Studies on protein and lipid requirement of Babylonia areolata Link

方斑东风螺(BabyloniaareolataLink)是我国东南沿海主要的腹足类经济动物之一。本文首先对方斑东风螺和波部东风螺(BabyloniaformosaehabeiAltena&Gittenberger)自身营养成分进行分析，测定其中的含肉率和腹足肌含有的基本营养成分，分析氨基酸种类及组成和脂肪酸种类及组成，对方斑东风螺和波部东风螺的营养价值进行综合评定以及对比分析；然后以白鱼粉和酪蛋白为蛋白源设计了8个不同蛋白质水平的饲料，在水温26.90±1.52℃、盐度27.6±0.5及遮光的条件下对初始个体体重为2.16±0.05g的方斑东风螺进行为期60d的饲养实验，以确定方斑东风...The gastropod Babylonia areolata Link is one of the important commercial marine animals in the southeast coasts of China, and much attention has been received in aquaculture in recent years. Firstly, the nutritional compositions of B. areolata Link and B. formosae habei Altena&Gittenberger were analyzed. And the ratio of flesh of Babylonia were determined, and muscle of nutritional composition...学位：工学硕士院系专业：海洋与环境学院环境科学与工程系_环境科学学号：20033403

Activities of several digestive enzymes of Babylonia areolata Link (Gastropoda:Buccinidae)during early development

将方斑东风螺Babylonia areolata(Link)的早期发育从早期面盘幼体到变态后15d的稚贝分成6个阶段,分别测定各阶段蛋白酶(P)、脂肪酶(L)、淀粉酶(A)和纤维素酶(C)活性。研究结果表明,随着幼体发育的推进,蛋白酶比活力逐渐减小,脂肪酶比活力逐渐增加,淀粉酶和纤维素酶比活力则在变态前逐渐增加,而变态后逐渐减小。比较A/P和(A+C)/(P+L)两种指标指示方斑东风螺幼体发育过程中的食性变化,提出(A+C)/(P+L)用于指示方斑东风螺食性变化更合理、准确。综合比较幼体发育各阶段4种消化酶活性,发现在面盘幼体向稚贝变态期间,幼体消化能力最弱,原因与幼体的变态过程有关。实验结果也验证了贝类具有分泌纤维素酶的能力,该酶在东风螺对纤维素分解中占主导地位。Specific activities of protease(P),lipase(L),amylase(A) and cellulase(C) of Babylonia areolata Link were measured respectively at 6 different stages from early veliger to juvenile 15 days after metamorphosis.The activity of protease was found to decrease gradually over time,while the activity of lipase was detected to increase step by step with larval development.The activities of amylase and cellulase increased slowly within 12 days after hatch,then increased rapidly at competent larva stage and decreased sharply after metamorphosis.A comparison was made between two indexes used as indicators of feeding habit: ratio of amylase activity to protease activity(A/P) and ratio of the sum of amylase and cellulase to the sum of protease and lipase((A+C)/(P+L)).It was concluded that the latter index((A+C)/(P+L)) was more suitable than the former one(A/P) when they were used as indicators of feeding habit.The digestion pattern of Babylonia areolata Link was revealed with the summation of 4 kinds of digestive enzyme activities at the same stage.The digestion of juvenile 3 days after metamorphosis was the weakest among the 6 stages after comparing the summations at different stages.Weak digestion may be one of the most important reasons that influence the survival rate during metamorphosis.The results of specific cellulase activity at the 6 stages indicated that the Gastropoda were able to secrete cellulase themselves.Endogenous cellulase played a vital role for Babylonia areolata to digest cellulose.科技部农业科技成果转化基金项目(03EFN213500133

Analysis and evaluation of nutritional composition of Babylonia areolata Link and Babylonia formosae habei

本文对方斑东风螺和波部东风螺自身营养成分进行分析,测定其中的含肉率和腹足肌含有的基本营养成分,分析氨基酸种类及组成和脂肪酸种类及组成,对方斑东风螺和波部东风螺的营养价值进行综合评定以及对比分析.结果表明:方斑东风螺和波部东风螺含肉率分别为48.94%±2.01%和45.12%±2.29%,腹足肌中都含有高达70%左右的蛋白含量和5%左右低含量的脂肪,糖类含量接近10%,氨基酸种类齐全,必需氨基酸相对含量高,必需氨基酸指数在43以上,肉味鲜美,方斑东风螺的EPA和DHA相对含量总和为7.1%,波部东风螺为10.5%,方斑东风螺和波部东风螺的n-3系列不饱和脂肪酸相对含量分别高达6.4%和7.5%,n-6系列分别为13.4%和15.0%,属名贵滋补的海产品.The nutritional compositions of B.areolata Link and B.formosae habei Altena & Gittenberger were analyzed.The ratio of flesh of Babylonia were determined and muscle of nutritional compositions,amino acid compositions and contents,fatty acid compositions and relative contents were analyzed.The results show that B.areolata and B.formosae habei ratio of flesh are 48.94%±2.01% and 45.12%±2.29%,respectively.They contain around 70% protein and 5% fat,10% sugar and were rich in variety of amino acids and high essential amino acid relative contents.The essential amino acid indexes were over 43.The taste of flesh is delicious.The relative contents of EPA and DHA of muscle in B.areolata were 7.1%,and that for B.formosae habei were 10.5%.The relative contents of n-3 PUFA of muscle in B.areolata were 6.4%,and that of B.formosae habei were 7.5%.The relative contents of n-6 PUFA of muscle in B.areolata were 13.4%,and that of B.formosae habei were 15.0%.They are precious as nutritional seafood.科技部农业科技成果转化基金资助项目(03EFN213500133

Studies on Protein Requirement of Babylonia areolata Link

以白鱼粉和酪蛋白为蛋白源设计了8个不同蛋白质水平的饲料,在水温26.90±1.52℃,盐度27.6±0.5及遮光的条件下对初始个体体质量为2.16±0.05 g的方斑东风螺(Babylonia areolataL ink)进行为期60 d的生长实验.统计分析结果表明:饲料中蛋白含量对方斑东风螺的相对增质量率呈抛物线回归关系,在饲料蛋白含量为43.10%时,相对增质量率达到最大值(p0.05),蛋白质效率随着饲料中蛋白质含量的增加而降低,各蛋白组间的成活率没有显著差异(p>0.05).以相对增质量率为指标,采用回归分析法确定方斑东风螺饲料蛋白质适宜含量为36.47%~43.10%.A 60-day growth experiment was conducted in order to determine the protein requirement for the growth of Babylonia areolata Link with initial mass of 2.16±0.05g,at the temperature of 26.90±1.52 ℃ and the salinity of 27.6±0.5.White fish meal and casein were used as the main dietary protein source to formulate experimental diets at eight protein levels.The results showed that the relationship between the feed protein requirement and the relative mass gain of Babylonia areolata Link was parabola regression.The relative mass gain of Babylonia areolata reached its maximum when the dietary protein level was up to 43.10%.(p0.05).The protein efficiency ratio tended to decrease with the increasing dietary protein level.There was no significant difference in the survival rate.(p>0.05).Based on the analysis of regression equation and using the relative mass gain as index,we could determine that the optimal protein requirement of Babylonia areolata Link should be at the range of 36.47%~43.10%.科技部农业科技成果转化基金(03EFN213500133)资

无机热化学数据库中复氧化物热力学性质的计算机预报

建立了估算复氧化物高温热力学性质的数学模型.按照此模型,可以预报若干复氧化物四项高温热力学性质的数值.本法预报值的均方根偏差与实验值误差相当

Semen short-term storage of the small abalone

应用单因素试验和三因素正交试验研究了温度、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)浓度及精子密度等因素对九孔鲍(Haliotis diversicolor supertexta)精子短期保存的影响。单因素试验结果表明:DMSO、维生素C、甘油、葡萄糖等添加剂中仅5%和7.5%DMSO有利于精子活力的保持;3个试验温度中28℃精子活力下降速度最快,其次为1℃,最慢是5℃;稀释度越高精子活力下降速度越快。正交试验中,九孔鲍精液分别在25个保存条件下保存96 h,保存期间每隔一段时间取样观察精子活力。25个处理的活力变化数据用生长函数拟合,根据拟合方程计算出精子活力半衰期,并对结果进行直观分析及方差分析。结果表明,较理想的精子保存条件是:温度为7℃,DMSO质量分数为3%,精子密度为7.5×108个/mL;各因素对精子活力半衰期的影响按精子密度、温度、DMSO密度顺序递减;精子密度对精子活力半衰期有显著影响(P0.05)。The effects of sperm concentration,temperature and DMSO concentration on the decay of sperm viability of the small abalone,Haliotis diversicolor supertexta were determined.The results of one-factor experiment showed: All the test extenders had negative effects on the life of small abalone sperm,except for 5% DMSO and 7.5% DMSO;Among the three test temperatures,the rank of decay speed of sperm motility score was 28,1,5℃;The decay speed increased with the dilution increase.A 3-factor and 5-level orthogonal experiment was designed based on the results of one-factor experiment.25 aliquots of small abalone semen were stored separately for intervals up to 96 h.The data of sperm viability score in 25 given conditions were fit into 25 equations with a growth model.The half-lives of sperm in the 25 kinds of storage conditions were estimated with the equations.The results show that the optimal store condition was at sperm concentration of 7.5×108 sperm/ mL in seawater with 3 % DMSO at the temperature of 7℃.Among the three factors,the most important one was sperm concentration,and then storage temperature,the last one was DMSO concentration.The results of ANOVA showed that the effect of sperm concentration on half life of sperm was significant(P<0.05),while the effects of temperature and DMSO concentration were not significant.国家863计划资助项目(2003AA603240

无机热化学数据库中卤化物高温熵的计算机预报

在W.M.Latimer估算化合物标准熵的方法的基础上,建立了卤化物高温熵的计算机预报方法。作为试验,未参加训练的18个卤化物高温熵的预报值与实验值作了对照,其偏差均小于20焦耳/度·摩尔,即与若干卤化物标准熵的实验误差相近

无机热化学数据库中复氧化物高温熵的预报

标准熵的估算方法以W.M.Latimer法最为著名。本文对此作了若干修正,并成功地将它推广应用到高温情况。作为试验,本文预报了二十个复氧化物在不同温度下的熵值,其中十八个化合物的均方根偏差小于5cal/mol·K,即与若干复氧化物标准熵的实验误差相当。因此本方法可以装入“无机热化学数据库”。使它增加预报复氧化物高温熵的功能

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel

JUNO sensitivity on proton decay p → ν K + searches*

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this study, the potential of searching for proton decay in the $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated. The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits suppression of the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ is 36.9% ± 4.9% with a background level of $0.2\pm 0.05({\rm syst})\pm$$0.2({\rm stat})$ events after 10 years of data collection. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years of exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, which is competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel and complements the use of different detection technologies