Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam. plant treatment by ultrasounds and microwaves to improve antioxidants yield and quality: An overview

The purpose of this review is to compile the literature published about different aspects of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) use and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) applied on jujube worldwide and to compare the results on the antioxidant activity obtained for each extraction method. As a result of the increased consumers demand for natural products, as well as for those of agro-food, nutraceutical, cosmetic industries, and green extraction techniques are nowadays trending to be potential alternatives that can improve antioxidant yield and its quality from an economical and environmental point of view by reducing time, energy, and solvent consumption. Ultrasounds and microwaves are widely used methods in the extraction of active principles due to their cavitation and dipolar rotation effect, respectively. These two techniques provide efficiency of extraction while minimizing the time and preserving the quality of the food matrix, overcoming the disadvantages of conventional techniques characterized by their consumption of large quantities of solvents and providing a sparse quantity of extraction. Jujube, a shrub with a high antioxidant potential, which can be affected by various extraction conditions can be the target of UAE and MAE to increase the antioxidant extraction yield. Exploiting the beneficial properties such as the antioxidant activity can lead to an industrialization process, replacing therefor synthetic antioxidants with natural compounds. These can also help in the development of new nutraceuticals and can be used, for instance, in agro-food industries as preservatives

Dietary polyphénols : extraction, antioxidant activity and metal ion interaction

Les polyphénols sont des métabolites secondaires de végétaux abondants dans l’alimentation. Les extraire dans des conditions efficaces et mieux comprendre leurs propriétés physico-chimiques modulant leurs activités possibles dans le tractus digestif, constituent des enjeux scientifiques importants qui sont à la base de ce travail. La première partie porte sur l’enrichissement de l’huile d’olive en polyphénols par transfert direct de ces derniers des feuilles d’olivier à l’huile, sous irradiation ultrasonore en comparaison avec une macération conventionnelle. Après optimisation des paramètres d’extraction, la technique sous-ultrason à 16°C s’est révélée plus efficace que le procédé conventionnel du laboratoire (réacteur de 3 L) à l’échelle pilote industriel (réacteur de 30L). Dans la seconde partie, la réactivité de polyphénols communs et représentatifs des principales classes(rutine, quercétine, catéchine, acide chlorogénique et phénols de l’olive) avec le radical DPPH• et les ions de métaux de transition d’intérêt biologique(FeII, FeIII, CuI, CuII), a été étudiée par spectroscopie UV-visible (études cinétiques), par CLUP-SM (analyse de produits d’oxydation) et au moyen des tests colorimétriques permettant de préciser l’état redox des ions métalliques. L’étude de l’activité antiradicalaire (test DPPH•) en milieu micellaire aqueux a confirmé la capacité antioxydante des polyphénols sélectionnés en présence et en absence de la protéine sérum albumine bovine (SAB) etd’un modèle d’amidon (β-cyclodextrine). L’étude de la capacité des composés phénoliques à complexer les ions métalliques, en solution faiblement acide (pH= 5-6), a suggéré que les flavonols et acides hydroxycinnamiques sont susceptibles de complexer Fe III dès le compartimen tgastrique quand le pH est faiblement acide (1-2 h après le repas). Par contre, l’interaction avec Fe II et les ions du cuivre est probablement négligeable.L’interaction Fe III – polyphénol conduit à des complexes stables (sans oxydation notable du polyphénol) mais peut être inhibée par les interactionspolyphénol-protéinePolyphénols are plant secondary metabolites which are abundant in the diet. Their extraction using efficient processes and a better understanding of their physico-chemical properties that modulate their possible activities in the gastric tract are important scientific goals which underline this work. The first part deals with the direct enrichment of olive oil in polyphénols of olive leaves under ultrasonic irradiation in comparison with conventional maceration. After optimization of extraction parameters, the ultrasound-assisted process came up as more efficient than the conventional method at laboratory (reactor 3 L) to industrial pilot scale (reactor 30L). In the second part, the reactivity of some polyphenols, both common an representative ot the main classes (rutin, quercetin, catechin, chlorogenic acid and olive phenols) with DPPH radical and transition metal ions of biological interest (FeII, FeIII, CuI, CUII) was studied by UV-visible spectroscopy (kinetic studies), UPLC-MS (analysis of oxidation products) and via colorimetric tests for the determination of the redox state of the metal ions.The study of the antiradial activity (DPPH test) in aqueous micellar medium confirmed the antioxidant capacity of selected polyphenols in the presence and absence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein and a starch model (b-cyclodextrin). The study of the ability of phenolic compounds to bind metal ions in weakly acidic solution(pH=5-6), suggested that flavonols and hydroxycinnamic acids are able to complex FeIII from the gastric compartment when pH is slightly acid (1-2 h after the meal). However, interaction with FeII and copper ions is probably negligible. Interaction FeIII-polyphenol leads to stable complexes (without significant oxidation ot he polyphenol), but can be inhibited by the polyphenol-protein interaction

Polyphénols de l'alimentation : extraction, pouvoir antioxydant et interactions avec des ions métalliques

Polyphénols are plant secondary metabolites which are abundant in the diet. Their extraction using efficient processes and a better understanding of their physico-chemical properties that modulate their possible activities in the gastric tract are important scientific goals which underline this work. The first part deals with the direct enrichment of olive oil in polyphénols of olive leaves under ultrasonic irradiation in comparison with conventional maceration. After optimization of extraction parameters, the ultrasound-assisted process came up as more efficient than the conventional method at laboratory (reactor 3 L) to industrial pilot scale (reactor 30L). In the second part, the reactivity of some polyphenols, both common an representative ot the main classes (rutin, quercetin, catechin, chlorogenic acid and olive phenols) with DPPH radical and transition metal ions of biological interest (FeII, FeIII, CuI, CUII) was studied by UV-visible spectroscopy (kinetic studies), UPLC-MS (analysis of oxidation products) and via colorimetric tests for the determination of the redox state of the metal ions.The study of the antiradial activity (DPPH test) in aqueous micellar medium confirmed the antioxidant capacity of selected polyphenols in the presence and absence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein and a starch model (b-cyclodextrin). The study of the ability of phenolic compounds to bind metal ions in weakly acidic solution(pH=5-6), suggested that flavonols and hydroxycinnamic acids are able to complex FeIII from the gastric compartment when pH is slightly acid (1-2 h after the meal). However, interaction with FeII and copper ions is probably negligible. Interaction FeIII-polyphenol leads to stable complexes (without significant oxidation ot he polyphenol), but can be inhibited by the polyphenol-protein interactionsLes polyphénols sont des métabolites secondaires de végétaux abondants dans l’alimentation. Les extraire dans des conditions efficaces et mieux comprendre leurs propriétés physico-chimiques modulant leurs activités possibles dans le tractus digestif, constituent des enjeux scientifiques importants qui sont à la base de ce travail. La première partie porte sur l’enrichissement de l’huile d’olive en polyphénols par transfert direct de ces derniers des feuilles d’olivier à l’huile, sous irradiation ultrasonore en comparaison avec une macération conventionnelle. Après optimisation des paramètres d’extraction, la technique sous-ultrason à 16°C s’est révélée plus efficace que le procédé conventionnel du laboratoire (réacteur de 3 L) à l’échelle pilote industriel (réacteur de 30L). Dans la seconde partie, la réactivité de polyphénols communs et représentatifs des principales classes(rutine, quercétine, catéchine, acide chlorogénique et phénols de l’olive) avec le radical DPPH• et les ions de métaux de transition d’intérêt biologique(FeII, FeIII, CuI, CuII), a été étudiée par spectroscopie UV-visible (études cinétiques), par CLUP-SM (analyse de produits d’oxydation) et au moyen des tests colorimétriques permettant de préciser l’état redox des ions métalliques. L’étude de l’activité antiradicalaire (test DPPH•) en milieu micellaire aqueux a confirmé la capacité antioxydante des polyphénols sélectionnés en présence et en absence de la protéine sérum albumine bovine (SAB) etd’un modèle d’amidon (β-cyclodextrine). L’étude de la capacité des composés phénoliques à complexer les ions métalliques, en solution faiblement acide (pH= 5-6), a suggéré que les flavonols et acides hydroxycinnamiques sont susceptibles de complexer Fe III dès le compartimen tgastrique quand le pH est faiblement acide (1-2 h après le repas). Par contre, l’interaction avec Fe II et les ions du cuivre est probablement négligeable.L’interaction Fe III – polyphénol conduit à des complexes stables (sans oxydation notable du polyphénol) mais peut être inhibée par les interactionspolyphénol-protéin

Polyphénols de l'alimentation (extraction, pouvoir antioxydant et interactions avec des ions métalliques)

Les polyphénols sont des métabolites secondaires de végétaux abondants dans l alimentation. Les extraire dans des conditions efficaces et mieux comprendre leurs propriétés physico-chimiques modulant leurs activités possibles dans le tractus digestif, constituent des enjeux scientifiques importants qui sont à la base de ce travail. La première partie porte sur l enrichissement de l huile d olive en polyphénols par transfert direct de ces derniers des feuilles d olivier à l huile, sous irradiation ultrasonore en comparaison avec une macération conventionnelle. Après optimisation des paramètres d extraction, la technique sous-ultrason à 16C s est révélée plus efficace que le procédé conventionnel du laboratoire (réacteur de 3 L) à l échelle pilote industriel (réacteur de 30L). Dans la seconde partie, la réactivité de polyphénols communs et représentatifs des principales classes(rutine, quercétine, catéchine, acide chlorogénique et phénols de l olive) avec le radical DPPH et les ions de métaux de transition d intérêt biologique(FeII, FeIII, CuI, CuII), a été étudiée par spectroscopie UV-visible (études cinétiques), par CLUP-SM (analyse de produits d oxydation) et au moyen des tests colorimétriques permettant de préciser l état redox des ions métalliques. L étude de l activité antiradicalaire (test DPPH ) en milieu micellaire aqueux a confirmé la capacité antioxydante des polyphénols sélectionnés en présence et en absence de la protéine sérum albumine bovine (SAB) etd un modèle d amidon (β-cyclodextrine). L étude de la capacité des composés phénoliques à complexer les ions métalliques, en solution faiblement acide (pH= 5-6), a suggéré que les flavonols et acides hydroxycinnamiques sont susceptibles de complexer Fe III dès le compartimen tgastrique quand le pH est faiblement acide (1-2 h après le repas). Par contre, l interaction avec Fe II et les ions du cuivre est probablement négligeable.L interaction Fe III polyphénol conduit à des complexes stables (sans oxydation notable du polyphénol) mais peut être inhibée par les interactionspolyphénol-protéinePolyphénols are plant secondary metabolites which are abundant in the diet. Their extraction using efficient processes and a better understanding of their physico-chemical properties that modulate their possible activities in the gastric tract are important scientific goals which underline this work. The first part deals with the direct enrichment of olive oil in polyphénols of olive leaves under ultrasonic irradiation in comparison with conventional maceration. After optimization of extraction parameters, the ultrasound-assisted process came up as more efficient than the conventional method at laboratory (reactor 3 L) to industrial pilot scale (reactor 30L). In the second part, the reactivity of some polyphenols, both common an representative ot the main classes (rutin, quercetin, catechin, chlorogenic acid and olive phenols) with DPPH radical and transition metal ions of biological interest (FeII, FeIII, CuI, CUII) was studied by UV-visible spectroscopy (kinetic studies), UPLC-MS (analysis of oxidation products) and via colorimetric tests for the determination of the redox state of the metal ions.The study of the antiradial activity (DPPH test) in aqueous micellar medium confirmed the antioxidant capacity of selected polyphenols in the presence and absence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein and a starch model (b-cyclodextrin). The study of the ability of phenolic compounds to bind metal ions in weakly acidic solution(pH=5-6), suggested that flavonols and hydroxycinnamic acids are able to complex FeIII from the gastric compartment when pH is slightly acid (1-2 h after the meal). However, interaction with FeII and copper ions is probably negligible. Interaction FeIII-polyphenol leads to stable complexes (without significant oxidation ot he polyphenol), but can be inhibited by the polyphenol-protein interactionsAVIGNON-Bib. numérique (840079901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Antioxidant activity of olive phenols and other dietary phenols in model gastric conditions: Scavenging of the free radical DPPH and inhibition of the haem-induced peroxidation of linoleic acid

International audienceThe antioxidant activity of dietary phenols in humans (direct reduction of radicals and other highly oxidizing species) could be largely restricted to fighting postprandial oxidative stress in the gastric compartment. Hence, the development of chemical tests simply modelling this situation is pertinent. In this work, the antioxidant properties of the olive phenols hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein are investigated in pH 5–6 micellar solutions through the reduction of the DPPH radical and the inhibition of the metmyoglobininduced peroxidation of linoleic acid. In the first test, hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein proved as efficient as common polyphenols and their reactivity was only moderately affected by β-cyclodextrin and bovine serum albumin, taken as models of food macromolecules. In the second test, hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein by themselves came up as relatively weak inhibitors, despite their efficiency at reducing hypervalent haem iron. However, hydroxytyrosol was able to act in synergy with the typical chain-breaking antioxidant α-tocopherol

Optimization of some extraction parameters of phenolic content from apple peels and grape seeds and enrichment of yogurt by their powders: A comparative study

The present study aims to valorize the apple peels (AP) and grape seeds (GS) by the fortification of the yogurts using their powder. Firstly, the optimization of the extraction parameters for assessing maximum of total phenolic content (TPC) was achieved. Under the optimized conditions, the experimental maximum yields of TPC were 19.33 ± 2.33 and 240.59 ± 4.77 mg Gallic Acid Equivalents (GAE)/100 g Dry Weight (DW) for AP and GS, respectively, which was in close agreement with predicted values (19.32 ± 0.91 and 242.26 ± 11.08 mg GAE/100 g DW for AP and GS, respectively). The antioxidant capacity of GS extract was better with IC50 of 12.22 ± 0.89 and 225.47 ± 7.10 µg/ml in DPPH and phosphomolybdenum assays, respectively. Besides, powder from these by-products was incorporated into yogurt samples. The classification test revealed that the yogurt prepared with GS powder was the preferred one

Biological Properties, Phenolic Profile, and Botanical Aspect of <i>Nigella sativa</i> L. and <i>Nigella damascena</i> L. Seeds: A Comparative Study

The use of Nigella seeds in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic fields is common, since the iniquity and the virtues of these plants are directly related to their characteristic phytochemical composition. This investigation focused on the comparative study of the botanical aspect, phenolic profile, and in vitro and in vivo biological activities of Nigella sativa L. (NS) and Nigella damascena L. (ND) seeds. The macro- and micro-morphological properties of these seeds were studied, and the key dissimilarities between them were clearly illustrated. The phytochemical contents and phenolic profiles were determined, and the in vitro antioxidant activity was assessed using four methods. The in vivo antioxidant and biochemical parameters of the blood of supplemented mice were determined. The results of the macro- and micro-structure analysis revealed differences between the two plants. Here, ND is characterized by higher phytochemical contents and the best antioxidant activities. The HPLC analysis indicated the presence of nine compounds, namely seven phenolic acids, particularly hydroxybenzoic and caffeic acids, and two flavonoids. The administration of ND extract to mice for 21 days at a concentration of 500 mg/kg allowed a substantial amelioration of plasma antioxidant properties. In addition, the extracts ameliorate blood parameters (cholesterol, triglycerides, glycemia, and urea). Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of extracts demonstrated their effects on Staphylococcus and Aspergillus. Nigella seeds, in particular ND, expressed considerable in vitro antioxidant properties and demonstrated significant amelioration of mice blood properties. Consequently, these species can serve as a valuable source of compounds with various applications