Analyse de la qualité physico-chimique des eaux souterraines de la communauté des Mzamza, au voisinage des eaux usées

Analyze of the physicochemical quality of Mzamza’s communityof ground waters, around waste waters In the Mzamza’s community, characterized by an important agricultural potentiality especially in the perimeters irrigated by domestic and industrial water, ground waters are prone to several possibilities of contamination. However in this zone, the ground waters are considered as an important resource used to drink water and irrigation. The objective of this study is, on the one hand, to try to evaluate the impact of the wastes water’s re-use on the physicochemical quality of wells’water in the zone of study and, on the other hand, to determine its quality refering to the standards of potability or irrigation. The results obtained showed that the concentrations of the elements considered (principal pollutants and indicators of pollution) are high in waste waters and ground waters.The ratio of adsorption of sodium (SAR) enabled us to qualifie groundwaters intended to the irrigation, and the causes of salinisation of the soil when using it in this domain.Several determining factors were highlighted in the contamination of ground waters by these pollutants, namely: the contribution of nitrogenized fertilizers, the nature of soil, the lithology, the permeability of the aquifer and the outdistances well compared to the sources of pollution which are waste waters

A geometric proof of the Lelong-Poincaré formula

We propose a geometric proof of the fundamental Lelong-Poincaré formula : ddc log |/ | = [/ = 0] where f is any nonzero holomorphic function defined on a complex analytic manifold V and [/ = 0] is the integration current on the divisor of the zeroes of /. Our approach is based, via the local parametrization theorem, on a precise study of the local geometry of the hypersurface given by /. Our proof extends naturally to the meromorphic case

Organic optoelectronic devices-flexibility versus performance

International audienceIn this paper, we discuss the effect of flexible substrates on the characteristics of two organic optoelectronic devices, namely P3HT:PCBM-based photovoltaic bulk heterojunctions and pentacene-based phototransistors. In addition, we have developed anode materials deposited by ion beam sputtering, a technique which satisfies the low temperature deposition requirements associated with the use of plastic substrates. The anode materials consisted of indium tin oxide (ITO) and ITO/metal/ITO tri-layers. The use of tri-layer anodes in P3HT:PCBM-based solar cells resulted in an increase in the fill factor and the power conversion efficiency reached a value of 2% with an ITO(70 nm)/Ag(14 nm)/ITO(70 nm) anode deposited on a polyphthalate carbonate substrate. In the case of phototransistors, a photosensitivity of 1.6 × 10 under illumination at 365 nm (with a power intensity of 7 mW/cm) was obtained in the off-state of the transistor. We have fine-tuned the anode structure and deposition/annealing conditions towards flexible organic devices and optimal device characteristics

Traitement Expérimental Par Coagulation Floculation Des Effluents Brutes D’une Industrie Aéronautique À Casablanca (Maroc)

Les effluents de l’industrie de traitement de surface présentent souvent une forte charge en produits chimiques très toxiques qui doivent être traités conformément à une réglementation de plus en plus stricte. Dans ce travail, nous avons effectué une caractérisation des effluents liquides d’une unité de traitement de surface au Maroc qui a révélé une forte pollution colloïdale (Turbidité=131 NTU), une charge en matière oxydable élevée (DCO = 960 mg/l) et en éléments métalliques (Fer, cuivre, zinc, nickel, aluminium, chrome et cyanure). L’objectif de cette étude expérimentale consiste à appliquer un traitement physico-chique par coagulation-floculation à ces eaux uses industrielles toxiques en vue de les conformer aux normes de rejet dans le réseau d’assainissement local. En effet, ce traitement, précédé d’un ajustement du pH, une oxydation des cyanures et d’une réduction du chrome hexavalent, a abouti à une réduction très satisfaisante de la toxicité de ces effluents avec des taux d’abattement de 94% pour la DCO et jusqu'à 99 % pour la turbidité et charge métallique. Effluents from the surface treatment industry often have a high load o f highly toxic chemicals that need to be treated in accordance with increasing ly stringent regulations. In this work, we performed a characterization of liqu id effluents from a surface treatment unit in Morocco that revealed high collo idal pollution (Turbidity=131 NTU), high stainless material (COD=960 mg/l ) and metal elements (Iron, copper, zinc, nickel, aluminum, chromium and cy anide). The objective of this experimental study is to apply a physico-chemical treatment by coagulation-flocculation to these toxic industrial wastewater in order to comply with the discharge standards in the local sewage system. This treatment, preceded by pH adjustment, cyanide oxidation and reduction of hexavalent chromium, resulted in a very satisfactory reduction in toxicity of these effluents with abatement rates of 94% for COD and up to 99% for turbidity and metal load

The philosophy of energy consumption in North Africa, contribution of artificial intelligence

Some people in North Africa have been accustomed to getting everything, from the consumption of various goods, to luxurious housing, to travel from one country to another, unaware that the necessities of this way of life are very energy intensive. These countries, too, are unaware of the importance and necessity of opening up to each other in order to work together to raise awareness of energy consumption. Through this research, which is based on a scientific approach combining technology, human and social sciences and statistical studies, we have tried to highlight the importance of logical energy consumption while explaining that the consequences will be unexpected in the future in the event of an energy shortage in North Africa

Broadband Fields Radiated in a Solid by Water-Coupled Transducers: A Comparison of Approximate Models, Numerical Approaches and Experiments

In number of configurations, ultrasonic tests in the French nuclear industry are made using water-coupled focused transducers. To study the influence of the various parameters involved in transducer/piece configurations, model-based predictions of the field radiated by transducers are very useful. A model (called Champ-Sons) has been developed at the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) to calculate the field radiated by focused or unfocused transducer through liquid/solid interface at normal or oblique incidence [1]. It can deal with radiating surface of complex (3-D) shape (spherical focusing, Fermat’s surfaces, multiple-elements [2] etc.). The calculation is done directly in the time domain for broadband sources and in the frequency domain for narrowband sources. In its present form Champ-Sons deals with either plane or cylindrical interfaces between a fluid and an isotropic solid. It is implemented in a user-friendly software developed at the CEA called CIVA [3] for NDT data processing (eddy-current, ultrasonics, neutrongraphy, radiography). Since non-canonical configurations are considered and pure numerical schemes are too computer intensive, the model treats the refraction at the fluid/solid interface in an approximate way. It has been validated experimentally [1]

Identificación de materiales de construcción en el sitio arqueológico de Banasa (noroeste de Marruecos) y estado de alteración

Depto. de Mineralogía y PetrologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEpu

Role of rhizospheric microbiota as a bioremediation tool for the protection of soil-plant systems from microcystins phytotoxicity and mitigating toxin-related health risk

Frequent toxic cyanoblooms in eutrophic freshwaters produce various cyanotoxins such as the monocyclic heptapeptides microcystins (MCs), known as deleterious compounds to plant growth and human health. Recently, MCs are a recurrent worldwide sanitary problem in irrigation waters and farmland soils due to their transfer and accumulation in the edible tissues of vegetable produce. In such cases, studies about the persistence and removal of MCs in soil are scarce and not fully investigated. In this study, we carried out a greenhouse trial on two crop species: faba bean (Vicia faba var. Alfia 321) and common wheat (Triticum aestivum var. Achtar) that were grown in sterile (microorganism-free soil) and non-sterile (microorganism-rich soil) soils and subjected to MC-induced stress at 100 µg equivalent MC-LR L−1. The experimentation aimed to assess the prominent role of native rhizospheric microbiota in mitigating the phytotoxic impact of MCs on plant growth and reducing their accumulation in both soils and plant tissues. Moreover, we attempted to evaluate the health risk related to the consumption of MC-polluted plants for humans and cattle by determining the estimated daily intake (EDI) and health risk quotient (RQ) of MCs in these plants. Biodegradation was liable to be the main removal pathway of the toxin in the soil; and therefore, bulk soil (unplanted soil), as well as rhizospheric soil (planted soil), were used in this experiment to evaluate the accumulation of MCs in the presence and absence of microorganisms (sterile and non-sterile soils). The data obtained in this study showed that MCs had no significant effects on growth indicators of faba bean and common wheat plants in non-sterile soil as compared to the control group. In contrast, plants grown in sterile soil showed a significant decrease in growth parameters as compared to the control. These results suggest that MCs were highly bioavailable to the plants, resulting in severe growth impairments in the absence of native rhizospheric microbiota. Likewise, MCs were more accumulated in sterile soil and more bioconcentrated in root and shoot tissues of plants grown within when compared to non-sterile soil. Thereby, the EDI of MCs in plants grown in sterile soil was more beyond the tolerable daily intake recommended for both humans and cattle. The risk level was more pronounced in plants from the sterile soil than those from the non-sterile one. These findings suggest that microbial activity, eventually MC-biodegradation, is a crucial bioremediation tool to remove and prevent MCs from entering the agricultural food chain. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.This project has received funding from the European Union?s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sk?odowska-Curie grant agreement No. 823860 and co-sup-ported by the strategical funding from FCT UIDB/04423/2020 and UIDP/04423/2020

Therapeutic complement targeting in ANCA-associated vasculitides and thrombotic microangiopathy

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAVs) are a group of systemic autoimmune disorders characterized by necrotizing inflammation of medium-to-small vessels, a relative paucity of immune deposits, and an association with detectable circulating ANCAs. AAVs include granulomatosis with polyangiitis (renamed from Wegener's granulomatosis), microscopic polyangiitis, and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome). Until recently, AAVs have not been viewed as complement-mediated disorders. However, recent findings predominantly from animal studies demonstrated a crucial role of the complement system in the pathogenesis of AAVs. Complement activation or defects in its regulation have been described in an increasing number of acquired or genetically driven forms of thrombotic microangiopathy. Coinciding with this expanding spectrum of complement-mediated diseases, the question arises as to which AAV patients might benefit from a complement-targeted therapy. Therapies directed against the complement system point to the necessity of a genetic workup of genes of complement components and regulators in patients with AAV. Genetic testing together with pluripotent stem cells and bioinformatics tools may broaden our approach to the treatment of patients with aggressive forms of AAV