新疆棉花主要病虫害防治新技术开发

该项目明确了新疆不同棉区棉铃虫的发生世代、发生历期及滞育情况;建立覆盖新疆棉区的预测预报计算机网络，长、短期预测预报准确率分别达85%和95%以上，利用计算机技术建立棉铃虫预报模型，实现棉铃虫预测预报人工智能化;研讨、提出棉田地埂及林带空间种植苜蓿、油菜等诱集作物，改善农田生态环境，招引、增加棉田昆虫天敌种群量的棉田增益控害技术;验证和明确了性外激素用于棉铃虫监测、预报的使用技术;建立和完善了一套棉花主要病虫害综合防治体系。在国内率先运用“绿十字预测博士”软件系统对棉铃虫进行预测预报;明确新疆不同生态区棉铃虫发生世代等生物学特性有别于内地棉区;研讨并组织实施种植诱集作物的“增益控害”措施等

东天山岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床的多期次岩浆侵位与成矿作用——以黄山铜镍矿床为例[J]

位于黄山-镜儿泉镁铁-超镁铁岩带西段的黄山铜镍矿田(包括黄山、黄山东、香山、黄山南矿床),是北疆最重要的镍矿产地。矿田内各岩体都是多期岩浆侵位形成的杂岩体,且黄山东和香山铜镍矿床存在多期成矿作用。本文选取黄山大型隐伏铜镍矿床进行详细解剖,在此基础上探讨东天山地区多期成岩成矿作用及其勘查意义。黄山矿山开采揭露最新地质现象系统观察,不同岩相中橄榄石、辉石(粒径、成分)的垂向和平面剖面变化表明黄山铜镍矿床由多期岩浆侵位形成,且第三期次为主要成矿期。第三期次岩相主要由角闪二辉橄辉岩、角闪方辉橄辉岩和角闪橄榄岩组成。角闪二辉橄辉岩底部的橄榄石核部和边部具有明显的成分差异,其橄榄石的边部相对于核部Fo值和..

新疆喀拉通克铜镍矿田成矿条件、岩浆通道与成矿潜力分析/Metallogenetic conditions, magma conduit and exploration potential of the Kalatongk Cu-Ni orefield in Northern Xinjiang[J]

位于中亚造山带北缘的喀拉通克早二叠世铜镍硫化物矿区是新疆规模最大的铜镍矿山,包含13个岩体,相当部分为隐伏岩体,其中1号、2号、3号、9号矿床为主力矿床,经过30余年持续开发,最大开采深度已达740 m,已面临后备资源不足的危机.已知矿体主要产于辉长岩、苏长岩、辉长苏长岩以及橄榄苏长岩中,甚至角闪辉长岩局部也含矿,未见超镁铁岩产出,具有显著的磁性(200 nT)、重力(0.29×10-5 m/s2)、激化率异常,以镁铁岩含矿、岩体规模小且成群成带、分异演化程度高、富铜(Cu/Ni约3∶2)、PGE较高、块状硫化物贯入矿体普遍发育为特色.其围岩为含炭质板岩、片岩和凝灰岩,变形强烈,常规电法受到炭质层的干扰.依据岩石学、地球化学研究,岩浆源于软流圈地幔,基于与东天山同期铜镍矿床含矿岩相及其比例和剩余重力异常的比较,推断其应发育有相当比例的超镁铁岩,因而深部出现超基性岩的可能性很高,且含矿性应更好.这一推断得到坑道钻探的证实,2013年矿区在Y2岩体东段650～740 m深度和Y2岩体西段400～500 m深度发现隐伏超镁铁岩且含矿,局部见贯入块状矿体.橄榄辉石岩、辉石橄榄岩系矿区首次发现,粒度很细,发育强烈的蛇纹石化、纤闪石化,推测只是隐伏超基性岩的头部.结合控岩控矿构造的追溯及南、北岩带的侧伏和倾伏方向判断,硫化物珠滴构造的发现与系统观测统计,围岩烘烤边和角岩化的研究分析,提出南岩带主岩浆通道位于Y2与Y3岩体之间,而不是原普遍认为的岩浆通道位于Y1与Y2岩体之间.结合矿区的现状,提出采用高分辨率浅层地震、CSAMT和瞬变电磁地-井测量,结合传统的高精度重力勘探、磁法勘探和激发极化法来勘探和预测南岩带深部隐伏含矿超镁铁岩的空间位置和产状,圈定岩浆通道和隐伏铜镍矿体,进而推动北岩带和外围G21、22号岩体的深部探矿工作

东天山圪塔山口镁铁-超镁铁质岩体地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及其对Ni-Cu成矿的指示/Geochemistry and zircon U-Pb geochronology of Getashankou mafic-ultramafic intrusions, eastern Tianshan, and its implication for Ni-Cu mineralization[J]

新疆新近发现的圪塔山口镍铜硫化物矿床位于东天山康古尔-黄山镍铜硫化物成矿带的东端.矿区包含4个镁铁-超镁铁质岩体,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ号岩体均见镍铜硫化物矿化.本文利用SIMS锆石U-Pb法测得Ⅰ号矿化岩体辉长岩年龄为282.6±1.9Ma,不仅与东天山地区其它含Ni-Cu矿化的镁铁-超镁铁质岩体形成时代一致,而且与塔里木玄武岩、镁铁质岩墙及北山地区的镁铁-超镁铁质岩体形成时限相一致.其形成可能与造山后伸展背景下的地幔柱叠加作用有关.地球化学数据表明圪塔山口岩体具有高Mg特征,除2个辉长岩样品m/f值较低外,其余14个样品集中于2.73～ 5.05之间,属铁质超基性岩.岩石稀土元素配分模式为右倾式,轻、重稀土比2.64～3.39;含长角闪辉橄岩及部分含长角闪橄辉岩和含长橄辉岩δEu具正异常,可能与这3个岩相中存在斜长石的结晶有关.微量元素蛛网图表明岩石富集大离子亲石元素Cs、Rb、Ba、K、Sr,富集高场强元素U、Pb,亏损高场强元素Th、Nb等特征.主量元素SiO2-(Na2O +K2O)与(FeOT/MgO)-FeOT图解、微量元素相关图及微量元素比值相关图说明圪塔山口岩体成岩物质为来源于亏损地幔的钙碱性玄武质岩浆,成岩作用以岩浆结晶分异为主导,并受到地壳的混染作用,具有较好的镍铜硫化物矿床成矿潜力

东天山圪塔山口铜镍矿区镁铁-超镁铁质岩体橄榄石与尖晶石矿物学特征/Mineralogical Characteristics of Olivine and Spinel for Getashankou Cu-Ni-Bearing Mafic-Ultramafic Intrusions in Eastern Tianshan, NW China[J]

新近发现的圪塔山口含铜镍矿化镁铁-超镁铁质岩体位于新疆东天山黄山-镜儿泉铜镍矿带东端,共有4个镁铁-超镁铁质岩体,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ号岩体均见铜镍硫化物矿化,研究表明其形成时代(282Ma)及岩浆来源与东天山地区其它铜镍矿化镁铁-超镁铁质岩体一致.本文对主要造岩矿物橄榄石及副矿物尖晶石进行了显微镜下观察及电子探针分析,结果表明橄榄石Fo值介于83.1～ 86.6之间,平均85.2,为贵橄榄石,其Ni含量变化于1273×10-6～ 2719 × 10-6,平均1918×10 6;尖晶石根据铝含量的不同可以分为高铝和低铝两种.圪塔山口岩浆为地幔源区发生15.8％ ～18.8％的部分熔融,并有过剩橄榄石加入的玄武质岩浆经结晶分异作用形成的派生岩浆.对橄榄石分离结晶和硫化物熔离的计算模拟表明橄榄石结晶前,岩浆已经达到S饱和,结晶过程始终伴随硫化物的熔离作用,虽然早期结晶的橄榄石与硫化物熔体间发生了Fe-Ni交换,但仍有很好的铜镍成矿潜力

北疆二叠纪镁铁-超镁铁岩铜、镍矿床的构造背景、岩体类型、基本特征、相对剥蚀程度、含矿性评价标志及成矿潜力分析/The Tectonic Setting, Style, Basic Feature, Relative Erosion Deee, ore-Bearing Evaluation Sign, Potential Analysis of Mineralization of Cu-Ni-Bearing Permian Mafic-ultramafic Complexes, Northern Xinjiang[J]

北疆地区不同构造单元内分布大量的镁铁-超镁铁质岩体,含铜镍硫化物矿化的岩体集中于早二叠世.含铜镍岩体顶与底的识别是一世界性难题,而对深部矿与隐伏矿的勘查十分重要.根据这些镁铁-超镁铁岩体地表出露面积大小和岩相期次,可分为大岩体(大于5～40 km2)、小复式岩体(1～3 km2)和单式岩体(小于0.1 km2)三类.三类岩体在岩体形态、产状、岩相构成、超镁铁质岩相所占比例、赋矿岩相、矿体空间分布以及矿石中Cu/Ni值等方面都有所不同.根据岩体和矿化的基本特征,结合矿物粒度、蚀变强弱、有无同期玄武岩、辉绿岩等,可以综合判定岩体的相对剥蚀程度与埋深.相对剥蚀程度结合区域上元素化探异常和地球物理异常的细微差别,可作为评价镁铁-超镁铁岩体的铜、镍成矿潜力的有力工具.镁铁质岩墙、小岩体、小岩体群、产于大辉长岩体中的小的超镁铁岩露头,强烈蚀变的镁铁-超镁铁岩区,重磁异常区,物化探异常叠加区等均是今后北疆寻找小岩体大矿床的重点靶区

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials