Numerical Simulation of Secondary Flow in a Turbomachinery by Curved Square Duct

航空用ジェットエンジンなどに使用されるターボ機械の流路内では、作動流体に流路の曲率による遠心力および回転によるコリオリ力が作用し複雑な二次流れが生じ、段効率さらには機械の全体性能に大きな影響を与える。このようにターボ機械内では複数の二次流れによる渦が生じ、それらの干渉により非常に複雑な流れの様相を呈する。従って、このような流れ場の挙動と損失発生の因果関係を直接実機を用いて解明することは非常に困難である。したがって、本研究では実機の流路から回転の効果や流路の曲率を部分的に取り除いたモデル流路内の流れを解析し、各種の二次流れ単体と損失発生のメカニズムを解明した。In the passage of a turbomachinery, the secondary flow under the effect of the centrifugal and the Coriolis forces exhibits complex flow pattern, and strongly affects the generation of losses. It is difficult to reveal the relationship between the secondary flow and the loss generation mechanism by using an actual turbomachinery. The most dominant secondary flow is the passage vortex.In the present study, the flow within the two-dimensional curved square duct is selected as a fundamental model for the appearance of the passage vortex. The numerical computations are performed for the various boundary conditions, in which the inlet boundary layer thickness and the inlet velocity profile are changed. The computed results are compared with the experimental results to estimated the validation of the present computation code

線画シンボルと立体画シンボルを用いた受信者側のイメージに関する研究

本研究では,シンボルコミュニケーションを行なう上で,より妥当なシンボルの選定を行なうことを目的としてシンボルの受信者側が,線画シンボルおよび立体画シンボルから受けるイメージを比較した.44名の成人に対して,動詞に相当するシンボルのイメージ測定を行った.結果,30語中19語で線画シンボルより立体画シンボルの方が,対象となる語をより的確に表していると評価された.また,シンボル全体でのイメージ評定では,7語中6語に有意差が認められ,立体画よりも線画シンボルの方が,肯定的イメージを持たせやすい可能性が考えられた.In this study,to compare images that recipients of symbols obtain from line-drawing and 3D-drawing symbols,we measured images elicited by symbols corresponding to verbs and attempted to select more appropriate symbols for communication in 44 adult subjects.As a result,18 of the 30 target words were judged to be more appropriately represented by 3D-drawing than line-drawing symbols.On image assessment of all aynbols,a significant difference was noted in 6 of the 7 words,indicating that line-drawing symbols are more likely to give positive images than 3D-drawing symbols

シンボルの図と地の反転が及ぼす受信者側のイメージに関する研究

現在,日本で用いられている市販シンボルは,白地に黒線で描かれた絵柄のPicture Communication Symbol(PCS)と黒地に白線で描かれた絵柄のPictogram Ideogram Communication(PIC)である.両者は抽象化されたシンボルという点で似通っているものの,図と地の色(白,黒)が反転した状態である.今回,同じ絵柄でありながら,図と地を反転(白黒反転)させたシンボルでは,シンボルの受信者側はどのようなイメージの違いをもつのかに疑問をもった.そこで本研究では,シンボルの受信者側が,白地に黒線画のシンボルおよび黒地に白線画のシンボルから受けるイメージを比較するために,44名の成人を対象として,形容詞,動詞,名詞に相当するシンボルのイメージ測定を行い,シンボルコミュニケーションを行なう上で,より妥当なシンボルの選定を行なうことを目的とした.結果,形容詞,動詞,名詞の30語中22語で白地に黒線画のシンボルより黒地に白線画のシンボルの方が,対象となる語をより的確に表していると評価された.また,シンボル全体でのイメージ評定では,7語中7語全てに有意差が認められ,黒地に白線画のシンボルより白地に黒線画のシンボルの方が,肯定的イメージを持たせやすい可能性が考えられた.Presently,symbols marketed in Japan are picture communication symbols(PCS)drawn in black lines on white backgrounds and pictogram ideogram communication(PIC)drawn in white lines on black backgrounds.They resemble each other in that both are abstract symbols,but differ in that the colors(black and white)of the drawing and background are reversed. In this study,we evaluated the effects of the reversal of colors of the same drawing and their backgrounds on recipients\u27images generated by the symbols.Images elicited by symbols corresponding to adjectives,adverbs,verbs,and nouns were measured in 44 adults subjects,and the selection of more appropriate symbols for communication was attempted.As a result,symbols consisting of a white line drawing on a black background were found to more appropriately represent the intended images than those consisting of a black line drawing on a white background in 22 of 30 adjectives,adverbs,verbs,and nouns.On image assessment of all symbols,a significant difference was observed in all 7 words,suggesting that a black line drawing on a white background is more likely to generate a positive image than a white line drawing on a black background

前鋸筋深層で第2および第3肋骨に起始し肩甲骨内側縁に停止する変異筋札幌医科大学解剖学実習遺体所見記録(1)

A variant muscle originating from the 2nd and 3rd ribs and inserted into the medial border of the scapula was observed in a 67 year-old Japanese male cadaver at Sapporo Medical College, 1989. Since it is supplied by a twig of the dorsal scapular nerve, this variation is considered to belong to the rhomboid muscle group. This interpretation is also supported by the result of nerve fiber analysis of the dorsal scapular nerve. This variation seems to offer insights into the differentiating process of the rhomboid muscles from the muscular anlage destined to become the levator scapulae, rhomboid and anterior serratus muscles