The effect of aqueous stem bark extract of Erythrinamildbraedii on carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage in rats

This study evaluated the curative effects of aqueous stem bark extact of Erythrina mildbraedii in CCL4 induced liver damage. With the exception of group 1 (positive control), CCL4 was administered at a dose of 150 mg/kg to groups II, III, IV and V.Administration of CCL4 caused profound hepatic damage as indicated by elevation in serum levels of liver transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, total and direct bilirubin. There was depletion of serum proteins and albumin. Administration of aquoeus stem bark extract of Erythrina mildbraedii at daily oral doses of 50,100, 150mg/kg reversed these biochemical aberrations to a significant level. The curative effects of stem bark extracts of Erythrina mildbraedii were further substantiated by histopathological examination of the liver hepatocytes . The result of the study suggested that aqueous stem bark extract of Erythrina mildbraedii posses hepatocurative effects.Keywords: Carbontetrachloride, Erythrina mildbraedii, liver enzymes, hepatotoxicity

The effect of aqueous stem bark extract of Erythrina mildbraedii on acetaminophen induced nephrotoxicity in rats

This study was carried out to determine the curative effect of aqueous stem bark extract of Erythrina  mildbraedii in rats induced with nephrotoxicity using  800mg/kg Acetaminophen. Acetaminophen  administration resulted in significant increase in the serum level of urea, creatinine, Na+, K+, Cl- and a  significant  decrease in the level of HCO3 - . Administration of different doses (50, 100, & 150mg/kg) of aqueous stem bark extract of Erythrina mildbraedii ameliorated the  effect of Acetaminophen indicated by a significant  decrease in the level of urea, creatinine, Na+, K+ , Cl- and an increase in the level of HCO3 - when compared to  control rats. The histopathology showed a restoration of the renal architectures after administration of the  aqueous stem bark extract.Keywords: Acetaminophen, Erythrina mildbraedii, nephrotoxicity, aqueous extract

Global patient outcomes after elective surgery: prospective cohort study in 27 low-, middle- and high-income countries.

BACKGROUND: As global initiatives increase patient access to surgical treatments, there remains a need to understand the adverse effects of surgery and define appropriate levels of perioperative care. METHODS: We designed a prospective international 7-day cohort study of outcomes following elective adult inpatient surgery in 27 countries. The primary outcome was in-hospital complications. Secondary outcomes were death following a complication (failure to rescue) and death in hospital. Process measures were admission to critical care immediately after surgery or to treat a complication and duration of hospital stay. A single definition of critical care was used for all countries. RESULTS: A total of 474 hospitals in 19 high-, 7 middle- and 1 low-income country were included in the primary analysis. Data included 44 814 patients with a median hospital stay of 4 (range 2-7) days. A total of 7508 patients (16.8%) developed one or more postoperative complication and 207 died (0.5%). The overall mortality among patients who developed complications was 2.8%. Mortality following complications ranged from 2.4% for pulmonary embolism to 43.9% for cardiac arrest. A total of 4360 (9.7%) patients were admitted to a critical care unit as routine immediately after surgery, of whom 2198 (50.4%) developed a complication, with 105 (2.4%) deaths. A total of 1233 patients (16.4%) were admitted to a critical care unit to treat complications, with 119 (9.7%) deaths. Despite lower baseline risk, outcomes were similar in low- and middle-income compared with high-income countries. CONCLUSIONS: Poor patient outcomes are common after inpatient surgery. Global initiatives to increase access to surgical treatments should also address the need for safe perioperative care. STUDY REGISTRATION: ISRCTN5181700