22,133 research outputs found
Upper Limits from Counting Experiments with Multiple Pipelines
In counting experiments, one can set an upper limit on the rate of a Poisson
process based on a count of the number of events observed due to the process.
In some experiments, one makes several counts of the number of events, using
different instruments, different event detection algorithms, or observations
over multiple time intervals. We demonstrate how to generalize the classical
frequentist upper limit calculation to the case where multiple counts of events
are made over one or more time intervals using several (not necessarily
independent) procedures. We show how different choices of the rank ordering of
possible outcomes in the space of counts correspond to applying different
levels of significance to the various measurements. We propose an ordering that
is matched to the sensitivity of the different measurement procedures and show
that in typical cases it gives stronger upper limits than other choices. As an
example, we show how this method can be applied to searches for
gravitational-wave bursts, where multiple burst-detection algorithms analyse
the same data set, and demonstrate how a single combined upper limit can be set
on the gravitational-wave burst rate.Comment: 26 pages (CQG style), 8 figures. Added study of robustness of limits
Summary and evaluation of the parametric study of potential early commercial MHD power plants (PSPEC)
Two parallel contracted studies were conducted. Each contractor investigated three base cases and parametric variations about these base cases. Each contractor concluded that two of the base cases (a plant using separate firing of an advanced high temperature regenerative air heater with fuel from an advanced coal gasifier and a plant using an intermediate temperature metallic recuperative heat exchanger to heat oxygen enriched combustion air) were comparable in both performance and cost of electricity. The contractors differed in the level of their cost estimates with the capital cost estimates for the MHD topping cycle and the magnet subsystem in particular accounting for a significant part of the difference. The impact of the study on the decision to pursue a course which leads to an oxygen enriched plant as the first commercial MHD plant is described
Anomalous ionization seen in the spectra of B supergiants
An IUE survey of B supergiants has been conducted to study the persistence with spectral type of the ultraviolet resonance lines of N V, C IV and Si IV. N V is seen as late as B2.5Ia, C IV until B6Ia and Si IV throughout the range from B1.5 to B9. This is in fairly good agreement with the Auger ionization model of Cassinelli and Olson (1979). The terminal velocities are derived for the 20 stars in the sample and it is found that the ratio v(T)/v(esc) decreases monotonically with spectral type from the value of 3.0 that it has in the O spectral range to the value 1.0 at B9Ia
The application of deep eutectic solvent ionic liquids for environmentally-friendly dissolution and recovery of precious metals
publisher: Elsevier articletitle: The application of deep eutectic solvent ionic liquids for environmentally-friendly dissolution and recovery of precious metals journaltitle: Minerals Engineering articlelink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2015.09.026 content_type: article copyright: Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
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Effect of side chains on the dielectric properties of alkyl esters derived from palm kernel oil
Alkyl ester derivatives were synthesized from laboratory purified palm kernel oil. The steps in the synthesis involved transesterification of palm kernel oil to produce a methyl ester, followed by epoxidation and then the grafting of side chains by esterification with propionic and butyric anhydride. The dielectric and thermal properties of the ester derivatives were analyzed and compared with the methyl ester. The melting point of the ester derivatives were found to reduce with side chain attachment and antioxidant improved its thermal stability. The dielectric loss was dominated by mobile charged particles and the chemical modification appeared to increase the rate at which electric double layer was formed at the electrode-liquid interface. The esters possessed excellent breakdown strengths suggesting that the processing to optimize their physical properties did not have a negative influence on their electrical breakdown strength. This product may prove useful as an insulation fluid in Electrical Power Transformers
Higher Order Containers
Abstract. Containers are a semantic way to talk about strictly positive types. In previous work it was shown that containers are closed under various constructions including products, coproducts, initial algebras and terminal coalgebras. In the present paper we show that, surprisingly, the category of containers is cartesian closed, giving rise to a full cartesian closed subcategory of endofunctors. The result has interesting applications syntax. We also show that while the category of containers has finite limits, it is not locally cartesian closed.
Searches for Gravitational Waves from Binary Neutron Stars: A Review
A new generation of observatories is looking for gravitational waves. These
waves, emitted by highly relativistic systems, will open a new window for ob-
servation of the cosmos when they are detected. Among the most promising
sources of gravitational waves for these observatories are compact binaries in
the final min- utes before coalescence. In this article, we review in brief
interferometric searches for gravitational waves emitted by neutron star
binaries, including the theory, instru- mentation and methods. No detections
have been made to date. However, the best direct observational limits on
coalescence rates have been set, and instrumentation and analysis methods
continue to be refined toward the ultimate goal of defining the new field of
gravitational wave astronomy.Comment: 30 pages, 5 Figures, to appear in "Short-Period Binary Stars:
Observations, Analyses, and Results", Ed.s Eugene F. Milone, Denis A. Leahy,
David W. Hobil
Prospects for joint radio telescope and gravitational wave searches for astrophysical transients
The radio skies remain mostly unobserved when it comes to transient
phenomena. The direct detection of gravitational waves will mark a major
milestone of modern astronomy, as an entirely new window will open on the
universe. Two apparently independent phenomena can be brought together in a
coincident effort that has the potential to boost both searches. In this paper
we will outline the scientific case that stands behind these future joint
observations and will describe the methods that might be used to conduct the
searches and analyze the data. The targeted sources are binary systems of
compact objects, known to be strong candidate sources for gravitational waves.
Detection of transients coincident in these two channels would be a significant
smoking gun for first direct detection of gravitational waves, and would open
up a new field for characterization of astrophysical transients involving
massive compact objects.Comment: 12 pages, Amaldi 8 Conference (New York, 2009) proceedings pape
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