Förstärkt växtskydd med blommande växter – i grönsaks- och fruktodling

I dag finns ett stort intresse bland odlare och rådgivare för biologiska växtskyddsmetoder, speciellt i grönsaks- och fruktodling. Syftet med denna rapport är att förmedla resultat från aktuell forskning som studerat olika metoder för att förbättra biologisk bekämpning genom att gynna olika skadegörares naturliga fiender. Rapporten är en kortad och översatt version av en kunskapssyntes utgiven av EPOK 2016: ”Habitat manipulation – as a pest management tool in vegetable and fruit cropping systems, with focus on insects and mites”, författad av Ulf Nilsson, Mario Porcel, Weronika Świergiel och Maria Wivstad. Jordbruksverket har ansvarat för översättning och textbearbetning som gjorts av Birgitta Rämert och Elisabeth Ögren. Rapporten innehåller även ett tillägg med bilder från svenska odlingar. Merparten av bilderna är från gårdar som medverkar i Jordbruksverkets utvecklingsprojekt ”Biodiversitet i frilandsodling” som startade 2015. Elisabeth Ögren och Johan Ascard, Jordbruksverket, har skrivit bildtexterna i det avsnittet. Med denna kortare rapport vill vi göra materialet från kunskapssyntesen mer lättillgängligt och inspirera till att utveckla biologiska bekämpningsmetoder i praktisk odling

Foredrag Øko2020, Tema Grønnsaker, Landbrukets Økologikongress 2020

Vi har samla slides fra foredraga holdt på Landbrukets Økologikonferanse 2020 under tema Grønnsaker på Øko2020 ble arrangert 21 - 22. januar. Hovedtema for konferansen var jord. PROGRAM Grønnsaker (ikke alle foredrag er publisert) Grønnsaker Slik dyrker jeg gulrot og kålvekster, Heinrich Jung, gardbruker i Solør Ugraskontroll, Thomas Holz, NLR Falskt såbed og organisk gjødsel, Mette Thomsen, NIBIO Blomsterremsor och andra åtgärder för att gynna nyttodjur och pollinerare i grönsaksodlingar i Sverige, Elisabeth Ögren, Jordbruksverket Potensialet med biokull i grønnsakspoduksjonen, Alice Budai, NIBIO Økologiske dyrkningssystemer til grønsagsproduktion med fokus på jordens mikrobielle aktivitet, kvælstof og rodvækst, Hanne Lakkenborg Kristensen, Århus Univeritet, Danmark Slik dyrker jeg potet, Halvor Midtsundstad, gardbruker i Solør Tidligpotet til lagring – en strategi for å redusere tørråte?Anne -Kristin Løes, NORSØ

Foredrag Øko2020, Tema Frukt og bær, Landbrukets Økologikongress 2020

Vi har samla slides fra foredraga holdt på Landbrukets Økologikonferanse 2020 under tema Frukt og bær Øko2020 ble arranger 21 - 22. januar. Hovedtema for konferansen var jord. PROGRAM Frukt og bær (ikke alle foredrag er publisert) Tankar og erfaringar frå ein fruktdyrkar, Marianne Bøthun, Fresvik, Sogn Økologiske jordbær, Brit Mjåland, Inspirasjonsbonde, Marnadal i Agder Status, statistikk økologisk frukt og bær, Frøydis Linden, FM Vestland Regelverk, viktige punkter, Kristin Nymoen-Paulsen, NLR Vest Gjødsel for økologisk frukt og bær, Stanislav Strbac, NLR Viken Økologisk frukt, Gaute Myren, NLR Viken Økologisk jordbær, Jan Karstein Henriksen, NLR Agder Økologisk bringebær, Stanislav Strbac, NLR Viken Økologisk ribes, Sigrid Mogan, NLR Viken Planteverntiltak i økologisk frukt og bær, Sigrid Mogan, NLR Erfaring med blomsterrabatter i frukt og bær i Sverige, Elisabeth Ögren, Jordbruksverket, Sverige NLRs rådgivingstilbud, Sigrid Mogan, NL

Gårdar anses för små – men gör stor nytta

De små gårdarna är allvarligt hotade och därmed också mosaiklandskapet och den gastronomiska mångfalden. Det skriver flera debattörer

Prospective observational cohort study on grading the severity of postoperative complications in global surgery research

Background The Clavien–Dindo classification is perhaps the most widely used approach for reporting postoperative complications in clinical trials. This system classifies complication severity by the treatment provided. However, it is unclear whether the Clavien–Dindo system can be used internationally in studies across differing healthcare systems in high- (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods This was a secondary analysis of the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), a prospective observational cohort study of elective surgery in adults. Data collection occurred over a 7-day period. Severity of complications was graded using Clavien–Dindo and the simpler ISOS grading (mild, moderate or severe, based on guided investigator judgement). Severity grading was compared using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Data are presented as frequencies and ICC values (with 95 per cent c.i.). The analysis was stratified by income status of the country, comparing HICs with LMICs. Results A total of 44 814 patients were recruited from 474 hospitals in 27 countries (19 HICs and 8 LMICs). Some 7508 patients (16·8 per cent) experienced at least one postoperative complication, equivalent to 11 664 complications in total. Using the ISOS classification, 5504 of 11 664 complications (47·2 per cent) were graded as mild, 4244 (36·4 per cent) as moderate and 1916 (16·4 per cent) as severe. Using Clavien–Dindo, 6781 of 11 664 complications (58·1 per cent) were graded as I or II, 1740 (14·9 per cent) as III, 2408 (20·6 per cent) as IV and 735 (6·3 per cent) as V. Agreement between classification systems was poor overall (ICC 0·41, 95 per cent c.i. 0·20 to 0·55), and in LMICs (ICC 0·23, 0·05 to 0·38) and HICs (ICC 0·46, 0·25 to 0·59). Conclusion Caution is recommended when using a treatment approach to grade complications in global surgery studies, as this may introduce bias unintentionally

The surgical safety checklist and patient outcomes after surgery: a prospective observational cohort study, systematic review and meta-analysis

© 2017 British Journal of Anaesthesia Background: The surgical safety checklist is widely used to improve the quality of perioperative care. However, clinicians continue to debate the clinical effectiveness of this tool. Methods: Prospective analysis of data from the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), an international observational study of elective in-patient surgery, accompanied by a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature. The exposure was surgical safety checklist use. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and the secondary outcome was postoperative complications. In the ISOS cohort, a multivariable multi-level generalized linear model was used to test associations. To further contextualise these findings, we included the results from the ISOS cohort in a meta-analysis. Results are reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. Results: We included 44 814 patients from 497 hospitals in 27 countries in the ISOS analysis. There were 40 245 (89.8%) patients exposed to the checklist, whilst 7508 (16.8%) sustained ≥1 postoperative complications and 207 (0.5%) died before hospital discharge. Checklist exposure was associated with reduced mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.49 (0.32–0.77); P\u3c0.01], but no difference in complication rates [OR 1.02 (0.88–1.19); P=0.75]. In a systematic review, we screened 3732 records and identified 11 eligible studies of 453 292 patients including the ISOS cohort. Checklist exposure was associated with both reduced postoperative mortality [OR 0.75 (0.62–0.92); P\u3c0.01; I2=87%] and reduced complication rates [OR 0.73 (0.61–0.88); P\u3c0.01; I2=89%). Conclusions: Patients exposed to a surgical safety checklist experience better postoperative outcomes, but this could simply reflect wider quality of care in hospitals where checklist use is routine

Critical care admission following elective surgery was not associated with survival benefit: prospective analysis of data from 27 countries

This was an investigator initiated study funded by Nestle Health Sciences through an unrestricted research grant, and by a National Institute for Health Research (UK) Professorship held by RP. The study was sponsored by Queen Mary University of London