53 research outputs found
Estimation of population size when capture probability depends on individual state
We develop a multi-state model to estimate the size of a closed population from capture–recapture studies. We consider the case where capture–recapture data are not of a simple binary form, but where the state of an individual is also recorded upon every capture as a discrete variable. The proposed multi-state model can be regarded as a generalisation of the commonly applied set of closed population models to a multi-state form. The model allows for heterogeneity within the capture probabilities associated with each state while also permitting individuals to move between the different discrete states. A closed-form expression for the likelihood is presented in terms of a set of sufficient statistics. The link between existing models for capture heterogeneity is established, and simulation is used to show that the estimate of population size can be biased when movement between states is not accounted for. The proposed unconditional approach is also compared to a conditional approach to assess estimation bias. The model derived in this paper is motivated by a real ecological data set on great crested newts, Triturus cristatus. Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear online
Contrasting responses to a climate regime change by sympatric, ice-dependent predators
Apparent annual survival of staging ruffs during a period of population decline: insights from sex and site-use related differences
The benefits of strength training on musculoskeletal system health: practical applications for interdisciplinary care
Global health organizations have provided recommendations regarding exercise for the general population. Strength training has been included in several position statements due to its multi-systemic benefits. In this narrative review, we examine the available literature, first explaining how specific mechanical loading is converted into positive cellular responses. Secondly, benefits related to specific musculoskeletal tissues are discussed, with practical applications and training programmes clearly outlined for both common musculoskeletal disorders and primary prevention strategies
Protandry and postandry in two related butterflies: conflicting evidence about sex-specific trade-offs between adult size and emergence time
Modelling state uncertainty with photo series data for the estimation of breeding success in a cliff-nesting seabird
Bayesian analysis of abundance for binomial sighting data with unknown number of marked individuals
Abundance, annual survival, and recruitment of unexploited and exploited lake charr, Salvelinus namaycush, populations at the Experimental Lakes Area, northwestern Ontario
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