电化学联用技术研究微生物的胞外电子传递机制

胞外电子传递(EET)是指氧化还原反应所产生的电子在微生物细胞内和细胞外的电子受体/电子供体之间互相转移的过程,这一过程伴随着能量和物质的转化。阐明EET机制是提高微生物能量和物质转化效率的基础,为元素的生物地球化学循环、金属防腐以及生物电化学系统的应用等提供理论支撑。电化学技术作为研究电极/溶液界面电子转移的简便、有效方法,在研究微生物的直接电子传递和间接电子传递机制中发挥了重要的作用,也促进了EET机制的研究从宏观层面到微观层面不断深入。本文综述了研究微生物EET机制所涉及的电化学联用技术(包括微电极、扫描电化学显微镜、电化学联用光学显微镜和光谱电化学等);详细介绍了这些电化学联用技术的功能和优势;重点阐述了这些电化学联用技术如何推动着EET机制的研究,从宏观的生物膜层面到微观的单个微生物细胞、蛋白和分子层面不断深入;展望了新的电化学联用技术在EET研究领域的应用前景。国家重点研发计划项目项目(No.2017YFA0206500);;国家自然科学基金项目(No.21777155,21773198,U1705253,21621091)资助~

扫描电化学显微镜用于研究生物膜微环境的电子传递

生物电化学系统(BESs)的核心是生物膜在电极/溶液界面的电子传递反应,研究生物膜微区环境中的电子传递有助于阐明微生物的胞外电子传递(EET)机制,从而有针对性地提高BESs中的电子转移效率。微生物的EET机制包括直接电子传递和间接电子传递,由于生物膜组成复杂,含有多种分泌物、胞外聚合物等,常规电化学方法只能从生物膜宏观层面研究EET机制,无法有效区分这两种电子传递途径的贡献。本文采用电化学循环伏安方法研究了电子穿梭体二茂铁甲醇(FcMeOH)与希瓦氏菌(Shewanella)相互作用的界面过程;基于扫描电化学显微技术构建了穿透模式,通过微电极介导FcMeOH与Shewanella反应,收集仅来自间接电子传递途径产生的电流,同时测定了Shewanella在电极/溶液界面的氧化还原性质和空间分布。本论文将电化学扫描探针显微技术应用于EET的研究,从物理化学角度揭示微生物在代谢过程中与外界的电子传输机制。国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFA0206500);;国家自然科学基金(21777155,21773198,U1705253,21621091)资助~

韓流ブームと対韓意識:韓流との関連で見た韓国・韓国人イメージおよび日韓関係に対する認識

The Hanryu boom-strong interest in South Korean pop culture-has been rapidly expanding in many Asian countries since the late 1990s. Several years later, Japan was also witness to the Hanryu boom. The boom in Japan further advanced owing to the popular Korean soap opera “Winter Sonata,"which was first broadcast on NHK in 2003. Gradually, since the media attention decreased, the Korean craze died down in the past few years; however,the popularity of South Korean pop culture seems to have a strong hold in Japan.This study examines how people evaluated the Hanryu boom and whether the increased popularity of South Korean pop culture contributed to improvement in the Japanese perceptions of and attitudes toward South Korea.To address these research questions, we conducted a sampling survey from November to December 2006. One thousand Tokyo residents aged between 20 and 74 years were randomly selected from a Tokyo poll-book that listed all electorates. Each resident was sent a questionnaire by mail; 367 effective questionnaires were returned.Results show that respondents made relatively balanced judgments regarding the Hanryu boom. While many respondents thought that the Hanryu boom contributed to improvement in the relations between Japan and South Korea and advanced cultural exchange between the two countries, they also regarded the boom to have certain negative aspects. More than 60% of the respondents felt that the Japanese media reported the Hanryu boom in an exaggerated manner, and about 20% said that it put unresolved political issues, such as different historical perceptions between the two countries, on the backburner.The results reveal that many respondents still consider South Korea as a closed and traditional society, although they also regard it as an economic power. With regard to the influence of the Hanryu boom, the data shows that about 36% of the viewers of Korean TV dramas/movies developed a more positive perception of Korea.In addition, a multiple regression analysisindicates that women, highly educated individuals, and heavy viewers of Korean TV dramas/movies were more likely to have a better percetion of Koreans.The data also demonstrates that while about 40% of the respondents perceived the current Japan-Korea relations to be relatively good, the remaining thought otherwise (about 60% regarded them as poor). A multiple regression analysis indicates that although demographic variables do not show significant associations with the perception of the Japan-Korea relations, those who favored the Hanryu boom and highly evaluated former Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi\u27s foreign policies were more likely to consider the relations between the two countries to be good. In addition, the data from an open-ended question indicates that the respondents who judged the Japan-Korea relations to be good tended to do so mainly based on the augmented exchange of popular culture in recent years, while those who regarded the relations as poor were more likely to base their judgment on unsettled political or historical issues

台湾におけるオールタナティブな出産としての「優しい出産」 : 新たな助産師教育課程修了生の活動する出産施設調査から

台湾の助産師教育は、1991年に休止に追い込まれた後に、1999年に新たに大学・大学院課程として再開された。そこで、新制度の助産師教育課程を修了した助産師が「優しい出産」を目指して活動する出産施設と、その対照として、一般的な医師主導の出産を行っている施設を調査し、台湾の「優しい出産」とはどのような出産かを明らかにし、助産師教育が、どのように女性の出産選択に影響するかを考察した。台湾の「優しい出産」は、女性が助産師と医師の共同ケアのもとに、医療介入を回避しつつ産み方を選択して行うお産である。助産師教育休止の際、助産師復興運動として女性が声をあげたことが契機となっている。病院で分娩介助のできなかった助産師にとって、新制度の教育再開による「優しい出産」への取り組みは、自律した助産師の育成につながり、女性の出産選択の一助となっている