Evaluation of proptosis using image processing and analysis

Amaç: Proptozisli hastaların orbita manyetik rezonans görüntüleri üzerinde görüntü işleme ve analizle elde edilen antropometrik ölçümleri değerlendirmek. Gereç ve Yöntem: Geriye dönük olan bu çalışmada hastane kayıt sisteminde değerlendirilen 1-18 yaş arası çocukların orbita manyetik rezonans görüntüleri üzerinde ekzoftalmometre yapıldı. Proptozis olduğu belirlenmiş 17 hasta (hasta grubu) ile proptozis olmayan 17 hastanın (kontrol grubu) T2 ağırlıklı manyetik rezonans görüntülerinden en net alınan aksiyel ve koronal kesitleri üzerinde 15 adet ant- ropometrik ölçüm yapıldı. Bu görüntüler Matlab yazılım programında analiz edildi. Her iki grubun analiz sonuçları birbirleri ile karşılaştırıldı. Analizlerde istatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyi p≤0,05 olarak belirlendi. Bulgular: Hasta grubu (9±5.65 yaş) (6 kız, 11 erkek) ve kontrol grubu (7.82±5.46 yaş) (7 kız, 10 erkek) arasında cinsiyet ve yaş açısından anlamlı farklılık gözlenmedi (sırasıyla p=0,360, p=0,734). Hastaların %82’sinde sağ gözde proptozis mevcuttu. Hasta grubunun ant - ropometrik ölçümleri ile kontrol grubunun antropometrik ölçümleri birbirleri ile istatistiksel olarak karşılaştırıldı. İstatistiksel analiz sonucuna göre hasta grupta göz küresinin arkası ile temporal kemik iç tabulası arasında ölçülen mesafenin her iki göz arasındaki farkı, her iki göz küresinin dış kenarının birbirlerine olan uzaklığı ve her iki göz küresi nazal sınırının frontal lob ve nazal septum anteriorunu birleştiren orta hatta olan uzak farkı anlamlı oranda daha yüksek; sağ göz lens kalınlık ölçümleri ise anlamlı oranda daha düşük saptandı (sırasıyla p=0,003, p=0,030, p=0,014 ve p=0,05). Sonuç: Orbital patolojileri olan hastaların orbita manyetik rezonans görüntülerinin görüntü işleme ve analizle yapılan antropometrik ölçümleri proptozisli hastalarda önemli farklılıklar göstermiştir. Bu çalışma, bu konuda ileride yapılacak çalışmalar için temel bir çalışma işlevi görebilirObjectives: Evaluating the anthropometric measurements of patients with proptosis obtained by image processing and analysis on orbital magnetic resonance images. Material and Method: In this retrospective study, an exophthalmometer was performed on orbital magnetic resonance images of children aged 1-18 years, evaluated in the hospital registry system. Anthropometric measurements were performed on the most clearly obtained axial and coronal sections from T2-weighted magnetic resonance images of 17 patients (patient group) with proptosis (patient group) and 17 patients without proptosis (control group). These images were processed and analyzed in the Matlab software program. Analysis results of both groups were compared with each other. The statistical significance level was determined as p≤0.05. Results: No significant difference was observed between the patient group (9±5.65 years) and the control group (7.82±5.46 years) in terms of gender and age (p=0.360, p=0.734, respectively). Proptosis was present in the right eye in 82% of the patients. The anthropometric measurements of the patient group and the anthropometric measurements of the control group were statistically compared with each other. According to statistical analysis, the difference between two distances measured from the back of both globs to the temporal bone inner tabula, the distance of the outer border of both globs to each other and the difference between the distances from the nasal border of the globs to the midline connecting the frontal lobe and anterior nasal septum were found to be significantly higher; whereas lenticular thickness of right eyes were measured significantly lower in the patient group. (p=0.003, p=0.030, p=0.014, p=0.05, respectively). Conclusion: Anthropometric measurements performed by image processing and analysis of orbital magnetic resonance images of patients with orbital pathologies showed significant differences in patients with proptosis. This study can serve as a basic study for future studies on this subject

Effect of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine on ovarian reserve of women of reproductive age

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines developed for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on the ovarian reserve of women of reproductive age. Material and methods: This prospective study was conducted between July and December 2022 in a tertiary care hospital affiliated with a university. A total of 117 patients were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups. The first group (n = 62) consisted of women of reproductive age who received two doses of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine administered 21 days apart. The control group (n = 55) included women with the same demographic characteristics who did not plan to be vaccinated. Hormonal values and basal antral follicle count were compared between two groups. Results: The mean age of the study group was 26.3 ± 3.6 years, and the mean age of the control group was 25.4 ± 6.2 years (p = 0.332). In the vaccinated group, mean follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) on day 2 was 5.29 ± 2.28; luteinizing hormone (LH): 5.18 ± 1.3; E2: 46.43 ± 24.51; anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH): 4.17 ± 2.1; antral follicle count: 16.23 ± 8.04; right ovarian volume: 6.4 ± 1.7; left ovarian volume: 6.2 ± 2.1. FSH measured at D2 in the control group was 5.68 ± 1.89; LH: 5.22 ± 2.2; E2: 48.41 ± 27.12; AMH: 4.30 ± 1.74; number of antral follicles: 15.64 ± 9.04; right ovarian volume: 6.1 ± 1.8; left ovarian volume: 6.3 ± 1.4. There were no statistically significant differences for FSH, LH, E2, AMH, ovarian volume, and number of antral follicles on the second day of menstruation between the groups. Conclusions: According to the results of the present study, the mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine does not affect the ovarian reserve of patients

PD-L1 expression in immune cells is a favorable prognostic factor for nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Background: Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has been determined as a reliable prognostic factor for various malignancies. In this study, we aimed to determine the prognostic effect of PD-L1 expression in tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients.Methods: Seventy patients diagnosed with non-metastatic NPC were included in the study. PD-L1 expression on immune cells was analyzed by immunohistochemical method. Patients were categorized into two groups according to the PD-L1 expression level in TIICs (level of PD-L1 staining ≥5% positive vs <5% negative).Results: Median follow-up period was 34 months (range = 1 - 188). 1 and 2 years survival rate were found as 75% and 63% in PD-L1 negative TIICs group (47%), and 85% and 83% in PD-L1 positive TIICs group (53%), respectively. PD-L1 positivity in immune cells (ICs) was detected in 53% of the patients. The survival rate was found better in the PD- L1 positive group compared to the negative group (P = 0.049).Discussion: In conclusion, the survival rate was found significantly better in the PD-L1 positive TIICs group, compared to the negative group

Skin manifestations following anti-COVID-19 vaccination: A multicentricstudy from Turkey

Purpose: After the emergence of the pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus, vaccination with various vaccines has started to be implemented across the world. To identify dermatological reactions developing after the COVID-19 vaccines administered in Turkey and determine their clinical features and risk factors that may play a role in their development. Materials and Methods: The study included patients aged ≥18 years, who presented to 13 different dermatology clinics in Turkey between July 2021 and September 2021 after developing dermatological reactions following the administration of the COVID-19 vaccine. After providing written consent, the patients were asked to complete a standard survey including questions related to age, gender, occupation, comorbidities, the regular medication used, the onset of cutaneous reactions after vaccination, and localization of reactions. Dermatological reactions were categorized according to whether they developed after the first or second dose of the vaccine or whether they occurred after the inactivated or messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine. The relationship between dermatological reactions and some variables such as gender and comorbidities was also evaluated. Results: A total of 269 patients [116 women (43.1%), 153 men (56.9%)] were included in the study. It was observed that the dermatological diseases and reactions that most frequently developed after vaccination were urticaria (25.7%), herpes zoster (24.9%), maculopapular eruption (12.3%), and pityriasis rosea (4.5%). The rate of dermatological reactions was 60.6% after the administration of the mRNA vaccine and 39.4% after that of the inactivated vaccine. There was a statistically significantly higher number of reactions among the patients that received the mRNA vaccine (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The most common reactions in our sample were urticaria, herpes zoster, and maculopapular eruption. Physicians should know the dermatological side effects of COVID-19 vaccines and their clinical features

The Comporison of Simple Sentence Structures in Arabic and Kurdish

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Arapça ile Kürtçedeki basit cümle yapılarını incelemek ve karşıtsal çözümleme yöntemiyle aralarındaki benzerlik ve farklılıklar tespit etmektir. Çalışma, nitel bir çalışma olup tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini Arapça ve Kürtçe ile ilgili dil bilgisi kaynakları, örneklemini ise her iki dilde yazılmış kaynaklardan elde edilen cümleler ve araştırmacı tarafından ifade edilen cümleler oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışma, beş bölümden meydana gelmektedir. Birinci bölümde dil, ana dil, yabancı dil hakkında bilgiler verilmiş; araştırmaya ilişkin problem durumu, araştımanın amacı, araştırmanın önemi, sınırlılıklar, sayıltılar, ilgili araştırmalar ve tanımlara yer verilmiştir. İkinci bölümde yöntemle ilgili bilgilerin verildiği çalışmada üçüncü bölümde dilbilime, karşıtsal çözümlemeye, Arapça ve Kürtçenin genel özelliklerine değinilmiştir. Dördüncü bölümde Arapça ve Kürtçedeki basit cümle yapıları ayrı ayrı incelenerek aralarındaki benzer ve farklı yönler ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmanın son bölümünde ise karşılaştırmalar sonucu elde edilen veriler ışığında Arapça ve Kürtçe basit cümle yapılarında yapısal ve söz dizimsel olarak öne çıkan benzerlik ve farklılıklara dikkat çekilmiştir. Yapılan araştırma sonucunda her iki dil arasındaki benzerlik ve farklılıkların göz ardı edilmeyecek derecede olduğu görülmüştür. Benzerlik ve farklılıkların tespit edilmesiyle ortaya çıkan verilerin bu iki dilin öğrenim sürecine olumlu katkılar sağlayacağı açıktır.The aim of this study was to examine the simple sentence structure in the Arabic and Kurdish and identify the similarities and differences between them by contrastive analysis method. The study was a qualitative one and scanning model was used. The universe of the study consisted the grammar resources in Arabic and Kurdish; the sample of it consisted the sentences obtained from resources written in both languages and the sentences expressed by the researcher. This study consisted of five sections. In the first part, information about language, native language and foreign language was presented; and the problem situation related with the research, the aim of the research, the importance of the research, limitations, assumptions, relevant researches and definitions were given place. In the second part of the study information about the method was given, in the third part linguistics, contrasting way analysis method and the general characteristics of Arabic and Kurdish were emphasized. In the fourth part, the simple sentence structures in Arabic and Kurdish were examined seperately and the similarities and diffferences between them were revealed. In the last part of the study, in the light of the data obtained from comparisons, structural and syntactical similarities and differences in Arabic and Kurdish simple sentence structures that come forward were drawn attention. As a result of this research, it was seen that the similarities and differences between the two languages were so many that can't be ignored. It is evident that the data resulting from the identification of similarities and differences will provide a positive contribution to the learning process of these two languages

Images multiples de la pharmacie : Wolfgang-Hagen Hein (hrsg. von), Apotheker-Kalender 1980

Images multiples de la pharmacie : Wolfgang-Hagen Hein (hrsg. von), Apotheker-Kalender 1980. In: Revue d'histoire de la pharmacie, 68ᵉ année, n°244, 1980. p. 67

Determination of systemic and local causes of orbital proptosis diagnosed by neuroradiological modalities

Purpose: To determine the demographic and etiological characteristics in patients with orbital proptosis diagnosed by neuroimaging studies. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed neuroradiological images taken in the obtained during 11-years period (between January, 2009 and July, 2020) by extracting from in the hospital information system. Record system were analyzed retrospectively. An exophthalmometer was performed on the orbital images. The patients diagnosed as orbital proptosis with available clinical and histological data were included in the study. Results: The study included 167 patients (including 30 pediatric patients). It was found that the most common cause of orbital proptosis was inflammatory diseases of orbit, namely orbital cellulitis in children and thyroid orbitopathy in adults; followed by the primary benign tumors of orbit. Among the malignant tumors, primary orbital tumors were more common in children whereas secondary orbital tumors extending from the systemic or local regions were more common in adults. Bilateral proptosis was found in 43.1% of all cases. It was observed that the numbers of systemic (69 cases, 50.3%) and local diseases causing proptosis (68 cases, 49.6%) were comparable in adults while the local diseases causing proptosis (28 cases, 93.3%) were more common than systemic diseases causing proptosis (2 cases, 6.6%) in children. Conclusion: It was found that there was both local and systemic causes of orbital proptosis including those can threaten vision and life. The knowledge of etiological reasons in this series will assist the clinician in assessment of orbital proptosis detected at presentation in patients living in the same geography, ensuring early diagnosis and treatment

İLKÖĞRETİM OKULLARINDAKİ BAZI KURULLARIN ETKİLİLİĞİ ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME

Bu arastırmanın amacı, ilköğretim okullarında yer alan kurulların isleyisinde karsılasılan güçlükleri belirlemek ve bunlara iliskin çözüm önerileri gelistirmektir. Arastırmanın çalısma grubunu, 2006–2007 eğitim-öğretim yılında Eskisehir merkez ilköğretim okullarında görev yapan ve rastlantısal yolla seçilen 36 katılımcı olusturmustur. Arastırmanın verileri, okullarda görev yapan ve aynı zamanda eğitim bölgesi müdürler kurulu üyeleri olan okul müdürleri ve eğitim bölgesi koordinatör okul müdürü, öğrenci davranıslarını değerlendirme kurulu, yöneltme öneri kurulu, zümre öğretmenler kurulu baskan ve üyelerinden ‘yarı yapılandırılmıs görüsme tekniği’ kullanılarak elde edilmistir. Verilerin çözümlenmesinde betimsel analiz tekniği kullanılmıstır. Arastırma bulgularına göre; kurulların islevselliğini olumsuz yönde etkileyen belli baslı etmenlerin kurulların isleyisindeki izlek fazlalılığı, yerel yönetimler ve sivil toplum kuruluslarıyla yasanan sıkıntılar ile maddi kaynak yoksunluğu olduğu sonucuna ulasılmıstır

In vitro investigation on extracellular traps formation of cat polymorphonuclear leucocytes against Toxoplasma gondii

Neutrophil granulocytes are one of the most important defenders of the innate immune system in the host. Moreover, neutrophils are able to reach the inflammation area and kill the pathogens using various defense strategies including neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). However, there is still not enough information available regarding the innate immunity against Toxoplasma gondii in cats that are both definitive and intermediate hosts of this parasite. Therefore, we investigated the in vitro NETs formation which is induced by cat polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) against T. gondii tachyzoites. Firstly, PMNs were isolated from cat venous blood samples by using discontinues Percoll dilutions (72%, 63%, 54%, and 45%). Afterward, MN-tachyzoites cocultures were stained against histone (H3), neutrophil elastase (NE), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) by using monoclonal antibodies and were examined under a fluorescence microscope. The effect of different parasite doses (1:1, 1:3, and 1:5) and incubation times (30, 60, 90, and 120 min) on NETs formation was also evaluated. The presence of the extracellular DNA content was measured using a fluorometer. Confluent Vero cell cultures were used to assess the effect of NETs on the tachyzoites viability. The classical structures of NETs, such as extracellular DNA, NE, H3, and MPO were microscopically observed in the NETs formation released from cat PMNs. The amount of extracellular DNA increased in parallel with the incubation time (p 0.05). Zymosan was used as a positive control in the experiments and it was shown to be an important inducer for the NETs formation. In conclusion, as mentioned previous studies and considering our results, the NETs may be a conserved strategy to control T. gondii infection in hosts because of the immobilization and lethal effects