30 research outputs found

    Antifibrotic Effects of Ethyl Pyruvate via Inhibition of HMGB1 on Keloid Fibroblasts and Keloid Spheroids

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    Keloids are fibrous skin lesions; how keloids develop and treatment for them remain unclear. The etiology of keloids is characterized by an abnormally increased proliferation of cells, excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix, and reduction of apoptosis and autophagy. We investigated the role of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein regulation in modulating the etiology of keloids. HMGB1 is a nuclear protein present in eukaryotic cells, known to regulate inflammation, immunity, and cell proliferation and death, and has been reported to be associated with various fibrous lesions. In particular, HMGB1 is known to regulate homeostasis between apoptosis and autophagy. In addition, effects of ethyl pyruvate, which is known to inhibit the extracellular action of HMGB1, on keloids with respect to the regulation of cell death by limiting the function of HMGB1 were examined. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed that HMGB1 expression was increased in keloid tissues compared to that in normal tissues. Flow cytometry confirmed that autophagy was increased in fibroblasts treated with TGF-ฮฒ and HMGB1. Furthermore, immunochemical staining verified that the expression of HMGB1 was significantly reduced by ethyl pyruvate treatment of keloid cells. Western blotting revealed that the expression of type 1, 3 collagen, fibronectin, elastin, TGF-ฮฒ, Smad 2/3, and ERK1 / 2 in keloid cells were significantly decreased by ethyl pyruvate treatment. Based on these results, autophagy was increased in keloids, whereas autophagy decreased, apoptosis increased, and fibrosis decreased with ethyl pyruvate treatment, an inhibitor of HMGB1. These results suggest that ethyl pyruvate may be applied for suppression and treatment of keloids. ์ผˆ๋กœ์ด๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ธฐ์ „ ๋ฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐํ˜€์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์„ฌ์œ ์„ฑ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ๋ณ‘๋ณ€์ด๋‹ค. ์ผˆ๋กœ์ด๋“œ์˜ ๋ณ‘์ธ์€ ๋น„์ •์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ฆ์‹์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜์–ด ์„ธํฌ ์™ธ ๊ธฐ์งˆ์ด ๊ณผ๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ถ•์ ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ž๋ฉธ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์ž๊ฐ€ ํฌ์‹ ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํŠน์ง•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผˆ๋กœ์ด๋“œ์˜ ๋ณ‘์ธ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์กฐ์ ˆ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. HMGB1์€ ์ง„ํ•ต ์„ธํฌ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ต ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๋กœ ์—ผ์ฆ, ๋ฉด์—ญ, ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ฆ์‹ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ ๋“ฑ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์„ฌ์œ ์„ฑ ๋ณ‘๋ณ€๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ HMGB1์€ ์„ธํฌ ์ž๋ฉธ๊ณผ ์ž๊ฐ€ ํฌ์‹๊ณผ์˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผˆ๋กœ์ด๋“œ์˜ ๋ณ‘์ธ์ด ์ž๋ฉธ์‚ฌ์™€ ์ž๊ฐ€ ํฌ์‹์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, HMGB1์˜ ์„ธํฌ ์™ธ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ Ethyl pyruvate์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ keloid์—์„œ Ethyl pyruvate๊ฐ€ HMGB1์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ œํ•œํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ•ญ์„ฌ์œ ํ™” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฉด์—ญํ™”ํ•™์—ผ์ƒ‰์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •์ƒ์กฐ์ง์— ๋น„ํ•ด keloid ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ HMGB1์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํฌ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์  ์„ฌ์œ ์„ฑ ์ธ์ž์ธ TGF-ฮฒ์™€ HMGB1์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ์„ฌ์œ  ๋ชจ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ์ž๊ฐ€ ํฌ์‹์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ผˆ๋กœ์ด๋“œ ์„ธํฌ์— Ethyl pyruvate๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ HMGB1์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•จ์„ ๋ฉด์—ญํ™”ํ•™์—ผ์ƒ‰์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, MTT ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •์ƒ ์„ฌ์œ  ๋ชจ์„ธํฌ์™€ ์ผˆ๋กœ์ด๋“œ ์„ฌ์œ  ๋ชจ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ Ethyl pyruvate (0, 10, 20mM) ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํ›„ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ฆ์‹์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ผˆ๋กœ์ด๋“œ ์„ธํฌ๊ตฌ์—์„œ type 1, 3 collagen, fibronectin, elastin๊ณผ TGF-ฮฒ, Smad2/3, ERK1/2์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด Ethyl pyruvate ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•จ์„ western blot์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ, ์ผˆ๋กœ์ด๋“œ์—์„œ ์ž๊ฐ€ ํฌ์‹์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ , HMGB1์˜ ์–ต์ œ์ œ์ธ Ethyl pyruvate์˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ž๊ฐ€ ํฌ์‹์ด ์–ต์ œ๋˜๊ณ , ์„ธํฌ ์ž๋ฉธ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์„ฌ์œ ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด keloid์˜ ์–ต์ œ ๋ฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ์‘์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.open๋ฐ•

    Study on Method of Effective Employment Education in Vocational High Schools

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์‹ค์—…๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๊ต์˜ ์ทจ์—…์ง€๋„ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์—…๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๊ต๊ต์œก์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ธ ์ทจ์—…์ง€๋„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์—…๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๊ต ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ •์ƒํ™”์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•จ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ทจ์—…์ง€๋„ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์‹ค์—…๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๊ต์˜ ์ทจ์—…์ง€๋„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋™ํ–ฅ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์‹ค์—…๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๊ต ์ทจ์—…์ง€๋„์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” โ‘ ์‹ค์—…๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๊ต์ƒ์˜ ์ง„๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ ์ทจ์—…์˜์ง€ ์ธก๋ฉด, โ‘กํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ธก๋ฉด, โ‘ขํ˜„์žฅ์‹ค์Šต ์šด์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด, โ‘ฃ์ง์—…์ •๋ณด์ œ๊ณต ์ธก๋ฉด, โ‘ค๊ต์› ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ์ด๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์‹ค์—…๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๊ต์˜ ์ทจ์—…์ง€๋„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋„ท์งธ, ์‹ค์—…๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๊ต์˜ ์ทจ์—…์ง€๋„ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•œ๋‹ค.Announcing plans on the development of vocational high schools in Feb. 2000, the Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development (MOE) presented a new overall direction for vocational high school education of Korea. As a follow-up, Korea Research Institute for Vocational Education and Training(KRIVET) has been conducting researches in several areas to develop specific policies. Though the employment education has been one of key areas of vocational high school education for decades, it is getting less attention recently due to several reasons. Since the financial bailout program of IMF in 1997, deteriorating economic conditions have made it difficult for the graduates of vocational high schools to find a job, and revised college admission system for 2002 has made less number of graduates of vocational high schools to seek for a job. Nevertheless, as there are still many students who can not afford to enter a college due to economic reasons or who want to get a job instead of entering a college, employment education is still an important area for vocational high schools. This study intends to assess current conditions and identify issues regarding employment education of existing vocational high schools. It also seeks to develop improvement measures by conducting surveys on related people to analyze the needs. Based on a literature research, the study has interviewed officers of MOE, officers of municipal and provincial education offices, members of professional council of vocational high school teachers, and students of vocational high schools, and vocational counselors. Also, a mail survey has been conducted by randomly selecting 120 vocational high schools across the nation. Survey forms have been sent out to a total of 840 teachers, graduates and parents of the selected schools, and 688 surveys returned by the end of Jun. have been analyzed for the study. Current conditions and issues learned from the research regarding the employment education of vocational high schools are as follows: Comparing 1990, the number of graduates of vocational high schools in 2000 is decreasing for agricultural high schools, commercial high schools, and fisheries and marine high schools, while that of business high schools and industrial high schools is increasing. The number of vocational high school graduates who enter colleges is gradually increasing, while the number of those who find jobs is sharply decreasing from 1990. Comparing 1995, the overall number of vocational high school graduates who find a job is decreasing while those who go to a college is increasing in 2000. The trend is same for all types of vocational high schools - agricultural, commercial, industrial, fisheries and marine, and house-keeping high schools. In 2001, 57.7% of vocational high school graduates, or 94.8% of those who want to find a job, have been employed. By school types, house-keeping high schools records the highest employment rate with 98%, followed by fisheries and marine, 96.2%, industrial, 96.4% and commercial vocational high schools with 94.5%. Looking into employment education of vocational high schools in terms of building and operating a network for the employment education, most schools have an internet home page or are building one. However, not many schools have or are running a network for the employment education program. Regarding an on-the-j ob training program, though both teachers and students say that it is required to improve adaptation to field, obtain vocational information and seek future career, only part of students reply that they are well adapting to the OJT program, indicating that the program needs improvement. Overall, utilization of vocational information room is not active, average budget amount for employment education of vocational high schools is very low, and the budget to run the information room is not sufficient. Not many schools possess enough vocational data and information, while career information room and career counseling space are sufficient. Regarding employment education programs, vocational high schools do not have enough programs in terms of volume, lack comprehensive data, lack easy-to-use data, and have programs or contents that are old-fashioned. Seeing the aspect of counseling teachers, the number of dedicated teachers is higher compared to that of academic middle or high schools, but teachers of vocational high schools perceive vocational counseling only as a responsibility to which not much support is provided...์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์•ฝ โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ 3 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 3 4. ์šฉ์–ด์˜ ์ •์˜ 9 5. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ œํ•œ 10 โ…ก. ์‹ค์—…๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๊ต ์ทจ์—…์ง€๋„ ๊ด€๋ จ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 11 1. ์ทจ์—…์ง€๋„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ๋‚ด์šฉ 11 2. ์ทจ์—…์ง€๋„์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•  ์š”์ธ 13 3. ์‹ค์—…๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๊ต์˜ ์ทจ์—…์ง€๋„ 16 4. ์‹ค์—…๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๊ต์˜ ์ทจ์—…์ง€๋„ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 23 5. ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  28 โ…ข. ์‹ค์—…๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๊ต ์ทจ์—…์ง€๋„์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๋ฌธ์ œ 31 1. ์‹ค์—…๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๊ต ์กธ์—…์ƒ์˜ ์ทจ์—…์ถ”์ด 31 2. ์‹ค์—…๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๊ต์ƒ์˜ ์ง„๋กœ๋ฏธ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ ์ทจ์—…์˜์ง€ ๋ฏธ์•ฝ 36 3. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ธก๋ฉด 39 4. ์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋™ ์ธก๋ฉด 40 5. ์ง์—…์ •๋ณด ์ธก๋ฉด 43 6. ๊ต์› ์ธก๋ฉด 48 โ…ฃ. ์‹ค์—…๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๊ต์˜ ์ทจ์—…์ง€๋„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ… ๊ณผ์ œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๊ฒฌ 51 1. ์‹ค์—…๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๊ต ์ทจ์—…์ง€๋„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์—ฌ๊ฑด์กฐ์„ฑ 51 2. ์‹ค์—…๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๊ต์ƒ์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ ์ดํ•ด ์ธก๋ฉด 60 3. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ธก๋ฉด 61 4. ํ˜„์žฅ์‹ค์Šต๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ™” 70 5. ์ทจ์—…์ •๋ณด ์ œ๊ณต ์ธก๋ฉด 72 6. ๊ต์› ์ธก๋ฉด 80 7. ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์šฐ์„  ์ˆœ์œ„ 83 โ…ค. ์‹ค์—…๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๊ต์˜ ์ทจ์—…์ง€๋„ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 85 1. ์‹ค์—…๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๊ต ์ทจ์—…์ง€๋„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์—ฌ๊ฑด์กฐ์„ฑ 85 2. ์‹ค์—…๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๊ต์ƒ์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ ์ดํ•ด์™€ ์ทจ์—…์˜์ง€๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 91 3. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ธก๋ฉด 94 4. ์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ธก๋ฉด 103 5. ์ทจ์—…์ •๋ณด ์ œ๊ณต ์ธก๋ฉด 105 6. ๊ต์› ์ธก๋ฉด 110 7. ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ณ„ ์ถ”์ง„๊ณผ์ œ 115 โ…ฅ. ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 117 1. ์š”์•ฝ 117 2. ์ œ์–ธ 119 ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ—Œ 123 ABSTRACT 127 ๋ถ€ ๋ก 13

    Trends in Vocational Research in Major Developed Countries

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ์„ ์ง„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ง์—…์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋™ํ–ฅ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํŠน์ง•๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ง์—…์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ฃผ๋Š” ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ง์—…์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ช…๋ฃŒํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ฃผ์š” ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ ์ง์—…์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋™ํ–ฅ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฃผ์ฒด๋ณ„, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋‚ด์šฉ๋ณ„, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ฃผ์š” ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ ์ง์—…์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์ง์—…์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค.1. The purpose of this research is to grasp and compare the trends and differences of the vocational researches of foreign countries by examining the researches and studies on the same issues in the developed countries and to shed a light for the study on vocational issue in Korea. 2. The issues dealt in the study are not the ones regarding on not only vocational education and training. This is the study on vocational problems in the aspects of quantity and quality. The vocation in quantity includes the transition, prospects and categories of employment while that in quality suggests the workplace know-how and the duty to perform the job assigned. 3. Since 1946, the US have been publishing or have published in every two years, the employment prospects for the forthcoming 10 years with regard to about 250 job categories. The most recent one was published for the period of 1998-2008. The employment prospects forecast those of employees being increased, decreased, and those of drastic upswing or vice versa. The publication have presented the income, mental stress, physical strength required, growing potential, stability and working conditions of each employment depending on educational level. 4. The job classification in the US is based on the first edition of the employment directory published by the Department of Labor in 1939, which currently includes some 20,000 job categories. A new job classification system will be announced in 2001, in which about 350 jobs will be added anew to deal with the changing trend of the labor market in detail further. 5. For understanding of the job classification system in the US, there are OES (Occupational Employment Statistics) and O*NET (Occupational Information Network). O*NET contains an integrated employment information system in job classification, including job-seeking, vocational education and training. This will replace the existing employment directory and serve as a basis for sorting new job concepts. 6. The study on the basic workplace know-how has been mostly carried out by SCANS(Secretary's Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills) of the Department of Labor in the US. The basic workplace know-how was described in "A SCANS Report for America 2000" published in 1992, in which SCANS proposed "Learning a Living" to interact the workplace know-how with school education, and thereafter presented the concrete way to teach the basic workplace know-how in schools. The SCANS' undertaking has led to "School-to-Work" system, and related laws were enacted to support it. 7. For the study on employment in Germany, a subsidiary research institute of the Federal Employment Stability Bureau has organized the institute in cooperation with the government agencies related to vocational training and labor markets, along with private institutes and academic circles. It generally activates the research project on vocational education and training through the close cooperation of academic research, mutual share of information data and the exchange of research products on employment among the agencies concerned. 8. All research activities of the 10 programs in the Labor and Vocational Research Center place an importance of the basic research for employment and vocation, and emphasize the practical implementation of programs derived from the basic study. In particular, the 4th sector of employment and qualification programs evaluates the ever-changing trend of job categories pursuant to the changes of labor markets, its changing factors, the forecast of the changes and the new requirements of changing qualifications on a macro scale view. It also provides the information data for job consultation and employment placement with accurate supporting data as a practical method. In other words, the Labor and Occupation Research Center collects a wide range of information and processes it so to make the outcome of the employment study useful as practical benefits in labor offices in each district. 9. For describing the transition of job categories and its long-term forecast in the employment study in Germany, statistics is utilized to explain laborers' work performance of each occupational group. Unlike other countries, the words such as a growing industry or a sunset industry is seldom used in Germany. Certain work performance was defined important in the past during the transition of a certain job or the trend in change, and that, work performance could be changed to certain direction in the forecast on a long-term basis. This way of judgement is employed as the changing trend of all job categories in detail is not possibly explained. Especially, the changes of work performance in each occupational group and demand for labor are emphasized to deal with expected diversification of labor markets and vocational training programs. 10. The workplace know-how concept in Germany has been affirmed in PETRA(Project and Transfer oriented TRAining) plan prepared by the Ministry of Education and Science of the federal government. The plan was designed to cultivate the talents necessary for new requirements as scientific technology and new processing skills in the manufacturing sector are rapidly changing. 11. Japan has been publishing the employment prospective since 1986.The Labor Policy Bureau of the Ministry of Labor has viewed a long-term labor demand and supply structure for the year 2005 and the Training Institute for Administration of Labor has drawn the similar view for the year 2010. In these views, presented are the job categories that anticipate a high growth of employment and a rapid increase of employment in hightech sectors, or those that expect decrease of employment. The Planning Bureau of the Economic Planning Agency has indicated the modified work performance in the employment of restructuring industries and the working capacity required during the transition. 12. We can find some suggestions through the analysis of foreign countries' job researches. Above all more emphasis should be focused on basic job research, because if we had more information on job trend, then we can show vision on job to peoples. 13. In Korea we need regular long term job prospects. The job forecast was made not from statistical analysis but from comments made by economists, industrial prospects of economical and financial organizations. So we must emphasize on job prospect research especially in forecast methods. 14. In contrast to rapid job change in Korea, the job classification system has not followed yet. Therefore, there were some mismatch problem between real job world and job classification. We need more research in job classification and regular compensation should be made. 15. In America, there were large scale surveys made to find job requirements. We must have more information in jobs so there must be researches on job requirements especially for maintaining and developing in job. 16. To strengthen the job research function, government should invest more and to make good mechanism system. Also the research institute should make efforts to make good quality reports to fulfill the peoples' need.์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์•ฝ โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋‚ด์šฉ 2 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 3 4. ์ง์—…์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •์˜ 3 โ…ก. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ง์—…์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋™ํ–ฅ 9 1. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ง์—…๋ณ„ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 9 2. ์ง์—…์ „๋ง 10 3. ์ง์—…๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ 22 4. ์ง์—…๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ 29 5. ์ง์—…์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋‚ด์šฉ 29 โ…ข. ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ์ง์—…์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋™ํ–ฅ 33 1. ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ์ง์—… ํ™œ๋™ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 33 2. ์ง์—…์ „๋ง 35 3. ์ง์—…๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ 42 4. ์ง์—…๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ 46 5. ์ง์—…์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€ 47 โ…ฃ. ๋…์ผ์˜ ์ง์—…์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋™ํ–ฅ 49 1. ๋…์ผ์˜ ์ง์—…ํ™œ๋™ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 49 2. ์ง์—…์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜์™€ ์ฃผ์ฒด 50 3. ์ง์—…์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ 55 4. ์ง์—…์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 59 5. ์ง์—…์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์˜ˆ์ธก์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 61 6. ์ง์—…์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹ค์ œ 62 โ…ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ง์—…์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ฃผ๋Š” ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  81 1. ์ง์—…์ „๋ง ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•ํ™” 82 2. ์ง์—…๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์˜ ์žฌ์ฒด๊ณ„ํ™” 83 3. ์ง์—…๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•ํ™” 89 4. ์ง์—…์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์กฐ์„ฑ 90 โ…ฅ. ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 93 ์ฐธ ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ ํ—Œ 99 ABSTRACT 107 ๋ถ€ ๋ก 11

    ์ž…ํ•™์‚ฌ์ •๊ด€ ์ œ๋„์˜ ๋„์ž…๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ณผ์ œ

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    โ—‹ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ž…์‹œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ •์‹œ์™€ ์ˆ˜์‹œ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ƒ ์œ ์น˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜์‹œ๋ชจ์ง‘ ๋น„์œจ์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 2011ํ•™๋…„๋„ ์ž…์‹œ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ตœ๋Œ€์ธ 60.8%๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ก - ์ˆ˜์‹œ๋ชจ์ง‘ ์„ ๋ฐœ ์ธ์›์€ 2005ํ•™๋…„ 44%, 2007ํ•™๋…„ 51.5%, 2009ํ•™๋…„ 56.7%, 2011ํ•™๋…„ 60.8%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ โ—‹ ์ˆ˜์‹œ๋ชจ์ง‘์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ 6๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ์ค‘ ์ž…ํ•™์‚ฌ์ •๊ด€ ์ „ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์ฃผ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ. - ์ž…ํ•™์‚ฌ์ •๊ด€ ์ „ํ˜•์€ ํ•™์—… ์„ฑ์ ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ, ์—ด์ •, ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ, ๋ด‰์‚ฌํ™œ๋™ ๋“ฑ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ˆจ์€ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ค‘์ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ, ์„œ๋ฅ˜ํ‰๊ฐ€์™€ ์‹ฌ์ธต๋ฉด์ ‘์ด ์ฃผ๋œ ์„ ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์‹œ๋ชจ์ง‘์ธ์› ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์ž…ํ•™์‚ฌ์ •๊ด€์ „ํ˜•์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ธ์›์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ. - 2010ํ•™๋…„๋„ 90๊ฐœ ๋Œ€ํ•™ 24,622๋ช…(์ „์ฒด์˜ 6.5%) ์„ ๋ฐœ, 2011ํ•™๋…„๋„์—๋Š” 105๊ฐœ ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ 37,628๋ช…(๋ชจ์ง‘์ธ์›์˜ 9.9%)์„ ์„ ๋ฐœํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์ž„. โ—‹ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ž…ํ•™์‚ฌ์ •๊ด€ ์ œ๋„ ๋„์ž…์ด ์ผ์„ ํ•™๊ต๊ต์œก๊ณผ ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์†Œ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ. - ์ด์— ๋ณธ๊ณ ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž…ํ•™์‚ฌ์ •๊ด€ ์ œ๋„ ๋„์ž…์ด ํ•™๊ต๊ต์œก์— ๋ฏธ์นœ ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก์ง€์›์ฒด์ œ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ฃผ์ฒด๋ณ„ ์—ญํ• ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•จ. โ… . ๋Œ€ํ•™์ž…์‹œ์™€ ๊ณ ๊ต์ž…์‹œ์—์„œ ์ž…ํ•™์‚ฌ์ •๊ด€ ์ „ํ˜• ํ™•๋Œ€์™€ ๊ณผ์ œ โ…ก. ์ž…ํ•™์‚ฌ์ •๊ด€ ์ œ๋„ ๋„์ž…์ด ํ•™๊ต๊ต์œก์— ๋ฏธ์นœ ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก์ง€์›์ฒด์ œ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ โ…ข. ์ž…ํ•™์‚ฌ์ •๊ด€ ์ œ๋„ ๋„์ž…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก ์ง€์›์ฒด์ œ๊ตฌ์ถ•์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ œ 1. ํ•™์ƒ๋ถ€๊ธฐ๋ก ์ฒ ์ €๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ์ œ๊ณ  2. ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๋“ฑ ๊ฐ์ข… ์„œ๋ฅ˜ ์ž‘์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ก ์ฒ ์ € 3. ํ•™์ƒ๊ณผ ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์œก ๊ฐ•ํ™” 4. ์ง„๋กœ๊ด€๋ จ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€ ์ƒ๋‹ด ๊ฐ•ํ™” 5. ๊ฐ์ข… ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋„์ž…์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ต ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™” 6. ๊ฐ์ข… ์ž…์‹œ์ •๋ณด์ œ๊ณต ๊ฐ•ํ™” 7. ์ง„ํ•™์ง€์› ์ฒด์ œ ๊ตฌ์ถ• โ…ฃ. ์ž…ํ•™์‚ฌ์ •๊ด€์ œ๋„ ๋„์ž…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ•™์ƒ, ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ, ๊ต์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ฃผ์ฒด๋ณ„ ์—ญํ•  ๋ฐ ๊ณผ์ œ 1. ์ž…ํ•™์‚ฌ์ •๊ด€ ์ „ํ˜• ํ™•๋Œ€์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๊ณผ ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์—ญํ•  ๋ฐ ๊ณผ์ œ 2. ์ž…ํ•™์‚ฌ์ •๊ด€ ์ „ํ˜• ํ™•๋Œ€์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์—ญํ•  ๋ฐ ๊ณผ์ œ 3. ์ž…ํ•™์‚ฌ์ •๊ด€ ์ „ํ˜• ํ™•๋Œ€์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™๊ต์˜ ์—ญํ•  ๋ฐ ๊ณผ์ œ 4. ์ž…ํ•™์‚ฌ์ •๊ด€ ์ „ํ˜• ํ™•๋Œ€์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์—ญํ•  ๋ฐ ๊ณผ์ œ โ…ค. ๋งบ๋Š”

    Research on Creation of New Jobs in Korea through Job Analysis in Advanced Countries

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ง์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ง์—… ์ „๋ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ชจ์Šต์„ ์ „๋งํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์™€ ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ง์—…์ „๋ง์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์‹ ๊ทœ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ง์—…์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์™€ ์ผ๋ณธ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ง์—…์‚ฌ์ „์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์™ธ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—๋Š” ์—†๋Š” ์ง์—…์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์— ๋„์ž… ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ง์—…์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ์„ธํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.The purpose of this study is to contribute to the creation of new jobs in Korea through the analysis of jobs in various advanced countries. To achieve the goals of this study, theoretical studies on changes in occupational structures and career prospects for the future were envisioned. Factors affecting changes in occupational structure varies, but the most important factor is the change in industrial structure due to an economic development as well as a technological development. Therefore, considering these advanced countries and their occupational structure to analyze and gauge the future occupational structure of our country is appropriate in the present. The future occupational structure will change to extent that careers will undergo a โ€œjob revolutionโ€ due to the changing social structure and new technology. The concept of a permanent or lifetime jobs no longer pertains; instead temporary jobs will increase and information technology-based employment systems, such as telecommuting will spread. The United States Department of Labor carries out a large scale survey every two years to forecast future jobs by looking at the economic growth, industrial production, and employment and career resources over the past 10 years. According to this survey, one out of the four new jobs in the U.S. will be education and health care service sector jobs. In addition, depending on job placement and career management services, related occupations will emerge or expand. Also, depending on the spread of Internet services, Internet publishing and web portal data is expected to emerge. Europe regards the growth in dependent population ratio ('08 26% โ†’ '30 38% predicted) as an important task and predicts the care, treatment and services for elders to be one of the largest job-creating industries. Jobs in this sector are so called, โ€œwhite jobs.โ€ By 2020, depending on economic globalization, virtual services using robots and artificial intelligence will bring about more jobs. Jobs from the past will continue to exist but changes in jobs will require something new. The Australian Government through the โ€œNew Jobs 2010 Report,โ€ forecasted Australiaโ€™s present and future industry and employment. Despite the recent global recess, Australia has experienced an employment growth of over 1.2 million jobs over the past five years and have created new jobs (or seen an employment growth) in almost every industry. Through Comparison in Koreaโ€™s and other developed countriesโ€™ occupational structure, new jobs with potential in Korea were examined. As a representative of advanced foreign countries, the U.S. and Japan were selected to compare the details in the list of standard occupational classifications. Japanโ€™s standard occupation classification system had many similarities to Koreaโ€™s, but the most distinct difference was that jobs in managing and controlling manufacturing facilities and machine assembly facilities and jobs in the assembly line were classified as two different categories. In contrast, the manufacturing and machine assembly facilities in Korea were managed and controlled by those who were already working as assembly line workers. Manufacturing workers and inspection staff exist also in Korea, but the two roles are not classified as a separate job entries. Jobs in the United States, compared to Korea and Japan are much more diverse and subdivided. For example, financial professionals such as compliance officers, cost estimation experts, capital fundraisers, compensation/benefits and job analysis specialists, budget specialists, do not exist in Korea but do in the U.S. South Korea's occupational classification system should consider a more thorough system taking into consideration the changes in jobs. It is expected that Koreaโ€™s new jobs will most likely be found in careers in service and related industries. From generalizing the outcomes of standard occupation classification systems of Korea, the U.S. and Japan, refinement and specialization of duties of various jobs is expected to contribute to the creation of new ones.์š”์•ฝ ์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋‚ด์šฉ 3 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 3 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ œํ•œ 4 ์ œ2์žฅ ์ง์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ณ€๋™๊ณผ ์ „๋ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 5 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์ง์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ 5 1. ์ „์žยท์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „ 6 2. ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ 7 3. ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ฐธ์—ฌ ํ™•๋Œ€ 8 4. ์œ ์—”๋ฏธ๋ž˜ํฌ๋Ÿผ์—์„œ ์ง€์ ํ•œ ์š”์ธ๋“ค 8 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ง์—… 11 ์ œ3์ ˆ 21์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ผ: ์ด์ค‘๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ์ง€์† 13 1. ํ˜์‹ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ 14 2. ์ฃผ๋ณ€์  ๋ถ€๋ฌธ 15 3. ์ง์—…๊ตฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 16 ์ œ4์ ˆ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ง์—… ๊ณ ์šฉํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 17 1. ๊ธฐ์—… ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์•ฝํ™” 18 2. ๋ถˆ์™„์ „๊ณ ์šฉ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ 18 3. ์žฌํƒ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€ 19 ์ œ5์ ˆ ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 20 ์ œ3์žฅ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ง์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 23 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ณ ์šฉ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 23 1. ๋Œ€๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ์ง์—…๋ณ„ ๋ณ€ํ™” 23 2. ์„ฑ๋ณ„ ๋ณ€ํ™” 25 3. ์ข…์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ง€์œ„๋ณ„ ๋ณ€ํ™” 26 4. ์—ฐ๋ น๋ณ„ ๋ณ€ํ™” 27 5. ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์†Œ๋“์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณ€ํ™” 28 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๊ตญ์ œ์ง์—…๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์ฒด๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์™€ ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ง์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ 30 1. ๊ตญ์ œํ‘œ์ค€์ง์—…๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„ 30 2. ํ•œ๊ตญํ‘œ์ค€์ง์—…๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„ 32 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 34 ์ œ4์žฅ ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ง์—… ์ „๋ง 39 ์ œ1์ ˆ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ 39 1. ๊ฐœ์š” 39 2. ์‚ฐ์—…ยท๊ณ ์šฉ ํŠธ๋ Œ๋“œ 40 3. ์œก์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  45 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ 50 1. ๊ฐœ์š” 50 2. ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ „๋ง 50 3. ๊ณ ์šฉ ํŠธ๋ Œ๋“œ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  52 ์ œ3์ ˆ EU 56 1. ๊ฐœ์š” 56 2. ์ฃผ์š” ๋‚ด์šฉ 57 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 73 ์ œ5์žฅ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์ง์—…๊ณผ ์‹ ๊ทœ์ฐฝ์ถœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์ง์—… 77 ์ œ1์ ˆ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์œ ๋ง์ง์ข… 77 1. ํ•œ๊ตญ์ง์—…์ „๋ง์„œ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก 77 2. ํ•œ๊ตญ๋…ธ๋™์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก 79 3. ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‹ ์ง€์‹์ธ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก 80 4. ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณ ์šฉ์ •๋ณด์›์˜ ์ฐจ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์ง์—… 55๊ฐœ 80 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ์˜ ์‹ ๊ทœ์ฐฝ์ถœ์ง์—…์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 82 1. ์ง„๋ฏธ์„(2002)์˜ ์—ฌํ•™์ƒ ์ง„๋กœ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์œ ๋ง์ง์—…์—ฐ๊ตฌ 82 2. ์ตœ์˜์ˆœ ์™ธ(2008)์˜ ํ•ด์™ธ์ง์—…์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ ์ฐฝ์ถœ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 84 3. ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ธฐํšํ‰๊ฐ€์›์˜ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ถ„์•ผ ์‹ ์ง์—…๊ตฐ 87 4. ํ•œ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ ์ง์—…์ „๋ง(2010) 88 5. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ž์›/๋…น์ƒ‰์ง์—… ๊ด€๋ จ ์‹ ์ƒ์ง์—… 93 6. Peterson(2002); Sparling(2006)์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‹ ์ข…์ง์—… 93 7. ๋ฐ•์˜์ˆ™์ด ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‹ ์ข…์ง์—… 97 ์ œ6์žฅ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ์ง์—…๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์‹ ๊ทœ์ฐฝ์ถœ์ง์—… ์ถ”์ถœ 99 ์ œ1์ ˆ ํ•œยท๋ฏธยท์ผ ํ‘œ์ค€์ง์—…๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๋น„๊ต 99 1. ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ง์—…๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ์ง์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ 99 ๊ฐ€. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ 100 ๋‚˜. ์ผ๋ณธ 101 2. ๋น„๊ต ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 101 3. ๋น„๊ต ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 102 ๊ฐ€. ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ํŠน์ง• 102 ๋‚˜. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ํŠน์ง• 103 ๋‹ค. ์ง์—… ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณ„๋กœ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ง์—…์ด ์กด์žฌํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ 111 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ๋„์ž… ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ง์—… 112 1. ์„ ํƒ๋œ ์ง์—… 112 2. ์ง์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ์„ธํ™” 123 ์ œ7์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  125 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์š”์•ฝ 125 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ์š” 125 2. ์ง์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์ง์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ „๋ง 126 3. ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์ง์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ „๋ง 126 4. ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ฐฝ์ถœ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋”์šฑ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋  ์ง์—… 127 ๊ฐ€. ํ˜ธ์ฃผ 127 ๋‚˜. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ 127 ๋‹ค. ์œ ๋Ÿฝ 129 5. ์ง์—…๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์‹ ๊ทœ์ฐฝ์ถœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์ง์—… ๋ถ„์„ 130 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  133 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์ •์ฑ…์ œ์–ธ 136 SUMMARY 137 ๋ถ€๋ก 141 ใ€”๋ถ€๋ก1ใ€•๋ธํŒŒ์ด ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์„ค๋ฌธ 143 ใ€”๋ถ€๋ก2ใ€•์‹ ๊ทœ์ฐฝ์ถœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ง์—… ์ƒ์„ธ 153 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 16

    ์ „๊ธฐ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌํ•œ ์‹คํฌ ํ”ผ๋ธŒ๋กœ์ธ / ๋ชจ์ง ์ผ€๋ผํ† ์ฆˆ (50/50) ์ง€์ง€์ฒด์—์„œ ์•„๋ฅด๊ณค ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ

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    Dept. of Medicine/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์ฒœ์—ฐ ํด๋ฆฌ๋จธ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ์‹คํฌ๋Š” ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์ƒ์ฒด์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ณต๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์ด๊ณ  ์ž์—ฐ์  ๋ถ„ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์„ฌ์œ ์งˆ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๋กœ์จ ์ง๋ฌผ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ์กฐ์ง๊ณตํ•™์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ 3์ฐจ์› ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ์ง€์ง€์ฒด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ์ง€์ง€์ฒด๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์ ์ธ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์„ฌ์œ ์ƒ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์„ธํฌ ์™ธ ๊ธฐ์งˆ์˜ ๊ต์›์งˆ ์„ฌ์œ ์ƒ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ์•„์ฃผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์„ฌ์œ ์ƒ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ์ง€์ง€์ฒด์— ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•ด, ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณด๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์ด์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฅด๊ณค ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ๋Š” ์•ฝํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์ธต์„ ์—†์• ๊ณ , ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์ ‘์ฐฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ์น ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ‘œ๋ฉด ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ๊ต์ฐจ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ, ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ์˜ค์—ผ์ œ๊ฑฐ, ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์œ ๋ž˜ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์ œ๊ฑฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์šฉ๋„๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด์™”๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ์•„๋ฅด๊ณค ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์Šค์บํด๋“œ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด๊ฐœ์งˆ์—๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”, ์‹คํฌ ํ”ผ๋ธŒ๋กœ์ธ๊ณผ ์ด์˜ ๋‹จ์ ์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชจ์ง ์ผ€๋ผํ† ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ 50:50์œผ๋กœ ์„ž์–ด ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ 3์ฐจ์›๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์„ฌ์œ ์ƒ ์ง€์ง€์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ์•„๋ฅด๊ณค ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‘œ๋ฉด๊ฑฐ์น ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚จ ์Šค์บํด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ „์ฒ˜์น˜ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์Šค์บํด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ๋ฌผ์ ‘์ด‰๊ฐ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์นœ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ณจ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋ถ„ํ™”์™€ ์ฆ์‹ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธ€๋ผ์ด์ฝ”์Šค์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์นธ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ง€์ง€์ฒด์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ „์žํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์„ธ๊ณต์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํ˜•ํƒœ ๋˜ํ•œ ์›ํ†ตํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์นœ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์—ฐ๊ณจ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋” ์ž˜ ์ƒ์ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋” ์ž˜ ์ฆ์‹๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์—ฐ๊ณจํ˜•์„ฑ์˜ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธ€๋ผ์ด์ฝ”์Šค์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์นธ ์—ญ์‹œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค๋กœ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌํ•œ ์‹คํฌ ํ”ผ๋ธŒ๋กœ์ธ/๋ชจ์ง ์ผ€๋ผํ† ์ฆˆ ์ง€์ง€์ฒด๋ฅผ ์•„๋ฅด๊ณค ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ๋กœ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ณจ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ฆ์‹๊ณผ ๋ถ„ํ™”์— ๋” ์ข‹์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์คŒ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ถ”ํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ณจ ์กฐ์ง ๊ณตํ•™์— ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค [์˜๋ฌธ] Silk fibroin (SF) is a naturally occurring degradable fibrous protein with unique mechanical properties, excellent biocompatibility and processability. It has demonstrated strong potential for skeletal tissue engineering. Recent studies have mostly focused on nanofibrous SF (NSF) as a novel chondrogenic scaffold since its structure is very similar to collagen fibrous structure derived from natural extracellular matrix (ECM). However, less attention has been paid to the surface modification of NSF scaffold by microwave-induced argon plasma. Argon plasma has been used in many applications, such as pretreatment for plasma-induced grafting, crosslinking surface macromolecules, removal of contamination on the surface, and ablation of material from the surface to remove a weak boundary layer and increase surface roughness for better adhesion. The present study was based on the hypothesis that a treatment of 3-D silk fibroin/wool keratose scaffold (SF/WK scaffold) by microwave-induced argon plasma would improve chondrogenic cell growth and new cartilage-specific ECM formation. It was found that plasma treatment could induce an essential modification on the surface of electrospun SF/WK scaffold. After argon plasma treatment, higher hydrophilicity of SF/WK scaffold was characterized by static water contact angle. Scanning electron microscopy showed that argon plasma treated SF/WK scaffold had larger pores of size and cylindrical shape whereas non-treated SF/WK scaffold had smaller pores of size and inverted conical shaped pores. The attachment and proliferation of normal human articular chondrocytes on the surface-modified SF/WK scaffold were significantly increased with a concomitant increase in the glycosaminoglycan synthesis. These results suggest that the porous SF/WK scaffold treated with microwave-induced plasma may be effective in enhancing the cellular behavior and chondrogenic differentiation of chondrocytes and have a further potential to be used in cartilage tissue engineering.ope

    (A)Study of regulations on financial holding companies with focus on U.S. legislation

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ฒ•๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๋ฒ•ํ•™๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฒ•์ „๊ณต,2002.Docto

    [๊ณ ์šฉ๋™ํ–ฅ] 50๋Œ€์˜ ๊ณ ์šฉ๊ตฌ์กฐ

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    ์ตœ๊ทผ ์šฐ์Šค๊ฐœ๋กœโ€˜์‚ฌ์˜ค์ •โ€™, โ€˜์˜ค๋ฅ™๋„โ€™, โ€˜์œก์ด์˜คโ€™๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์ด ์œ ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 45์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋…„์ด์š”, 56์„ธ๊นŒ์ง€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋„๋‘‘์ด๋ฉฐ, 62์„ธ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ผํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜ค์ (ไบ”่ณŠ)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋งŒํผ 50๋Œ€์˜ ๊ณ ์šฉ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” 50๋Œ€์˜ ๊ณ ์šฉ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค

    Research on Creation of New Jobs in Korea through Job Analysis in Advanced Countries

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ง์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ง์—… ์ „๋ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ชจ์Šต์„ ์ „๋งํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์™€ ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ง์—…์ „๋ง์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์‹ ๊ทœ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ง์—…์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์™€ ์ผ๋ณธ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ง์—…์‚ฌ์ „์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์™ธ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—๋Š” ์—†๋Š” ์ง์—…์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์— ๋„์ž… ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ง์—…์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ์„ธํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.The purpose of this study is to contribute to the creation of new jobs in Korea through the analysis of jobs in various advanced countries. To achieve the goals of this study, theoretical studies on changes in occupational structures and career prospects for the future were envisioned. Factors affecting changes in occupational structure varies, but the most important factor is the change in industrial structure due to an economic development as well as a technological development. Therefore, considering these advanced countries and their occupational structure to analyze and gauge the future occupational structure of our country is appropriate in the present. The future occupational structure will change to extent that careers will undergo a โ€œjob revolutionโ€ due to the changing social structure and new technology. The concept of a permanent or lifetime jobs no longer pertainsinstead temporary jobs will increase and information technology-based employment systems, such as telecommuting will spread. The United States Department of Labor carries out a large scale survey every two years to forecast future jobs by looking at the economic growth, industrial production, and employment and career resources over the past 10 years. According to this survey, one out of the four new jobs in the U.S. will be education and health care service sector jobs. In addition, depending on job placement and career management services, related occupations will emerge or expand. Also, depending on the spread of Internet services, Internet publishing and web portal data is expected to emerge. Europe regards the growth in dependent population ratio ('08 26% โ†’ '30 38% predicted) as an important task and predicts the care, treatment and services for elders to be one of the largest job-creating industries. Jobs in this sector are so called, โ€œwhite jobs.โ€ By 2020, depending on economic globalization, virtual services using robots and artificial intelligence will bring about more jobs. Jobs from the past will continue to exist but changes in jobs will require something new. The Australian Government through the โ€œNew Jobs 2010 Report,โ€ forecasted Australiaโ€™s present and future industry and employment. Despite the recent global recess, Australia has experienced an employment growth of over 1.2 million jobs over the past five years and have created new jobs (or seen an employment growth) in almost every industry. Through Comparison in Koreaโ€™s and other developed countriesโ€™ occupational structure, new jobs with potential in Korea were examined. As a representative of advanced foreign countries, the U.S. and Japan were selected to compare the details in the list of standard occupational classifications. Japanโ€™s standard occupation classification system had many similarities to Koreaโ€™s, but the most distinct difference was that jobs in managing and controlling manufacturing facilities and machine assembly facilities and jobs in the assembly line were classified as two different categories. In contrast, the manufacturing and machine assembly facilities in Korea were managed and controlled by those who were already working as assembly line workers. Manufacturing workers and inspection staff exist also in Korea, but the two roles are not classified as a separate job entries. Jobs in the United States, compared to Korea and Japan are much more diverse and subdivided. For example, financial professionals such as compliance officers, cost estimation experts, capital fundraisers, compensation/benefits and job analysis specialists, budget specialists, do not exist in Korea but do in the U.S. South Korea's occupational classification system should consider a more thorough system taking into consideration the changes in jobs. It is expected that Koreaโ€™s new jobs will most likely be found in careers in service and related industries. From generalizing the outcomes of standard occupation classification systems of Korea, the U.S. and Japan, refinement and specialization of duties of various jobs is expected to contribute to the creation of new ones.์š”์•ฝ ์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋‚ด์šฉ 3 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 3 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ œํ•œ 4 ์ œ2์žฅ ์ง์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ณ€๋™๊ณผ ์ „๋ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 5 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์ง์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ 5 1. ์ „์žยท์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „ 6 2. ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ 7 3. ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ฐธ์—ฌ ํ™•๋Œ€ 8 4. ์œ ์—”๋ฏธ๋ž˜ํฌ๋Ÿผ์—์„œ ์ง€์ ํ•œ ์š”์ธ๋“ค 8 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ง์—… 11 ์ œ3์ ˆ 21์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ผ: ์ด์ค‘๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ์ง€์† 13 1. ํ˜์‹ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ 14 2. ์ฃผ๋ณ€์  ๋ถ€๋ฌธ 15 3. ์ง์—…๊ตฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 16 ์ œ4์ ˆ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ง์—… ๊ณ ์šฉํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 17 1. ๊ธฐ์—… ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์•ฝํ™” 18 2. ๋ถˆ์™„์ „๊ณ ์šฉ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ 18 3. ์žฌํƒ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€ 19 ์ œ5์ ˆ ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 20 ์ œ3์žฅ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ง์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 23 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ณ ์šฉ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 23 1. ๋Œ€๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ์ง์—…๋ณ„ ๋ณ€ํ™” 23 2. ์„ฑ๋ณ„ ๋ณ€ํ™” 25 3. ์ข…์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ง€์œ„๋ณ„ ๋ณ€ํ™” 26 4. ์—ฐ๋ น๋ณ„ ๋ณ€ํ™” 27 5. ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์†Œ๋“์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณ€ํ™” 28 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๊ตญ์ œ์ง์—…๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์ฒด๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์™€ ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ง์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ 30 1. ๊ตญ์ œํ‘œ์ค€์ง์—…๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„ 30 2. ํ•œ๊ตญํ‘œ์ค€์ง์—…๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„ 32 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 34 ์ œ4์žฅ ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ง์—… ์ „๋ง 39 ์ œ1์ ˆ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ 39 1. ๊ฐœ์š” 39 2. ์‚ฐ์—…ยท๊ณ ์šฉ ํŠธ๋ Œ๋“œ 40 3. ์œก์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  45 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ 50 1. ๊ฐœ์š” 50 2. ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ „๋ง 50 3. ๊ณ ์šฉ ํŠธ๋ Œ๋“œ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  52 ์ œ3์ ˆ EU 56 1. ๊ฐœ์š” 56 2. ์ฃผ์š” ๋‚ด์šฉ 57 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 73 ์ œ5์žฅ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์ง์—…๊ณผ ์‹ ๊ทœ์ฐฝ์ถœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์ง์—… 77 ์ œ1์ ˆ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์œ ๋ง์ง์ข… 77 1. ํ•œ๊ตญ์ง์—…์ „๋ง์„œ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก 77 2. ํ•œ๊ตญ๋…ธ๋™์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก 79 3. ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‹ ์ง€์‹์ธ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก 80 4. ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณ ์šฉ์ •๋ณด์›์˜ ์ฐจ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์ง์—… 55๊ฐœ 80 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ์˜ ์‹ ๊ทœ์ฐฝ์ถœ์ง์—…์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 82 1. ์ง„๋ฏธ์„(2002)์˜ ์—ฌํ•™์ƒ ์ง„๋กœ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์œ ๋ง์ง์—…์—ฐ๊ตฌ 82 2. ์ตœ์˜์ˆœ ์™ธ(2008)์˜ ํ•ด์™ธ์ง์—…์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ ์ฐฝ์ถœ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 84 3. ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ธฐํšํ‰๊ฐ€์›์˜ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ถ„์•ผ ์‹ ์ง์—…๊ตฐ 87 4. ํ•œ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ ์ง์—…์ „๋ง(2010) 88 5. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ž์›/๋…น์ƒ‰์ง์—… ๊ด€๋ จ ์‹ ์ƒ์ง์—… 93 6. Peterson(2002)Sparling(2006)์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‹ ์ข…์ง์—… 93 7. ๋ฐ•์˜์ˆ™์ด ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‹ ์ข…์ง์—… 97 ์ œ6์žฅ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ์ง์—…๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์‹ ๊ทœ์ฐฝ์ถœ์ง์—… ์ถ”์ถœ 99 ์ œ1์ ˆ ํ•œยท๋ฏธยท์ผ ํ‘œ์ค€์ง์—…๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๋น„๊ต 99 1. ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ง์—…๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ์ง์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ 99 ๊ฐ€. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ 100 ๋‚˜. ์ผ๋ณธ 101 2. ๋น„๊ต ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 101 3. ๋น„๊ต ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 102 ๊ฐ€. ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ํŠน์ง• 102 ๋‚˜. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ํŠน์ง• 103 ๋‹ค. ์ง์—… ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณ„๋กœ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ง์—…์ด ์กด์žฌํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ 111 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ๋„์ž… ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ง์—… 112 1. ์„ ํƒ๋œ ์ง์—… 112 2. ์ง์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ์„ธํ™” 123 ์ œ7์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  125 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์š”์•ฝ 125 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ์š” 125 2. ์ง์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์ง์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ „๋ง 126 3. ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์ง์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ „๋ง 126 4. ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ฐฝ์ถœ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋”์šฑ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋  ์ง์—… 127 ๊ฐ€. ํ˜ธ์ฃผ 127 ๋‚˜. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ 127 ๋‹ค. ์œ ๋Ÿฝ 129 5. ์ง์—…๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์‹ ๊ทœ์ฐฝ์ถœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์ง์—… ๋ถ„์„ 130 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  133 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์ •์ฑ…์ œ์–ธ 136 SUMMARY 137 ๋ถ€๋ก 141 ใ€”๋ถ€๋ก1ใ€•๋ธํŒŒ์ด ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์„ค๋ฌธ 143 ใ€”๋ถ€๋ก2ใ€•์‹ ๊ทœ์ฐฝ์ถœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ง์—… ์ƒ์„ธ 153 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 16
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