不同生长发育阶段木麻黄农田防护林的防风效应

为了探讨农田防护林的防风效果,2006年11月对东山岛单条木麻黄农田防护林带和两条林带内外区域的风速进行了测定。结果表明:农田防护林内外风速呈抛物线状变化,最小值出现在单条林带后10h处,两条林带后15h处,距离后移了5h,而且风速值在逐渐降低。空间表面图为波浪状曲面,等值线分布比较均一,弯曲不大,中间出现一些小的闭合区域。国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD03A14-01);; 福建省重大科技专项(2006NZ0001-2

Rhizosphere Soil Chemical Properties and Enzyme Activities of Multi-rotation Casuarina Equisetifolia Plantation

在福建省东山县滨海沙地,对连栽条件下木麻黄林地根际和非根际土壤化学性质和酶活性进行了对比研究。结果表明:二代木麻黄林的根际和非根际土壤PH值均小于一代林,表明木麻黄连栽引起根际土壤酸化;根际土壤有机质、CEC值、水解性总酸度、全氮、水解氮、速效钾、交换性Mg2+和CA2+含量随着木麻黄连栽而降低,且心土层(20~40CM)差异更大,但土壤全磷、全钾变化不大;与一代林相比,二代木麻黄根际土壤磷酸酶和过氧化物酶活性减弱,多酚氧化酶活性增大,脲酶无明显变化。第二代木麻黄林地根际土壤养分的消耗、生物活性的降低和有毒物质的累积等,可能造成土壤肥力衰退,林木生长受阻。The comparative trial was conducted to study the chemical properties and enzyme activities of the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil supporting the first and second generation Casuarina equisetifolia plantation on coastal sand at Dongshan County of Fujian Province.The results showed that the pH value in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil in the second generation plantation was lower than the first generation plantation,indicating that the multi-rotation plantation increased the acidity of rhizosphere soil.The contents of organic matter,CEC,Hydrolytic acidity,total N,Hydrolytic N,available K,exchange Mg2+ and Ca2+ in rhizosphere soil of second generation plantation was also lower than that of the first generation,and the difference in 20～40cm depth of soil was obvious,but there was no significant difference for total P and total K.Compared with the first generation,the activities of phosphataese and peroxidase in rhizosphere soil of second generation were decreased,while the activities of polyphenol oxidase were increased,but there was no obvious change on activity of urease.The soil fertility would decline and forest growth decrease in multi-rotation Casuarina equisetifolia plantation,due to the soil nutrient consumption,biochemical activity reduction and toxic substance accumulation.国家自然科学基金项目(41176092);国家“十一五”科技支撑计划(2009BADB2B0302);国家林业局南方山地用材林培育重点实验室、福建省森林培育与林产品加工利用重点实验室资助项

Rhizosphere Soil Nutrient and Enzyme Activity in Mixed Forest of Casurina Equisetifolia and Pinus elliotti

对木麻黄湿地松混交林的根际土壤养分及酶活性进行测定,结果表明:混交林根际与非根际土壤pH值均呈下降,加剧了土壤酸化。速效钾除外,混交林中木麻黄根际各种矿质养分含量都小于对应的纯林;土壤阳离子交换总量减小,土壤营养贮量和养分供应能力有所下降。多酚氧化酶除外,根际土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、过氧化物酶活性混交林中小于纯林。混交后木麻黄在促进湿地松生长的同时可能对自身的生长不利,在沿海沙地营造木麻黄湿地松混交林,两树种均对土壤养分的过量索取可能会加剧地力的退化。Soil chemical properties and biochemical activities between the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil in different stands of Casuarina equisetifolia was researched.The chief results are as follows:the pH value in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil of mixed stand went down and the soil acidification increased.Except for available K,the contents of mineral nutrient in the rhizosphere soil of mixed stand were lower than those of pure C.equisetifolia stand.In C.equisetifolia-P.elliotti mixed plantation,CEC minished,nutrient-holding and providing capacities of soil was diclined.Uresese,phosphataese and peroxidase of rhizosphere soil in mixed stand were less active than those in pure C.equisetifolia stand,except for polyphenol oxidase.C.equisetifolia of mixed plantation was harmful to itself growth while conduce to P.elliotti growth.国家“十五”科技攻关项目(2004BA516A13-15

Rhizosphere Soil Nutrient and Enzyme Activity in Different Stand Age of Casurina equisetifolia Protection Forest

在福建省东山县滨海沙地,开展了不同年龄木麻黄林地根际和非根际土壤养分和酶活性的测定,研究结果表明:(1)不同年龄木麻黄林地根际pH小于非根际土壤,随林龄增长根际土壤和非根际土壤pH值均表现为下降趋势;根际土壤有机质、全氮和水解氮含量高于非根际土壤,各土层有机质含量在中龄林时最大;从中龄林阶段至过熟林,水解氮含量下降;全磷和速效磷含量从幼林发育至中龄林、近熟林逐渐减少,至过熟林略有恢复;根际土壤全钾、速效钾含量呈增加趋势。(2)不同年龄木麻黄林地根际CEC值、水解性总酸度、交换性盐基总量、交换性M g2+均大于非根际土壤;幼林龄根际交换性C a2+低于非根际;土壤CEC值在中龄林时最高。(3)不同年龄木麻黄林地根际土壤磷酸酶、过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性均大于非根际土壤;随着林木的生长,根际和非根际土壤磷酸酶活性逐渐升高,并且根际与非根际间的差异也呈增大趋势;根际过氧化物酶活性从幼龄林到中龄林下降,随着林木生长至过熟林有所升高;根际多酚氧化酶活性在过熟林阶段高于其它发育阶段。This article emphatically reviews the difference of soil chemical properties and biochemical activities between the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil in different stages of Casuarina equisetifolia.It also reviews their dynamic patterns during Casuarina equisetifolia development.The result showed as follows:(1)In different stages of C.equisetifolia protection forest development, the pH value in rhizosphere soil was lower than that in non-rhizosphere soil and it shows the trend of declination in both rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil;The contents of organic matter,total N and hydrolytic N in rhizosphere soil was more than those in non-rhizosphere soil;Hydrolytic N shows the trend of declination in both rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil form half-mature stage to mature-stage;the content of total P and available P decreases from young stage to near-mature stage,and rehabilitate a little at mature stage;the content of total K and available K increases in rhizosphere soil.(2)In different stages of C.equisetifolia plantation development,the CEC,hydrolytic acidity and exchange Mg~(2+) in rhizosphere soil were more than those in non-rhizosphere soil,except for exchange Ca~(2+) in young C.equisetifolia protection forest;the CEC of soil arrive its max in half-mature stage.(3)As for the variation of the soil enzyme activity in different stages of C.equisetifolia protection forest,phosphataese,peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase were more active in rhizosphere soil than in non-rhizosphere soil;there was no obvious change on activity of urease;during stages of C.equisetifolia forest development,the active of phosphataese shows the trend of increase in both rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil,moreover,the difference between rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil were more obviously;the active of polyphenol oxidase in rhizosphere soil was more than that in other stages.国家“十五”科技攻关项目(2004BA516A13-15);; 国家林业局南方山地用材林培育重点实验室资助项

中药沐足结合护理干预治疗护理人员下肢静脉曲张的效果观察

目的探讨中药沐足结合护理干预在下肢静脉曲张护士中的应用效果。方法选取某三甲综合性医院患有下肢静脉曲张的临床护士60例为研究对象,应用随机数字表法分为两组,各30例。两组研究对象均行基础护理,对照组采用医用的循序减压弹力袜进行治疗,观察组实施中药沐足结合护理干预措施。2个月后比较两组患者疗效。结果观察组研究对象静脉曲张恢复总有效率高于对照组,观察组研究对象经过3个疗程的治疗,痊愈12例,显效l3例,有效4例;对照组分别为痊愈5例,显效8例,有效9例;观察组、对照组临床治愈率和总有效率分别为40.00%、96.67%和16.67%、73.33%。差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论中药沐足结合护理干预可以改善下肢静脉曲张的临床症状。福建中医药大学2016年临床专项校管课题(XB2016085

Damage to mangroves from extreme cold in early 2008 in southern China

通讯作者Author for correspondence (E-mail: [email protected])2008年初,我国南方19个省经历了50年一遇的持续低温雨雪冰冻天气。极端气候对华南沿海各省的红树林区造成不同程度的危害。2008年3月,在我国南方各省红树林区的10个代表性地点,对这次寒害造成的红树植物伤害程度进行了系统的调查。结果表明:冬季低温对红树林的影响极为显著,特别是在低纬度的海南、广西和广东湛江,由于极端低温正值夜间退潮,对红树林的影响更为显著;在纬度较高的福建,本地红树种类秋茄(Kandelia obovata)、桐花树(Aegiceras corniculatum)和白骨壤(Avicennia marina)及引种的木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)等,由于长期适应于冬季较低的气温或在种植前经过抗寒锻炼,具有较强的抗寒能力。各地主要红树植物中,广布种秋茄、桐花树和白骨壤最为耐寒,其耐寒性均大于红树科的木榄、海莲(Bruguiera sexangula)和红海榄(Rhizophora stylosa)。海桑(Sonneratia caseolaris)对温度的敏感性最强,抗寒能力最低,因此,即使在其原产地海南也受到较为严重的寒害,在纬度更高的引种地出现大面积受害甚至全部死亡,而从孟加拉国引种的无瓣海桑(Sonneratia apetala)却显示出一定的抗寒能力。同一地点的红树植物幼苗的抗寒能力低于大树。此次寒害也造成了苗圃场的种苗大量死亡,成熟的植株提前落花落果,这势必会影响后继一两年内红树林的自然更新和人工造林。因此,在未来红树林造林或人工引种中,一定要考虑到红树植物的抗寒能力。国家自然科学基金(30671646和30700092);厦门大学“闽江学者”启动基

大连极紫外相干光源

先进光源的发展在前沿科学研究中发挥的作用越来越重要。近十年来,飞速发展的自由电子激光技术为科学家们提供了探索未知世界、发现新科学规律和实现技术变革的重要工具。建成的大连极紫外(EUV)相干光源的运行波段为50~150nm,单脉冲能量大于100μJ,且可提供10-12 s和10-13 s量级的超快激光脉冲,是我国第一台自由电子激光用户装置,并且是国际上唯一运行在极紫外波段的自由电子激光用户装置,在世界范围内为用户提供具有高峰值亮度和超短脉冲的极紫外激光。大连EUV相干光源是由国家自然科学基金委资助、由中国科学院大连化学物理研究所和上海应用物理研究所共同承担的重大科学仪器研制项目,目标是打造一个以先进极紫外光源为核心、主要用于能源基础科学研究的光子科学平台

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel

JUNO sensitivity on proton decay p → ν K + searches*

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this study, the potential of searching for proton decay in the $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated. The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits suppression of the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ is 36.9% ± 4.9% with a background level of $0.2\pm 0.05({\rm syst})\pm$$0.2({\rm stat})$ events after 10 years of data collection. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years of exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, which is competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel and complements the use of different detection technologies