大黄鱼肝脏免疫保护蛋白的鉴定

本研究以大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)肝脏为研究对象,采用比较蛋白质组学技术分析大黄鱼免疫保护后蛋白表达水平的变化。结果发现,对照组和免疫保护组中共有20个表达水平差异显著的蛋白点,经MALDI-TOF-MS分析,获得18个差异蛋白点肽质量指纹图谱(peptide mass fingerprint,PMF),通过数据库查询,与免疫型受体、新型抗原受体等蛋白具有高度同源性。在此基础之上,进一步选取4个蛋白差异点(1、10、14和18号)进行Westen blot验证。结果表明,该4个蛋白差异点可以与所制备的抗体发生特异性的结合,且变化趋势与蛋白质组学分析结果一致。由此推测,免疫型受体等18个蛋白应该与大黄鱼免疫保护密切相关,所获研究结果为揭示大黄鱼免疫保护机理奠定了良好的基础。教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(NCET-11-0922)~

Research progress on the Agrobacterium-mediated medicinal microalgae genetic transformation system

农杆菌介导的遗传转化具有操作简便,转化率高,可低拷贝和大片段整合外源基因在宿主染色体上等优点,已经在植物中广泛应用。微藻作为一种重要的种质资源,是多种功能活性产物的初级生产者,在药物开发方面极具发展潜能。农杆菌介导的转化体系在部分微藻中获得成功,有效提高了药用活性产物的生产效率,改良了微藻的生理性能,为微藻药用资源的大规模工业化生产奠定了基础。本文综述了微藻来源的药用功能产物及农杆菌转化体系在微藻中的研究现状和影响转化效率的因素,并展望了该技术在药用微藻中的应用前景,为药用微藻资源的基因工程改造提供一定的参考和借鉴意义。Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation has been widely used for plants, owing to its merits such as operation simplicity, high efficiency of transformation, and transferring a large segment of foreign DNA with low copy of the transgene(s) into host chromosomes. Microalgae are known as germplasm resources and primary producers of a variety of functionally activated products. It also possesses great potential in the development of pharmaceutical exploitation. Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation system has been established successfully in some microalgae. This technology has efficiently increased the productivity of medicinal activated products and improved the physiological performance in microalgae, thus laying foundation for the mass production of medicinally valuable microalgae at large-scale. This paper summarizes the medicinally activated products from microalgae, the research progress on the Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation in microalgae as well as the factors affecting transformation efficiency, the application prospect of this technique in medicinal microalgae, and ultimately providing certain reference to the genetic engineering of medicinal microalgae.海洋公益性行业科研专项经费项目(No.201505032);; 厦门南方海洋研究中心项目(No.14GZP021NF21

Knowledge Economy and Socialization of Higher Education

高等教育的社会化既要求高等教育不断深化改革,同时又要求高等教育不断加强与外界的联系以获得外部大系统的有力支持,从不同维度对高等教育变革施加影响,才能更好地加速高等教育角色功能的转换。文章从高等教育自身的变革、高等教育与外界的联系以及高等教育角色功能转换等三个维度,对知识经济时代我国高等教育的社会化变革提出相关对策。China's higher education is undergoing its socialization now.On the one hand,higher education has to reform.On the other,it has to enlarge its linkage with the outside world to gain supports and reinforcement on its reform,and therefore to speed up its shifts of functional roles.This paper,based the reasoning on three aspects of higher education,namely its reform,the linkage with outside world and the role-shift in higher education,raises a strategic proposal to the socialization of China's higher education in the era of knowledge Economy.“教育部人文社科重点研究基地2002-2003年度重大项目立项课题”的内容之一,课题批准号为:02JAZJD88001

教育部直属高校毕业生就业质量评价体系探析——基于教育部直属高校2013年就业质量年度报告的数据

对高水平大学而言,考察毕业生的就业状况不能仅限于就业率的高低,还必须将就业质量纳入评价体系,以符合国家、社会和高校自身的心理预期。据此,建构科学合理的就业质量评价体系就显得十分必要。文章以教育部直属高校2013年发布的毕业生就业质量年度报告为研究对象,在分析其就业质量评价体系内涵、结构和特征的基础上得出以下结论:总体上教育部直属高校的就业质量评价体系仍存在评价标准不同、评价主体单一、数据来源各异、统计口径不一、评价机制不够完善等诸多问题。这些问题在很大程度上影响到就业质量评价的科学性与权威性。要改变这一状况,一是要建立科学合理的评价指标体系,二是要明确就业质量评价数据的具体来源,三是要完善以第三方为评价主体的就业质量评价机制,四是要实现评价主体的多元和评价口径的一致。教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目“大学生结构性失业的教育审视与治理”(11JJD880026

Bacterial Conversion of Sulfur-and Phosphorous-Compounds and Microbial Diversity in Sediments from a Near-Shore Marine-Cultural Region

对福建某近海养虾场底泥环境中硫和磷 2种元素的微生物代谢进行了研究 .结果表明 ,细菌代谢有机硫和无机硫产H2 S是养殖过程中造成H2 S污染的主要因素 ,利用半胱氨酸和硫代硫酸钠产生硫化氢的细菌数量分别为 1 .6× 10. 6和 4 . 35× 10. 3个·g-1底泥 ;进一步研究发现 ,芽孢杆菌属、盐芽孢杆菌属和微杆菌属等细菌是产H2 S的优势菌群 ,而硫酸盐还原菌的数量较少 ,仅为 2 5个·g-1,其产H2 S的作用不明显 .研究还发现 ,转化有机磷和无机磷酸盐的优势菌群属于好氧细菌 ,其中分解卵磷脂的细菌和产磷酸酯酶细菌的数量分别为 2 . 17× 10. 5和 1 2. 1× 10 6个·g-1,转化磷酸钙的细菌数量为 6 . 96× 10 3 个·g-1.本文从微生物学的角度探讨了养殖环境中硫、磷化合物的转化 ,提出细菌好氧代谢产H2 S是养殖环境潜在的污染因素 ,给出了一些改善和修复养殖环境生态的建议 .The H_2S-producing bacteria and the phosphorous-cycling bacteria in sediments from near-shore marine-cultural region were investigated. Results indicate that the bacterial H_2S production in aerobic condition is the dominating process to produce H_2S in the sediment of cultural pond. The total counts of H_2S-producing bacteria utilizing cysteine and Na_2S_2O_3 were 1.6×106 and 4.35×103 cells g -1 respectively. The counts of sulfate-reducing bacteria in the sediments were very little, only 2.5×101 g -1. Further results show that the bacterial counts of decomposing lecithin and secreting phosphatase were 2.17×105 and 1.21×106 g -1 respectively, bacterial counts of dissolving Ca_3PO_4 were 6.96×103 g -1. Traditional taxonomy and partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing on the H_2S-producing and phosphate-cycling bacteria indicate that most isolates could be classified as members of the following Genera: Bacillus, Halobacillus, Microbacterium, etc.中国科学院知识创新工程项目 (KZCX1 SW 12 Ⅱ ) ;; 中国科学院百人计划项目

Screening of priority-control organic pollutants in coastal water in China

针对当前我国海洋环境中有机污染现状和监测评价的需求,本文借鉴国内外研究经验,以我国近岸海域有机污染物的环境分布浓度、污染物的急慢性毒性和理化性质为评价赋值指标,建立了基于环境暴露指数和环境效应指数为基础的优先控制有机污染物定量筛选方法。利用本筛选方法,尝试性的提出了我国近岸海域优先控制有机污染物名单,以此为海洋管理部门在有机污染物排放控制和监测管理方面提供参考。In view of the demand on environmental monitoring and assessment and the pollution status of organic compounds in marine environment of China,an approach to screen and evaluate the priority-control organic pollutants of marine environment was proposed on the base of studying the relative methods and achievements.In the approach,the novel assessment indices "the environmental exposure index and environmental effect index" were established for calculating the integrated environmental risk index,those indices involved a series of parameters including environmental concentrations,acute and chronic toxicity data,and physicochemical property of organic compounds.Finally,in order to evaluate this approach,the monitoring data and toxicity data of compounds were used to tentatively propose the lists of priority-control organic pollutants in coastal water in China.We wish that present results list may help to evaluate hazard potential of organic pollutants and to provide a guidance for marine environment management.国家“863”重点项目(2007AA09Z126);国家海洋局近岸海域生态环境质量重点实验室开放基金(200712);海洋公益性行业科研专项(No.200805090

ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF BACILLI IN SEDIMENT FROM A NEAR-SHORE MARINE HORTICULTRTAL REGION

通过对近海养虾场底泥中的细菌数量和类群的调查 ,发现有超过 5 0 %的细菌生物量是产芽孢细菌 ,因此对底泥中的产芽孢细菌进行了分离和纯化 ,通过对细胞形态、生理生化等特征的研究和对部分菌株的 16SrRNA基因的ARDRA分型、序列分析等 ,鉴定了 6 7株产芽孢细菌 ,其中 6 2株属于芽孢杆菌属 ,5株属于短芽孢杆菌属 .进一步对 6 2株芽孢杆菌属的细菌在底泥不同深度的分布进行研究 ,结果表明 ,巨大芽孢杆菌主要分布在底泥深度 0～ 6cm左右的区域 ,海洋芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌和蜡状芽孢杆菌主要分布于底泥 6cm以下的区域 ,与坚强芽孢杆菌性状相近的菌分布在底泥 2～ 8cm深度 ;与耐碱芽孢杆菌性状相近的芽孢菌广泛分布在 0～ 12cm区域 .讨论认为 ,应用这些产芽孢细菌资源在修复海洋环境和开发海水养殖微生态制剂方面具有一定可能性 .图 3表 3参 15A survey on microbial populations in the sediment from a near-shore mariculture region revealed that over 50% (by cells) of the biomass was spore-producing bacteria. Totally 67 strains of spore-producing bacteria were obtained and were identified by their cellular morphology, physiological and biochemical features. 12 of the 67 strains were further characterized by cloning their 16S rRNA genes. Results indicate that 62 out of the 67 spore-producing bacterial strains belong to the genus Bacillus and 5 strains belong to Brevibacillus. Among the 62 strains of Bacillus, B. megaterium, B. marinus, B. pumilus, B. cereus, B. thuringensis, B. sphaericus and B. firmus were identified, while other 28 strains could not be taxonomically identified and need further studies. The strains of B. megaterium mainly distributed in the zone above 6 cm of the sediments, and B. pumilus and B. cereus were dominant species in the sediment under depth of 6 cm. The unidentified bacilli distributed through out the entire zone (0～12 cm) of the sediment. The possibility of applying these bacilli for bioremediation of the polluted marine environments or for developing ecological preparations for horticultural is discussed. Fig 3, Tab 3, Ref 15中国科学院知识创新工程项目 (KZCX1 SW 1 2 Ⅱ );; 百人计划支持项目~

Analysis of Nitrate Reducing Community in a Near-shore Marine-cultural Sediments

通过对福建省沿海海水养殖场沉积物中参与氮循环的各生理群细菌数量分析 ,发现氨化和硝酸盐还原细菌是优势生理菌群 ,同时 ,表层泥样中的硝酸盐还原菌数量明显高于深层泥样。从该环境中分离获得 1 0 6株细菌 ,其中 5 8株具有硝酸盐还原能力 ,初步鉴定表明它们主要为芽孢杆菌属 (Bacillus)、盐芽孢杆菌属 (Halobacillus)、短芽孢杆菌属 (Brevibacil lus)、动性球菌属 (Planococcus)和动性杆菌属 (Planomicrobium)等革兰氏阳性细菌的成员 ;1 6SrRNA基因序列分析进一步证实该环境中的硝酸盐还原菌具有丰富的多样性The nitrogen-cycling bacteria in a near-shore marine-cultural sediments were investigated. Results indicated that ammonifying and nitrate-reducing bacteria (NRB) were the most abounding populations. The abundance of nitrate-reducing bacteria occurred in the surface layer of the sediment was higher than that in the bottom layer. 106 bacterial strains were obtained from sediment samples and were tested for their nitrate reducing ability. The results showed that 58 strains of them were able to reduce nitrate. The dominant nitrate-reducing strains were preliminarily identified as Gram positive bacteria and belong to the genus of Bacillus, Halobacillus, Brevibacillus, Planococcus and Planomicrobium.The richness of diversity of nitrate-reducing bacteria was further revealed by the analysis of the sequences of their 16S rRNA genes

基于石墨烯可饱和吸收体的脉冲光纤激光器研究进展

单层石墨烯是一种具有独特电学及光学特性的二维碳材料,尤其是在光学应用方面,它对可见光到近红外波段范围内光波仅有2.3%的线性吸收.由于石墨烯的独特性质,使得它可以作为一种具有超快响应时间以及超宽带工作特性的可饱和吸收体.本综述将展开石墨烯的线性及非线性光学特性分析,并重点阐述基于石墨烯可饱和吸收体的调Q及锁模光纤激光器研究进展,并指出厦门大学光电子技术研究所近几年来在这一方面所取得的成果.国家自然科学基金(61275050);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20120121110034