Characteristics and Sources of PM_(10)-bound PAHs During Haze Period in Winter-Spring of Xiamen

采集了厦门市冬春季(2008-12-04~2009-03-20)湖里工业区和大嶝岛旅游区大气PM10样品,用gC-MS定量了PM10负载的19种多环芳烃(PAHS),并结合采样期间气象资料对灰霾期和非灰霾期多环芳烃的差异特征进行对比分析.结果表明,冬春季采样期内,厦门市大气PM10中PAHS的浓度变化范围为12.93~79.27 ng.M-3,平均42.28 ng.M-3,比2004年冬季增长近3倍.灰霾期间PM10中PAHS总的质量浓度明显高于非灰霾期,并且灰霾期间低分子量组分菲、荧蒽和芘的质量分数显著下降,高分子量组分苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧、苯并[A]芘、苝、茚并[1,2,3-Cd]芘、苯并[gHI]苝和晕苯的质量分数相对升高.采用特征化合物比值、主成分分析与多元线性回归对来源与贡献率进行了分析和估算.灰霾期间识别出3类污染源:机动车尾气排放+天然气燃烧、煤燃烧和焦炉排放,其贡献率分别为62.7%、28.1%和9.2%;非灰霾期间同样识别出这3类污染源,其贡献率分别为48.6%、36.9%和14.5%.表明厦门市冬春季灰霾期间PM10中PAHS受本地源排放影响相对较多,非灰霾期间受北方燃煤长距离传输影响更显著.PM10 samples were collected at Huli(industrial zone) and Dadeng Island in Xiamen from December 2008 to March 2009.Nineteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) during haze and non-haze periods were determined by GC/MS.Combined with the meteorological data,the differences of chemical composition and source of PAHs were compared.During sampling periods,the concentrations of PM10-bound PAHs ranged from 12.93 to 79.27 ng·m-3 with the average of 42.28 ng·m-3,which were almost three times higher than those in the winter of 2004.PAHs concentrations were much higher during the haze periods than those in the non-haze periods.Meanwhile,during the haze periods the percentages of lower molecular weight PAHs such as Phe,Fluo and Pyr decreased significantly,on the contrary,individual components of BbF,BkF,BaP,Per,Icdp,BghiP and COR were more abundant.The main sources of PAHs were estimated by the Principal Component Analysis method and the contributions of various pollution sources to PAHs were calculated by the Multiple Linear Regression method.Results showed that the main pollutant sources of PM10-bound PAHs in winter-spring of Xiamen during the haze period were vehicle emission plus natural gas,coal combustion and coke oven,their contribution rates were 62.7%,28.1% and 9.2%,respectively.During non-haze periods,the main pollutant sources identified were the same and the contribution rates were 48.6%,36.9% and 14.5%,respectively.In winter-spring of Xiamen,PM10-bound PAHs were more influenced by local emission sources during the haze periods;coal combustion emissions in north China had a big contribution to PAHs during the non-haze periods.环保公益项目(201009004);厦门市科技计划项目(3502Z20093013

Optimization of Fermentation Conditions of Marine Algicidal Bacterium Microbulbifer sp. BS03 by Uniform Design

采用均匀设计法设计和二次多项式逐步回归分析,对一株高效杀塔玛亚历山大藻微泡菌bS03(MICrObulbIfEr SP.)产杀藻活性物质的发酵培养条件进行优化.通过单因素实验筛选出碳源、氮源、PH、培养时间和接种量为显著影响因子,并对5个显著影响因子采用u15(155)水平对培养基进行优化.结果表明bS03最适发酵培养条件为:蔗糖8 g/l,蛋白胨10.50 g/l,初始PH值7.5,培养时间32 H,接种量3.00%.验证试验结果显示,在此条件下该菌发酵液的干重为4.725 g/l,较优化前增加了31.35%,ld50为0.768%,较优化前降低了25.14%.研究结果为杀藻活性物质以及杀藻机理的研究奠定了理论基础.The optimal parameters of fermentation conditions of marine bacterium Microbulbifer sp.BS03 producing algicidal substances against Alexandrium tamarense were obtained by using Uniform Design and quadric polynomial regression methods.Five main factors were achieved through single factor experiments,that is,carbon source,nitrogen source,pH,incubation time and inoculum size.The U15(155) design result showed the optimum conditions of experiment were as follows: sugar 8 g/L,peptone 10.5 g/L,initial pH 7.5,incubation time 32 h,and inoculum size of 3.00%.According to the verification experiment,under the optimal conditions,the dry biomass was 4.725 g/L which was increased by 31.35% and LD50was 0.768% which was decreased by 25.14% compared with those of the basic fermentation conditions.This outcome will help us to separate active substances from complex components in medium and thus to reveal the mechanism of algicidal activity in the future.国家自然科学基金项目(Nos.40930847;31070442);福建省自然科学基金项目(Nos.2012J01150;2010J01223);福建省教育厅项目(No.JA10232);莆田市科技计划项目[No.2011S09(4)]资助;theOpenFundoftheKeyLaboratoryoftheMinistryofEducationforCoastalandWetlandEcosystemsofXiamenUniversity(CWel0902)---

Effect of Surfactant on the Volatilization of Organochlorine Pesticides from Still Artificial Seawater

[摘要]：研究了阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠( SDBS) 对17 种有机氯农药(OCPs) 在模拟静海水水面挥发的影响及机制. 结 果表明, 低浓度SDBS的存在能抑制OCPs 的挥发, 抑制能力有随SDBS 浓度增加而增加的趋势, 且经盐常数校正后的气2水分配 系数与挥发速率常数在对数散点图上存在很好的正相关关系. OCPs 化合物挥发阻力分析表明, 低浓度SDBS 形成的表面膜不 会对OCPs 的挥发阻力产生直接影响, 但却增加了大气中OCPs 化合物在液面的沉降, 造成净挥发量减少, 且挥发性相对较强的 化合物受表面活性膜的影响更大.[ABstract]:The effect of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate ( SDBS) on the volatilization of 17 organochlorine pesticides ( OCPs) from still artificial seawater has been examined. The results show that SDBS at low concentration can retard the volatilization of OCPs compared to / clean0 surface. The retarding influence ismore pronounced for high level of SDBS than it is for low level of SDBS. A good positive correlation between the gas2seawater partition coefficients and the measured volatilization rates of OCPs is observed. Although the SDBS films present no significant, direct resistance to transfer, the films can absorb more OCPs from the above atmosphere with respect to the / clean0 surface and reduce the net volatilization flux from the still artificial seawater. The effect of the film is more pronounced for volatilization of more volatile OCPs than it is for less volatile OCPs.国家自然科学基金项目( 40603020) ; 中国博士后科学基金 项目(20060390186

P ollution of an ion ic surfactan t and PCB in coasta l surfa ce seawa ter of Fujian Lprovince

[摘要]：用亚甲蓝分光光度法和GC2ECD 法分别对福建近岸表层海水中的阴离子表面活性剂和PCBs进行了分析, 初步探 讨了表层海水中这两类污染物的来源。表层海水中阴离子表面活性剂浓度范围为0. 04~ 1. 987 mg/L, 较高浓度值站点主要 位于九龙江口、闽江口和湄洲湾海域。PCBs的浓度在3. 9 ~ 367. 1 ng/L之间, 整体上近岸站点浓度值比离岸站点高, 中北部 浓度值比南部高。与其他地区的研究结果及海水水质标准进行比较, 福建沿海表层海水中阴离子表面活性剂和PCB的污染 都较为严重。[Abstract]:The an ion ic surfactant and PCB in the coasta l su rface seawater of Fu jian p rovin ce were analyzed bymethylene blue sp ectro2 photometricmethod andGC2ECD, respectively. Th e concen trations ofmethylene b lu e act ive substan ce (MBAS) in th e surface seawater ranged from 0. 04 to 1. 987mg /L with the h ighest value found at the p ipe ou tlet near X iamen Un iversity. The elevated concentrat ions ofMBASwere observed in J iu long jiang, M in jiang Estuary andMeizhou Bay, poss ib ly du e to the d ischarge of sewage. Th e concentrat ions of totalPCBs ( d issolved p lu s particu late phase) ranged from 3. 9 to 367. 1 ng/L in th e surface L seawater and increased concentrat ions were ob served from offsh ore to inshore and from sou th to north. Th e pollut ion of an ion ic surfactan ts and PCBs in the coastal su rface sea2 water of Fu j ian P rovin ce is a seriou s prob lem comparingw ith other values reported andU S and Canada seawater2qu ality criteria.中国博士后科学基金( 20060390186); 国家自然科学基金项目( 40603020

低龄DDH患儿初次开放复位术中股骨截骨必要性的前瞻性随机对照试验研究方案

回顾性研究发现,股骨截骨术并非低龄DDH患儿手术治疗所必须的,而应根据患儿具体情况合理选择;本研究通过多中心前瞻性研究进一步探讨对于18个月至3岁DDH患儿是否要行股骨截骨术。FSODDH项目为一项多中心前瞻性随机对照临床试验研究。研究设计拟招募200名单侧低龄DDH患儿,随机分成股骨截骨组(n=100)和股骨不截骨组(n=100)。股骨截骨组患儿全部采取髋关节开放复位术、骨盆截骨术及股骨截骨术治疗;股骨不截骨组患儿全部采取髋关节开放复位术及骨盆截骨术治疗;术后定期随访至少2年。收集术前、术后1周、术后1个月、术后3个月、术后6个月、术后1年及术后2年的髋关节正位X线影像资料,比较两组患儿的髋臼指数、股骨头坏死率、再脱位率、术中出血量、手术时间和住院天数等临床指标。这一多中心前瞻性研究将能为低龄DDH患儿是否需行股骨截骨术提供循证医学证据

模擬エンジンを搭載した可変翼小型超音速無人機の空力特性の測定 : 共同研究報告（JAXA宇宙科学研究本部）

研究紹介 : 共同研究報

小型無人超音速機の空力特性に関する研究 : 研究成果報告

研究紹介 : 機体関

Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Small Scale Supersonic Flight Experiment Vehicle

Extensive and intensive studies are being carried out for creation of innovative fundamental technologies for realization of hypersonic aircraft and reusable space transportation systems. In the course of the studies, a small scale flight experimental vehicle is under development for validation of the technologies in real high-speed flight environments. The aerodynamic characteristics of the overall configuration of the vehicle are measured by wind tunnel tests at Mach numbers ranging from 0.3 to 2.0. The lift, drag, and pitching trim characteristics are evaluated and assessed in detail.特集 : 「航空宇宙機システム研究センターにおける開発研究」 (2. 小型無人実験機プロジェクトグループ

Optimization of Fermentation Conditions of Marine Algicidal Bacterium Microbulbifer sp. BS03 by Uniform Design

通讯作者 Corresponding author (E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected])[中文文摘]采用均匀设计法设计和二次多项式逐步回归分析,对一株高效杀塔玛亚历山大藻微泡菌BS03(Microbulbifer sp.)产杀藻活性物质的发酵培养条件进行优化.通过单因素实验筛选出碳源、氮源、pH、培养时间和接种量为显著影响因子,并对5个显著影响因子采用U15(155)水平对培养基进行优化.结果表明BS03最适发酵培养条件为:蔗糖8 g/L,蛋白胨10.50 g/L,初始pH值7.5,培养时间32 h,接种量3.00%.验证试验结果显示,在此条件下该菌发酵液的干重为4.725 g/L,较优化前增加了31.35%,LD50为0.768%,较优化前降低了25.14%.研究结果为杀藻活性物质以及杀藻机理的研究奠定了理论基础.[英文文摘]The optimal parameters of fermentation conditions of marine bacterium Microbulbifer sp.BS03 producing algicidal substances against Alexandrium tamarense were obtained by using Uniform Design and quadric polynomial regression methods.Five main factors were achieved through single factor experiments,that is,carbon source,nitrogen source,pH,incubation time and inoculum size.The U15(155) design result showed the optimum conditions of experiment were as follows: sugar 8 g/L,peptone 10.5 g/L,initial pH 7.5,incubation time 32 h, and inoculum size of 3.00%. According to the verifi cation experiment, under the optimal conditions, the dry biomass was 4.725 g/L which was increased by 31.35% and LD50 was 0.768% which was decreased by 25.14% compared with those of the basic fermentation conditions. This outcome will help us to separate active substances from complex components in medium and thus to reveal the mechanism of algicidal activity in the future. Fig 7, Tab 5, Ref 20.国家自然科学基金项目(Nos.40930847,31070442); 福建省自然科学基金项目(Nos.2012J01150,2010J01223);; 福建省教育厅项目(No.JA10232);莆田市科技计划项目[No.2011S09(4)]资助