一种微波放电催化还原脱除氮氧化合物的方法

一种微波放电催化还原脱除氮氧化合物的方法，其特征在于：以CH4为还原剂；以硅铝比小于38的HZSM－5分子筛或其上担载铁为催化剂，铁的重量百分含量为1－20％；用低功率微波在催化剂床层中放电，微波输入功率为30－80W，将NOx直接转化为N2。利用本发明，可在大量氧气及低功率微波条件下，大大提高催化剂的活性，实现用CH4选择性还原NOx为N2。带填

堇青石蜂窝陶瓷载体上SAPO-34分子筛的原位合成

运用水热合成技术在孔密度为６２ｃｅｌｌｓ／ｃｍ＾２的堇青石蜂窝陶瓷上原位合成了ＳＡＰＯ－３４分子筛，并用ＸＲＤ和ＳＥＭ等技术对其进行了表征，结果表明，经过一次水热合成，堇青石蜂窝陶瓷载体的表面上可牢固均匀地生长一层厚度约为３０μｍ的ＳＡＰＯ－３４分子筛，而相应的载体增重约为１５％－２５％，改变合成条件还可使堇青石载体上同时生长ＳＡＰＯ－３４和ＳＡＰＯ－５分子筛。此外，对ＳＡＰＯ－３４分子筛在堇青石载体上的生长机理也作了初步探讨

一种马来酸酐酯化催化剂及其制备方法

一种马来酸酐酯化催化剂，基本组成为SnO，由Sn、碱土金属的前身物在碱溶液存在下，经沉淀、洗涤、干燥而得；其中Sn和碱土金属的前身物是Sn的二价可溶性盐和碱土金属的可溶性盐；所用的碱为氨水、碱金属氢氧化物或碱土金属氢氧化物；沉淀时需要搅拌，沉淀的最终pH：4—8，然后用去离子水洗涤三次，在温度100～110℃下干燥2～10hr。本发明催化活性高，对水稳定，原料价廉易得，制备方法简单，对设备无腐蚀，耐热性能好，易与产物分离。带填

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials