3,402 research outputs found
The XMM-Newton Slew Survey
XMM-Newton, with the huge collecting area of its mirrors and the high quantum
efficiency of its EPIC detectors, is the most sensitive X-ray observatory ever
flown. This is strikingly evident during slew exposures, which, while yielding
only at most 14 seconds of on-source exposure time, actually constitute a 2-10
keV survey ten times deeper than all other "all-sky" surveys. The current
(April 2005) XMM archive contains 374 slew exposures which give a uniform
coverage over around 10,000 square degrees (approx. 25% of the sky). Here we
describe the results of pilot studies, the current status of the XMM-Newton
Slew Survey, up-to-date results and our progress towards constructing a
catalogue of slew detections in the full 0.2-12 keV energy band.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figures, XMM-Newton EPIC Consortium Meeting, Schloss
Ringberg, Germany, April 2005, to appear in MPE Repor
Extended sources in the XMM-Newton slew survey
The low background, good spatial resolution and great sensitivity of the
EPIC-pn camera on XMM-Newton give useful limits for the detection of extended
sources even during the short exposures made during slewing maneouvers. In this
paper we attempt to illustrate the potential of the XMM-Newton slew survey as a
tool for analysing flux-limited samples of clusters of galaxies and other
sources of spatially extended X-ray emission.Comment: 2 pages, 4 figures, to appear in the proceedings of "The X-ray
Universe 2005", San Lorenzo de El Escorial (Spain), 26-30 September 200
The XMM-Newton Slew Survey: towards the XMMSL1 catalogue
The XMM-Newton satellite is the most sensitive X-ray observatory flown to
date due to the great collecting area of its mirrors coupled with the high
quantum efficiency of the EPIC detectors. It performs slewing manoeuvers
between observation targets tracking almost circular orbits through the
ecliptic poles due to the Sun constraint. Slews are made with the EPIC cameras
open and the other instruments closed, operating with the observing mode set to
the one of the previous pointed observation and the medium filter in place.
Slew observations from the EPIC-pn camera in FF, eFF and LW modes provide
data, resulting in a maximum of 15 seconds of on-source time. These data can be
used to give a uniform survey of the X-ray sky, at great sensitivity in the
hard band compared with other X-ray all-sky surveys.Comment: 2 pages, 2 figures, to appear in the proceedings of "The X-ray
Universe 2005", San Lorenzo de El Escorial (Spain), 26-30 September 200
Physical Properties of OSIRIS-REx Target Asteroid (101955) 1999 RQ36 derived from Herschel, ESO-VISIR and Spitzer observations
In September 2011, the Herschel Space Observatory performed an observation
campaign with the PACS photometer observing the asteroid (101955) 1999 RQ36 in
the far infrared. The Herschel observations were analysed, together with ESO
VLT-VISIR and Spitzer-IRS data, by means of a thermophysical model in order to
derive the physical properties of 1999 RQ36. We find the asteroid has an
effective diameter in the range 480 to 511 m, a slightly elongated shape with a
semi-major axis ratio of a/b=1.04, a geometric albedo of 0.045 +0.015/-0.012,
and a retrograde rotation with a spin vector between -70 and -90 deg ecliptic
latitude. The thermal emission at wavelengths below 12 micron -originating in
the hot sub-solar region- shows that there may be large variations in roughness
on the surface along the equatorial zone of 1999 RQ36, but further measurements
are required for final proof. We determine that the asteroid has a
disk-averaged thermal inertia of Gamma = 650 Jm-2s-0.5K-1 with a 3-sigma
confidence range of 350 to 950 Jm-2s-0.5K-1, equivalent to what is observed for
25143 Itokawa and suggestive that 1999 RQ36 has a similar surface texture and
may also be a rubble-pile in nature. The low albedo indicates that 1999 RQ36
very likely contains primitive volatile-rich material, consistent with its
spectral type, and that it is an ideal target for the OSIRIS-REx sample return
mission.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics, 9 pages, 7
figure
STAT3, a hub protein of cellular signaling pathways, is triggered by ÎČ-hexaclorocyclohexane
Background: Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are widely distributed in the environment and their toxicity is mostly associated with the molecular mechanisms of endocrine disruption. Among OCPs, particular attention was focused on the effects of ÎČ-hexaclorocyclohexane (ÎČ-HCH), a widely common pollutant. A detailed epidemiological study carried out on exposed population in the âValle del Saccoâ found correlations between the incidence of a wide range of diseases and the occurrence of ÎČ-HCH contamination. Taking into account the pleiotropic role of the protein signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), its function as a hub protein in cellular signaling pathways triggered by ÎČ-HCH was investigated in different cell lines corresponding to tissues that are especially vulnerable to damage by environmental pollutants. Materials and Methods: Human prostate cancer (LNCaP), human breast cancer (MCF-7 and MDA-MB 468), and human hepatoma (HepG2) cell lines were treated with 10 ”M ÎČ-HCH in the presence or absence of specific inhibitors for different receptors. All samples were subjected to analysis by immunoblotting and RT-qPCR. Results and Conclusions: The preliminary results allow us to hypothesize the involvement of STAT3, through both its canonical and non-canonical pathways, in response to ÎČ-HCH. Moreover, we ascertained the role of STAT3 as a master regulator of energy metabolism via the altered expression and localization of HIF-1α and PKM2, respectively, resulting in a Warburg-like effect
Thermoplastic Blends Based on Poly(Butylene Succinate-co-Adipate) and Different Collagen Hydrolysates from Tanning Industry: IâProcessing and Thermo-mechanical Properties
In this study, blends of a biodegradable thermoplastic polyester, poly (butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) with two different raw hydrolyzed collagens (HCs), derived from the tannery industry, were investigated in terms of processability, rheological, thermal and mechanical properties. HCs, obtained by alkaline (HCa) and enzymatic (HCe) hydrolysis of the solid wastes generated during the shaving of the tanned leather, were used in PBSA/HC blends, up to 20 wt% of HC, produced by melting extrusion and processed by injection molding. All the blends up to 20 wt% HCs resulted suitable for the injection molding obtaining flexible molded specimens with good tensile properties. The different secondary structure of the two HCs influenced the rheology, morphology and mechanical properties of the produced blends. In particular, HCa, due its higher content of oligopeptides and free amino-acids, showed a good compatibility with the polymeric matrix acting as a plasticizer with consequent reduction of melt viscosity with increasing its loading. The molded dog-bones specimens containing 20 wt% HCa showed a value of elongation at break of 810%. While, HCe, due its higher presence of b-sheet structures, behaved as organic filler, showing a poor interfacial interaction with PBSA with consequent decrease of the tensile properties with increasing its loading. The good processability and satisfactory mechanical properties obtained encourage the use of both investigated collagen hydrolysates in the production of thermoplastic blends and relative molded products for applications in agriculture and plant nurseries, such as pots or small containers with fertilizing properties, due the presence of HCs
Short-term effects of focal muscle vibration on motor recovery after acute stroke: a pilot randomized sham-controlled study
Repetitive focal muscle vibration (rMV) is known to promote neural plasticity and long-lasting motor recovery in chronic stroke patients. Those structural and functional changes within the motor network underlying motor recovery occur in the very first hours after stroke. Nonetheless, to our knowledge, no rMV-based studies have been carried out in acute stroke patients so far, and the clinical benefit of rMV in this phase of stroke is yet to be determined. The aim of this randomized double-blind sham-controlled study is to investigate the short-term effect of rMV on motor recovery in acute stroke patients. Out of 22 acute stroke patients, 10 were treated with the rMV (vibration groupâVG), while 12 underwent the sham treatment (control groupâCG). Both treatments were carried out for 3 consecutive days, starting within 72 h of stroke onset; each daily session consisted of three 10-min treatments (for each treated limb), interspersed with a 1-min interval. rMV was delivered using a specific device (CroÂźSystem, NEMOCO srl, Italy). The transducer was applied perpendicular to the target muscle's belly, near its distal tendon insertion, generating a 0.2â0.5 mm peak-to-peak sinusoidal displacement at a frequency of 100 Hz. All participants also underwent a daily standard rehabilitation program. The study protocol underwent local ethics committee approval (ClinicalTrial.gov NCT03697525) and written informed consent was obtained from all of the participants. With regard to the different pre-treatment clinical statuses, VG patients showed significant clinical improvement with respect to CG-treated patients among the NIHSS (p < 0.001), Fugl-Meyer (p = 0.001), and Motricity Index (p < 0.001) scores. In addition, when the upper and lower limb scales scores were compared between the two groups, VG patients were found to have a better clinical improvement at all the clinical end points. This study provides the first evidence that rMV is able to improve the motor outcome in a cohort of acute stroke patients, regardless of the pretreatment clinical status. Being a safe and well-tolerated intervention, which is easy to perform at the bedside, rMV may represent a valid complementary non-pharmacological therapy to promote motor recovery in acute stroke patients
Intergalactic Photon Spectra from the Far IR to the UV Lyman Limit for and the Optical Depth of the Universe to High Energy Gamma-Rays
We calculate the intergalactic photon density as a function of both energy
and redshift for 0 < z < 6 for photon energies from .003 eV to the Lyman limit
cutoff at 13.6 eV in a Lambda-CDM universe with and
. Our galaxy evolution model gives results which are
consistent with Spitzer deep number counts and the spectral energy distribution
of the extragalactic background radiation. We use our photon density results to
extend previous work on the absorption of high energy gamma-rays in
intergalactic space owing to interactions with low energy photons and the 2.7 K
cosmic background radiation. We calculate the optical depth of the universe,
tau, for gamma-rays having energies from 4 GeV to 100 TeV emitted by sources at
redshifts from ~0 to 5. We also give an analytic fit with numerical
coefficients for approximating . As an example of the
application of our results, we calculate the absorbed spectrum of the blazar
PKS 2155-304 at z = 0.117 and compare it with the spectrum observed by the
H.E.S.S. air Cherenkov gamma-ray telescope array.Comment: final version to be published in Ap
CEA Bolometer Arrays: the First Year in Space
The CEA/LETI and CEA/SAp started the development of far-infrared filled bolometer arrays for space applications
over a decade ago. The unique design of these detectors makes possible the assembling of large focal planes
comprising thousands of bolometers running at 300 mK with very low power dissipation. Ten arrays of 16x16
pixels were thoroughly tested on the ground, and integrated in the Herschel/PACS instrument before launch in
May 2009. These detectors have been successfully commissioned and are now operating in their nominal environment
at the second Lagrangian point of the Earth-Sun system. In this paper we briefly explain the functioning
of CEA bolometer arrays, and we present the properties of the detectors focusing on their noise characteristics,
the effect of cosmic rays on the signal, the repeatability of the measurements, and the stability of the system
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