The Impact of AIDS on Income and Human Capital

This paper studies the impact of HIV/AIDS on per capita income and education. It ex-plores two channels from HIV/AIDS to income that have not been sufficiently stressed bythe literature: the reduction of the incentives to study due to shorter expected longevity andthe reduction of productivity of experienced workers. In the model individuals live for threeperiods, may get infected in the second period and with some probability die of Aids beforereaching the third period of their life. Parents care for the welfare of the future generationsso that they will maximize lifetime utility of their dynasty. The simulations predict that themost affected countries in Sub-Saharan Africa will be in the future, on average, thirty percentpoorer than they would be without AIDS. Schooling will decline in some cases by forty percent.These gures are dramatically reduced with widespread medical treatment, as it increases thesurvival probability and productivity of infected individuals.

KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT: THE PROPOSAL OF A THEORETICAL MODEL

The current organizations present a common feature: the knowledge is their most important asset and simultaneously, one of the trickiest to manage. The organizations do not always count with systematic ways to encode the possessed knowledge, which leads them to suffer with losses native from specialties and expertise from a personal level. Here we present the knowledge management, study field that purposes the formalization of the organizational knowledge. This paper intends to propose a knowledge management theoretical model to be used in profit and non profit making organizations. The paper was developed through a methodological approach using a theoretical proposition alongside literature review and theoretical discussion. With the obtained results, it was possible to realize that the presence of technological and non-technological mechanisms can aid the knowledge management. At the same time,the presence of facilitator and inhibitor factors impacts in the knowledge management practices, where these should be properly treated. Lastly, it was possible to observe several actions that might be fulfilled, so the effective knowledge management can happen

A Contralateral Eye Study Comparing Apodized Diffrative and Full Diffrative Lenses: Wavefront Analysis and Distance and Near Uncorrected Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To evaluate intraindividual visual acuity, wavefront errors and modulation transfer functions in patients implanted with two diffractive multifocal intraocular lenses. METHODS: This prospective study examined 40 eyes of 20 cataract patients who underwent phacoemulsification and implantation of a spherical multifocal ReSTOR intraocular lens in one eye and an aspheric Tecnis ZM900 multifocal intraocular lens in the other eye. The main outcome measures, over a 3-month follow-up period, were the uncorrected photopic distance and near visual acuity and the defocus curve. The visual acuity was converted to logMAR for statistical analysis and is presented in decimal scale. The wavefront error and modulation transfer function were also evaluated in both groups. RESULTS: At the 3-month postoperative visit, the mean photopic distance uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was 0.74 ± 0.20 in the ReSTOR group and 0.76 ± 0.22 in the Tecnis group (p=0.286). The mean near UCVA was 0.96 ± 0.10 in the ReSTOR group and 0.93 ± 0.14 in the Tecnis group (p=0.963). The binocular defocus curve showed measurements between the peaks better than 0.2 logMAR. The total aberration, higher-order aberration and coma aberration were not significantly different between the groups. The spherical aberration was significantly lower in the Tecnis group than in the ReSTOR group. (p=0.004). Both groups performed similarly for the modulation transfer function. CONCLUSION: The ReSTOR SN60D3 and Tecnis ZM 900 intraocular lenses provided similar photopic visual acuity at distance and near. The diffractive intraocular lenses studied provided a low value of coma and spherical aberrations, with the Tecnis intraocular lens having a statistically lower spherical aberration compared to the ReSTOR intraocular lens. In the 5 mm pupil diameter analyses, both intraocular lens groups showed similar modulation transfer functions

Projeção de demanda em empresas de serviços: um estudo em um estabelecimento de emissão de certificados digitais

Previsões de demanda são importantes na gestão dos recursos das empresas, porém pouco exploradas em empresas prestadoras de serviços, devido às peculiaridades desse segmento. O presente artigo tem como objetivo utilizar técnicas de previsão de demanda como ferramenta auxiliar na gestão de empresas prestadoras de serviços de tecnologia da informação. Para isso, foi feito um estudo de caso em uma empresa de emissão de certificados digitais. Nessa empresa, ocorreu a análise quantitativa de previsão de demanda a fim de auxiliar na melhoria da produtividade e qualidade de serviço prestado. Os resultados indicam que as técnicas de projeção de demanda contribuem na gestão de empresas prestadoras de serviços. Em especial, no estudo de caso realizado, contribui para a gestão de estoque e diminuição do tempo de atendimento dos clientes

Trombose venosa cerebral em uma criança com síndrome nefrótica

Nephrotic syndrome in infancy and childhood is known to be associated with a hypercoagulable state and thromboembolic complications, but cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CST) is a very rare and serious one, with only a few isolated reports in the literature. A case is presented of a 9-year-old boy with nephrotic syndrome that acutely developed signs and symptoms of intracranial hypertension syndrome. CST was diagnosed on cranial CT and MRI and he gradually recovered after treatment with anticoagulants. The diagnosis of CST should be considered in any patient with nephrotic syndrome who develops neurologic symptoms. The discussion of this case, coupled with a review of the literature, emphasizes that early diagnosis is essential for institution of anticoagulation therapy and a successful outcome. This report also illustrates the difficulties that may be encountered in managing such a patient.A síndrome nefrótica na criança é sabidamente associada a um estado de hipercoagulabilidade e complicações tromboembólicas, entretanto a trombose venosa cerebral (TVC) é uma complicação muito rara e grave, com poucos relatos na literatura. Relatamos o caso de um menino de 9 anos com síndrome nefrótica que agudamente desenvolveu sinais e sintomas de uma síndrome de hipertensão intracraniana. TVC foi diagnosticada através de CT e IRM de crânio e o paciente gradualmente se recuperou após o tratamento com anticoagulantes. O diagnóstico de TVC deve ser considerado em qualquer paciente com síndrome nefrótica que desenvolva sintomas neurológicos. A discussão deste caso, associada à revisão da literatura, enfatiza que o diagnóstico precoce é essencial para instituição da terapia anticoagulante e para o bom prognóstico. Este relato também ilustra a dificuldade em manejar este tipo de paciente.Federal University of São PauloFederal University of São Paulo Department of PediatricsFederal University of São Paulo Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryUNIFESP, Department of PediatricsUNIFESP, Department of Neurology and NeurosurgerySciEL

DIFERENCIAÇÃO E FOCO PARA OBTENÇÃO DE VANTAGEM COMPETITIVA: O CASO DA BETA SISTEMAS

This case exposes elements for reflections and discussions about strategic positioning in an enterprise software development and consulting in information technology. Based in Serra Gaucha, the company operates throughout the national territory, with its main customers are located in the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Bahia and Mato Grosso do Sul. The case unfolds from the back of a journey of the young owner of the company software development and consulting in information technology to Salvador, where it shut another big project with one of its best customers in the industry of fruit, but instead of being content was very worried about how he would deliver the project within agreed between the parties, by virtue of its staff being overworked. After all, serving customers in more than thirty areas of activity the company faces a strategic dilemma: to specialize or spray your performance in various sectors? So what strategy should the firm choose? The data for the preparation of this teaching case were obtained through semi-structured interviews with managers and through secondary data such as internal documents, websites, and direct observation. This case can be used as an auxiliary tool for teaching, especially in disciplines related to strategy, undergraduate and post-graduation management courses.Este caso expone elementos para reflexiones y discusiones sobre el posicionamiento estratégico en un desarrollo de software empresarial y consultoría en tecnologías de la información. Con sede en Serra Gaucha, la compañía opera en todo el territorio nacional, y sus principales clientes se encuentran en los estados de Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Bahía y Mato Grosso do Sul. El caso se desarrolla a partir de un viaje por el joven propietario de la empresa de desarrollo de software y consultoría en tecnologías de la información a Salvador, donde cerró otro gran proyecto con uno de sus mejores clientes de la industria frutícola, pero la en lugar de ser el contenido estaba muy preocupado por cómo iba a entregar el proyecto en el plazo acordado entre las partes, en virtud de su personal de exceso de trabajo. Después de todo, que atienden a clientes en más de treinta áreas de actividad de la empresa se enfrenta a un dilema estratégico: a especializarse o pulverizar su actuación en diversos sectores? Entonces, ¿qué estrategia debe elegir la empresa? Los datos para la elaboración de este caso de enseñanza se obtuvieron a través de entrevistas semi-estructuradas con los administradores ya través de datos secundarios como documentos internos, sitios web, y la observación directa. Este caso puede ser utilizado como una herramienta de enseñanza auxiliar, especialmente en disciplinas relacionadas con la estrategia de la graduación y cursos de post-graduación en el curso de la administración.Este caso expõe elementos para reflexões e discussões sobre posicionamentos estratégicos em uma empresa de desenvolvimento de softwares e consultoria em tecnologia da informação.  Com sede na Serra Gaúcha, a empresa atua em todo o território nacional, sendo que os seus principais clientes estão localizados nos estados do Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Bahia e Mato Grosso do Sul.  O caso se desdobra a partir da volta de uma viagem do jovem proprietário da empresa de desenvolvimento de softwares e consultoria em tecnologia da informação à Salvador, onde o mesmo fechou mais um grande projeto com um dos seus melhores clientes do setor de fruticultura, mas ao invés de estar contente estava muito preocupado sobre como iria entregar o projeto no prazo acordado entre as partes, em virtude de sua equipe estar sobrecarregada de trabalho. Afinal, atendendo clientes de mais de trinta ramos de atividades a empresa enfrenta um dilema estratégico: especializar-se ou pulverizar sua atuação em diversos setores? Portanto, qual estratégia a empresa deveria escolher? Os dados para a elaboração deste caso de ensino foram obtidos através de entrevistas semiestruturadas com os gestores e por meio de dados secundários como documentos internos, sites e observação direta. Este caso pode ser utilizado como ferramenta auxiliar de ensino, principalmente em disciplinas relacionadas à estratégia, na graduação e pós-graduação lato sensu do curso de administração.

Effects of Distributed Generation on the Bidirectional Operation of Cascaded Step Voltage Regulators: Case Study of a Real 34.5 kV Distribution Feeder

This work investigates the impact of feeder bidirectional active power flow on the operation of two cascaded step voltage regulators (SVRs) located at a 34.5 kV rural distribution feeder. It shows that, when active power flow reversal is possible both by network reconfiguration and by high penetration levels of distributed generation (DG), typical SVR control mode settings are unable to prevent the occurrence of runaway condition, a phenomenon characterized by loss of SVR voltage control capabilities. Such developments are the basis for a DG pre-dispatch control strategy that aims to avoid the adverse effects of the described power flow reversal scenarios, as well as to ensure reliable operation of the utility distribution network.Comment: 8 pages, 11 figures, submitted to XXV SNPTEE 201