Income From Separate Property: Towards a Theoretical Foundation

The characterization of the rents, issues and profits from separate property brought into or acquired during marriage is discussed. There has been no comprehensive treatment of this issue in community property case law and literature in recent years

Fast, Verified Computation for Candle

This paper describes how we have added an efficient function for computation to the kernel of the Candle interactive theorem prover. Candle is a CakeML port of HOL Light which we have, in prior work, proved sound w.r.t. the inference rules of the higher-order logic. This paper extends the original implementation and soundness proof with a new kernel function for fast computation. Experiments show that the new computation function is able to speed up certain evaluation proofs by several orders of magnitude

Estimation of mass thickness response of embedded aggregated silica nanospheres from high angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron micrographs

In this study we investigate the functional behavior of the intensity in high-angle annular dark field (HAADF) scanning transmission electron micrograph (STEM) images. The model material is a silica particle (20 nm) gel at 5 wt%. By assuming that the intensity response is monotonically increasing with increasing mass thickness of silica, an estimate of the functional form is calculated using a maximum likelihood approach. We conclude that a linear functional form of the intensity provides a fair estimate but that a power function is significantly better for estimating the amount of silica in the z-direction. The work adds to the development of quantifying material properties from electron micrographs, especially in the field of tomography methods and three-dimensional quantitative structural characterization from a STEM micrograph. It also provides means for direct three-dimensional quantitative structural characterization from a STEM micrograph

Model updating of multiple nominally identical car components

A method for estimation of rubber bushing stiffness parameters is presented. Four individual rubber bushings, mounted in a car rear subframe are considered. A traditional model of the bushing elements using a generalised spring model, known as a CBUSH element in Nastran, is compared to a geometrically more realistic approach where the bushing is modelled with solid elements and a linear elastic material model. Each bushing is mass loaded to better reveal the bushing\u27s dynamic behaviour in a lower frequency range of interest. In an initial step, the overall subframe model is updated towards test data.In a second step, the bushing parameters are updated. Three nominally identical components are used to investigate the spread between the identified parameters. The model updating procedure is based on frequency responses and equalised damping. The undamped behaviour at frequencies below 300~Hz are considered. To quantify the parameter uncertainty, with respect to measurement noise for each individual, an uncertainty quantification procedure is proposed, using a linear-in-parameters surrogate model with bootstrapping

Parallel structures for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation in Southern Africa

During the last decade, the interest of the international community in the concepts of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation has been growing immensely. Even though an increasing number of scholars seem to view these concepts as two sides of the same coin (at least when not considering the potentially positive effects of climate change), in practice the two concepts have developed in parallel rather than in an integrated manner when it comes to policy, rhetoric and funding opportunities amongst international organisations and donors. This study investigates the extent of the creation of parallel structures for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region. The chosen methodology for the study is a comparative case study and the data are collected through focus groups and content analysis of documentary sources, as well as interviews with key informants. The results indicate that parallel structures for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation have been established in all but one of the studied countries. The qualitative interviews performed in some of the countries indicate that stakeholders in disaster risk reduction view this duplication of structures as unfortunate, inefficient and a fertile setup for conflict over resources for the implementation of similar activities. Additional research is called for in order to study the concrete effects of having these parallel structures as a foundation for advocacy for more efficient future disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation

”Vi är ju inte som japanerna ju!” - en kvalitativ studie om organisationsfilosofin Kaizen.

Bakgrund: Lean och Kaizen är idag vanligt förekommande organisationskoncept på många företag. Det är inte bara inom tillverkningsindustrin som Kaizen och Lean har utvecklats utan även inom andra sektorer. Lean Health Care, Lean Higher Education och Lean inom offentlig förvaltning är andra varianter av Kaizen. Vi ställer oss frågande till om man utgår från ett humanistiskt perspektiv på organisationsförändring där människan står i centrum. Syfte: Vårt syfte med denna studie är att undersöka om man har lyckats anamma Kaizen som organisationsfilosofi på företaget. Vi vill undersöka om en arbetsgrupp ständigt tänker på att förbättras, komma med nya förslag och bli mer effektiv i produktionen. Metod: Vi har valt en kvalitativ metodik i form av halvstrukturerade intervjuer och observationer. Med en deduktiv ansats där vi prövar teorin om Kaizen som organisationsfilosofi mot ett verkligt fall har vi genom ett fenomenologiskt förhållningssätt i denna uppsats analyserat empirin med hjälp av tidigare forskning på området. Resultat: Analysen visar på att känslan av att ständigt förbättra sig inte existerar hos medarbetarna i arbetsgruppen. Arbetsgruppen har inte förståelse för vad förslagsverksamheten innebär och man ser på Kaizen som något märkligt. Organisationsfilosofin har anammats som ett verktyg, i form av 5S, enbart för att hålla ordning på materiella ting på arbetsplatsen men de innehar inte den kunskap om vad Kaizen som organisationsfilosofi innebär

Reduced calcineurin inhibitor exposure with antibody induction and recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation

Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common indication for liver transplantation (LT), but post-LT tumor recurrence remains a concern. Early post-LT immunosuppression is suggested to affect recurrence risk. We evaluated the impact on HCC recurrence of an immunosuppression protocol introduced in 2010 with interleukin-2 receptor antibody (IL-2RA) induction and delayed-introduction of reduced-dose tacrolimus with mycophenolate. Methods We included consecutive HCC patients transplanted 2000-2017 in Gothenburg. The impact on HCC recurrence of IL-2RA induction and mean tacrolimus trough concentration during the first 20 post-LT days was analyzed by multivariable Cox regression and propensity score-adjusted analyses. Results The study comprised 235 patients (mean age 57 yrs, men 80%, mean MELD 13, within Milan criteria 57%). The cumulative 5-yr HCC recurrence rate among patients transplanted before and after 2010 were 28.6% and 19.7%, respectively. IL-2RA induction had no independent effect on HCC recurrence. High tacrolimus exposure (mean 20-day tacrolimus concentration >= 8ng/mL) was associated with increased HCC recurrence risk on univariable analysis (HR 2.22, 95% CI 1.23-4.01, p = .008), but was non-significant on multivariable analysis (p = .17). Outside Milan criteria, high tacrolimus exposure was significant for HCC recurrence (HR 3.68, 95% CI 1.34-10.11, p = .012) independently of tumor characteristics and AFP level. This was confirmed on multivariable propensity score-adjusted analysis. Conclusions Reduced early tacrolimus exposure, facilitated by IL-2RA induction, was associated with reduced risk for HCC recurrence among patients outside Milan criteria. Prospective studies are needed to confirm if early tacrolimus-minimization strategies can help reduce HCC recurrence rates and help extend transplant criteria.Peer reviewe

The RETREAT score provides valid predictions regarding hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation

Prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence after liver transplantation (LT) with knowledge of explant data is important for guiding post-LT surveillance and treatment. The RETREAT score was recently introduced for this purpose, but has not been validated outside the USA. In a retrospective single-center study of 169 consecutive patients undergoing LT in Gothenburg, through 2000-2017 (mean age 57 years, 80% men), there were 34 HCC recurrences during a median 4.6-year follow-up. The 5-year cumulative incidence of HCC recurrence was 0% with RETREAT scores of 0-1 (18%), 11-22% with scores of 2-4 (58%), and 65% with scores of 5-8 (24%). The C-statistic, as a measure of discrimination for prediction of HCC recurrence was 0.762, 0.664, 0.616, and 0.717, for the RETREAT score, Milan criteria, UCSF criteria, and post-MORAL criteria. The RETREAT score had no significant impact on patient survival after HCC recurrence (HR 1.00, P = 0.97). In conclusion, the RETREAT score provided valid predictions of post-LT HCC recurrence in a European setting, with the ability to discriminate between high, intermediate, and low risk for HCC recurrence in a clinically important way. Prognosis after recurrence did not differ according to the RETREAT score in our study.Peer reviewe

Cakes That Bake Cakes: Dynamic Computation in CakeML

We have extended the verified CakeML compiler with a new language primitive, Eval, which permits evaluation of new CakeML syntax at runtime. This new implementation supports an ambitious form of compilation at runtime and dynamic execution, where the original and dynamically added code can share (higher-order) values and recursively call each other. This is, to our knowledge, the first verified run-Time environment capable of supporting a standard LCF-style theorem prover design. Modifying the modern CakeML compiler pipeline and proofs to support a dynamic computation semantics was an extensive project. We review the design decisions, proof techniques, and proof engineering lessons from the project, and highlight some unexpected complications

Proof-Producing Synthesis of CakeML from Monadic HOL Functions

We introduce an automatic method for producing stateful ML programs together with proofs of correctness from monadic functions in HOL. Our mechanism supports references, exceptions, and I/O operations, and can generate functions manipulating local state, which can then be encapsulated for use in a pure context. We apply this approach to several non-trivial examples, including the instruction encoder and register allocator of the otherwise pure CakeML compiler, which now benefits from better runtime performance. This development has been carried out in the HOL4 theorem prover