A Comparison of Inter-rater Reliability between Scale-based Rating and Proposition-based Rating in English-Chinese Consecutive Interpreting

口译质量评估研究的一个中心问题是使用什么样的工具和标准（Sang-BingLee，2015）。由于口译测试中评分者存在差异性以及口译资格考试具有高利害性，确保质量评估中的评分者间信度至关重要。从评估机构的角度来说，使用有效、可信的评估工具有助于保证评估结果的客观公正，对推动口译测试的标准化进程和口译人才的选拔都有重要意义。本文研究的是针对英汉口译质量评估中“信息准确度”这一标准采用两种评分方式对评分者间信度的影响以及背后可能的原因，旨在探讨口译评估中对评估方式的合理选择，保持评估结果的客观、公正。本研究选取厦门大学三级交替口译考试音频为样本，邀请20名评分者分别使用量表式（scale-base...Central to interpreting performance assessment is the choice of the instrument(s) and criteria to apply（Sang-Bing Lee, 2015）. Raters of a performance test vary and usually interpreting accreditation examinations are of high stakes, thus it is important to ensure the inter-rater reliability of the raters involved. From the perspective of the assessment agency, the use of effective and credible asse...学位：翻译硕士院系专业：外文学院_翻译硕士学号：1202014115273

Using Initial End-tidal Carbon Dioxide Level to Predict the Outcome of In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

研究背景 急救時偵測吐氣末端二氧化碳分壓(Partial pressure of end-tidal CO2, PEtCO2)在2010年美國心臟協會心肺復甦術指引建議納入為監測急救品質，而吐氣末端二氧化碳之分壓(PEtCO2)<10 mmHg表示急救壓胸之品質不好，而突然增加數值至>40 mmHg，代表恢復自發性循環(Return of spontaneous circulation, ROSC)，因此許多研究希望能夠透過此數值當作終止急救(Termination of resuscitation, TOR)之指標，然而目前許多文獻似乎沒有一個標準之臨界值可以用來作為預測病人預後，所以目前並不建議單一使用吐氣末端二氧化碳之分壓，同時仍需考慮可能影響預後之變數，包括是否有目擊心跳停止、旁觀者執行心肺復甦術、起始心律等；但大多數研究著重於到院前心跳停止(Out-of hospital cardiac arrest, OHCA)之病人，而院內心跳停止(In- hospital cardiac arrest, IHCA)之病人特性與其不同。因此本研究擬探討初始吐氣末端二氧化碳值(Initial PEtCO2)是否能夠提供更多資訊與施救者參考。 研究方法與結果 本研究為回溯式研究，於臺大醫院急診室收集2011年02月至2014年8月共43個月之非創傷性、成人之院內心跳停止之病人，收集資料依據Utstein style。 在43個月中共353人發生院內心跳停止事件，202人於急救時登錄初始吐氣末端二氧化碳值，平均於7.2±5.5分鐘紀錄到數值；病人年紀平均67.0±16.2歲，其中初始心律為可電擊之心律佔11.8%，曾經達到恢復自發性心跳循環(ROSC)比率為69.3%， ROSC>20分鐘為47%，存活出院率為16.8%，良好神經學預後者有25人(12.4%)，多變數分析中，Initial PEtCO2值高於25.5mmHg對於曾經達到ROSC (Odds ratio=3.12;95% CI[1.56-6.26],p=0.001)、ROSC>20分鐘(Odds ratio=2.64;95% CI[1.43-4.88],p=0.002)及存活出院率(Odds ratio =3.10;95% CI[1.26-7.60],p=0.014)為獨立之因子；但對於良好神經學預後並不顯著。Initial PEtCO2臨界值25.5mmHg區分ROSC>20分鐘之累積存活機率亦有顯著差異(log rank test, p=0.002)。次族群分析(subgroup analysis) 初始心律中，Initial PEtCO2值在可電擊或是不可電擊之間並無統計學上差異。 Initial PEtCO2值與血液氣體中之二氧化碳值呈現中度正相關(r=0.420, p<0.001). 研究結論 本研究之Initial PEtCO2值顯示在院內心跳停止病人中能用以評估是否恢復自發性心跳循環，過去心跳停止研究中初始值臨界值為10mmHg，本研究之臨界值提高至25.5mmHg，因此未來急救準則中可考慮將原先評估急救值所建議維持之PEtCO2值提高，以達到更好的壓胸品質及提高病患預後；以此25.5mmHg為臨界值加上病人接受心肺復甦術之時間判定，對於初始值較低之組群延長急救時間對於是否恢復自發性心跳循環並無顯著助益，因此Initial PEtCO2值可以成為中止心肺復甦術之參考。Background Partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (PEtCO2) had been recommended to guide the quality of resuscitation since 2010. However, there is no consensus about the specific cut-off value of initial PEtCO2 in discrimination of prognosis and it could not be considered as the only determination rule. Most of the researches focused on the out-of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) victims, since the etiology and demographic characteristics of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) was different. Our research focus on explore the prognostic value of initial PEtCO2 in IHCA. Methods This is a retrospective study from February, 2011 to August, 2014 in National Taiwan University Hospital. We collect patient suffered from non-traumatic IHCA in emergency department receiving resuscitation followed with 2010 American Heart Association guidelines for resuscitation. We collect IHCA using capnography with initial PEtCO2 recorded, and these data were retrospectively reviewed followed the Utstein data and together with other clinical information. Results In 43 months study period, there was total 353 IHCA events, and 202 events with initial PEtCO2 level recorded were included. 61.4 % was male and the mean age was 67.0±16.2 years old. Shockable rhythm accounts 11.8%. The mean recorded time was 7.2±5.5 minutes since resuscitation. The cut-off value of initial PEtCO2 is defined as 25.5 mmHg distinguished between sustained ROSC or not. The cumulative survival probability of sustained ROSC showed significant difference at initial PEtCO2 25.5 mmHg (log rank test, p=0.002). In multivariate analysis, initial PEtCO2 higher than 25.5mmHg was an independent predictive factor for any ROSC(Odds ratio=3.12;95% CI[1.56-6.26],p=0.001)、sustained ROSC (Odds ratio=2.64;95% CI [1.43-4.88], p=0.002) and survival to discharge (Odds ratio =3.10; 95% CI [1.26-7.60], p=0.014). Initial PEtCO2 did not correlated with neurologic outcome. In subgroup analysis, initial PEtCO2 level did not have significant difference between shockable and non-shockable rhythm. Moderate positive correlation between initial PEtCO2 and pressure of CO2 in blood was also observed (r=0.420, p<0.001). Conclusions In our study, to improve the likelihood of ROSC in IHCA, the threshold of PEtCO2 should increase to 25.5mmHg in order to improve chest compression quality to deliver better circulation. We can consider termination of resuscitation early for those who had low initial PEtCO2 level

Application of Customer Relationship Management of Fresh Food E-commerce - Case Study of G Company

　　忠誠度方案（Loyalty Program）是業界常用的行銷工具，目的為依顧客特性給予適當獎勵，以建立顧客忠誠度，獲取更多的收益。又對生鮮電商而言，「回購率」為獲利關鍵之一。 　　本研究以個案公司之現有顧客對象，探究顧客對不同忠誠方案之偏好。首先以集群分析法將顧客分群，了解其行為特徵與方案之間的關聯，接著以電話訪談的方式，分析忠誠方案之構成要素（例如：報酬率），對顧客知覺價值的影響，最後給予忠誠方案之規畫建議。 　　從行為面表現來看，喜歡價格方案為「涉入程度低，月購買金額低」、「涉入程度低，錢包占有率低」、「月購買金額低，品牌忠誠度低」、「品牌忠誠度高，價格敏感度高」與「月購買金額低，價格敏感度高」的顧客。喜歡非價格方案為「涉入程度高，月購買金額低」的顧客。喜歡口碑方案為「涉入程度高，錢包占有率高」與「品牌忠誠度高，錢包占有率高」的顧客。喜歡非立即性獎勵方案為「品牌忠誠度高，價格敏感度低」的顧客。 　　從顧客價值區隔來看，消費型顧客、頻率型顧客以及不確定型顧客最喜歡價格方案，最佳型顧客則喜歡特權方案。雖然價格方案為多數顧客喜愛，但本研究也發現，顧客的個人興趣及背景，會增加其對特權獎勵之偏好，不受其所在區隔之影響。 　　針對上述，本研究建議在價格方案上，除了現有的促銷方案，可從建立顧客專屬資產、提供享樂性商品或海鮮贈品著手。特權方案則可透過新品預購、VIP體驗活動（廚藝教室、船釣體驗等）、會員推薦會員（MGM）、獎勵團購主等方式操作。 　　本研究限制在於問卷實施方法的限制，所以本研究調整劉文良（2011）顧客價值矩陣之中值的計算方式。Loyalty Program is a commonly used marketing tool, the purpose is to give appropriate incentives according to customer characteristics to build customer loyalty and generate more income. Furthermore, the "repo rate" is one of the key factors of making profit for Fresh Food E-commerce. This study explores the preferences of existing customers of G Company in different loyalty programs. First, cluster analysis groups customers to understand their behavioral characteristics associated with the programs, then followed by telephone interviews to analyze how the elements of loyalty programs like rate of return impacts the customers’ perceived value. Finally, give recommendations for the planning of loyalty programs. From the behavior point of view, customers with "low degree of involvement, low monthly purchase amount", "low degree of involvement, low share of wallet", " low monthly purchase amount, low brand loyalty", "high brand loyalty, high price sensitivity" and" low monthly purchase amount, high price sensitive'' like the Price Scheme. Customers with "high degree of involvement, low monthly purchase amount" like the Non-price Scheme. Customers with "high degree of involvement, high share of wallet" and "high brand loyalty, high share of wallet" like the Word of Mouth Scheme. Customers with "high brand loyalty, low price sensitivity" like the Non-immediate Incentive Scheme. From Customer Value Segments, the Spender, Frequent and Uncertain favorite the Price Program. The Best prefer the privileged programs. Although the Price Program are favorite by the majority of customers, however, the present study also found that personal interests and the background of customers will increase their preference for the privilege of reward, and they are not affected by the segment. To sum up, the present study suggests that in addition to the existing marketing programs, Price Programs could establish customer-specific assets, or provide hedonic goods or seafood gifts. Through the privilege program, VIP could pre-order new products, experience special activities, like cooking lessons, boat fishing, Members Get Member Program (MGM), and reward the team buying initiator, etc. The limitation of the study is the method of implementation of the questionnaire, so this study adjusted the middle value of the matrix of Customer Value Segments by Liu Wenliang (2011)

山东省淡水小型甲壳动物新亚种和新记录

本文记述了山东省首次记录的28种淡水小型甲壳动物。其中包括一新亚种微齿大尾溞Leydigia acanthocercoides denticulatus和4个中国新记录种和亚种

Spectrophotometric Determination of Extracellular Laccase Activity of Armillaria Mellea

[中文文摘]采用分光光度法测定蜜环菌 (Armillaria mellea)胞外漆酶 (L accase)的活力 ,分别以 2 ,2’-连氮 -二 (3-乙基苯并噻唑 - 6 -磺酸 ) (简称 ABTS)、丁香醛连氮、愈创木酚和邻联甲苯胺为底物 ,比较了这4种底物对漆酸的敏感性 ,探讨了酶反应时间、温度、缓冲液及其 p H值和底物与酶的用量等条件对漆酶催化反应的影响 .实验结果表明 ,适宜的测酶条件可以确保漆酶活力的测定快速而准确。[英文文摘]Spectrophotometric determination was taken to determine extracellular laccase activity from Armiillaria mellea . ABTS, syringaldazine, guaiacol and tolidine was used as the substrate for laccase respectively. The effects of time, temperature, buffer and its pH, and the amount of substrate and enzyme on laccase catalytic reaction were studied. The experimental results showed that suitable determination could ensure rapid and accurate determination of laccase activity.安徽省科委自然科学基金资助项目(98212411

RECOMBINANT PLASMID FOR PROVIDING PLANTS WITH RESISTANCE AGAINST PAPAYA LEAF-DISTORTION MOSAIC VIRUS AND USE THEREOF

本發明係一種用於提供植物抗木瓜畸葉嵌紋病毒性狀的的重組載體,其係包含一控制序列以及一與該控制序列可操作的連接的一木瓜畸葉嵌紋病毒(Papaya leaf-distortion mosaic virus,PLDMV)鞘蛋白基因(coat protein gene,CP gene)片段。本發明亦提供一種重組微生物。本發明亦提供一種使植物對病毒具有抗性的方法。本發明係提供植物對於木瓜畸葉嵌紋病毒之抗性,藉以使產生的基因轉殖植物(transgenic plant)具有較高的產業應用價値

RECOMBINANT PLASMID FOR PROVIDING PLANTS WITH RESISTANCE AGAINST PAPAYA RINGSPOT VIRUS AND PAPAYA LEAF-DISTORTION MOSAIC VIRUS AND USE THEREOF

本發明係一種用於提供植物抗雙重病毒之抗性的的重組載體,其係包含一控制序列以及一與該控制序列可操作的連接的重組基因,該重組基因係包括一木瓜輪點病毒(Papaya ringspot virus,PRSV)鞘蛋白基因片段以及一木瓜畸葉嵌紋病毒(Papaya leaf-distortion mosaic virus,PLDMV)鞘蛋白基因(coat protein gene,CP gene)片段。本發明亦提供一種衍生自該重組載體的重組微生物。本發明亦提供一種使植物對病毒具有抗性的方法。本發明係提供植物對於木瓜輪點病毒和木瓜畸葉嵌紋病毒兩者之抗性,藉以使產生的基因轉殖植物(transgenic plant)具有較高的產業應用價値