La integración mediática de los caboverdianos en Burela: análisis crítico desde la opinión experta

Traballo fin de mestrado (UDC.SOC). Migracións internacionais: investigación, políticas migratorias e mediación intercultural. Curso 2009/201

Identifying the most suitable endogenous control for determining gene expression in hearts from organ donors

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) is a useful tool for assessing gene expression in different tissues, but the choice of adequate controls is critical to normalise the results, thereby avoiding differences and maximizing sensitivity and accuracy. So far, many genes have been used as a single reference gene, without having previously verified their value as controls. This practice can lead to incorrect conclusions and recent evidence indicates a need to use the geometric mean of data from several control genes. Here, we identified an appropriate set of genes to be used as an endogenous reference for quantifying gene expression in human heart tissue.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Our findings indicate that out of ten commonly used reference genes (<it>GADPH, PPIA, ACTB, YWHAZ, RRN18S, B2M, UBC, TBP, RPLP and HPRT</it>), <it>PPIA</it>, <it>RPLP </it>and <it>GADPH </it>show the most stable gene transcription levels in left ventricle specimens obtained from organ donors, as assessed using geNorm and Normfinder software. The expression of <it>TBP </it>was found to be highly regulated.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We propose the use of <it>PPIA</it>, <it>RPLP </it>and <it>GADPH </it>as reference genes for the accurate normalisation of qRT-PCR performed on heart tissue. <it>TBP </it>should not be used as a control in this type of tissue.</p

Influence of laser texturing on the wettability of PTFE

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is a synthetic fluoropolymer showing excellent thermal and electrical insulation properties and a low coefficient of friction. Due to its large stability, and hydrophobic nature, the wettability of PTFE surfaces can be reduced to transform them into superhydrophobic. In this regard, laser texturing is a fast, simple and versatile method to produce superhydrophobic PTFE surfaces in one-step, and over large areas. In this work, we used a CO2 laser to modify the surface of PTFE samples. We studied the effect of the processing parameters (laser power or irradiance, scanning speed, and spacing -overlapping- between scan lines) on the wettability of textured surfaces using water, mineral oil and ethanol/water solutions as test fluids. Laser-treated surfaces showed a hierarchical micro- and nanotopography with a cotton-like appearance. The higher roughness and large quantity of air pockets make these laser-treated surfaces superhydrophobic, and highly oleophobic. Furthermore, they remain unaltered after being in contact with strong alkali and acid solutions or after slight friction. The self-cleaning performance of these surfaces was also demonstrated. The present findings suggest that CO2 laser texturing of PTFE is suitable for the large-scale preparation of surfaces with low-wettability to different liquids.Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. RTI2018-095490-J-I00Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431C 2019/23Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED481D 2017/010Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED481B 2016/047-0Xunta de Galicia | Ref. POS-A/2013/16

Análisis curricular del programa de la asignatura de pedíatria para el cuarto año de medicina. Curricular Análisis on the Syllabus of the Subject of Pediatrics for the 4th. Academic Year of Medicine

La planeación curricular exige de cambios transformadores, capaces de formar el profesional competente, y capaz de laborar acorde a las competencias y desempeños del mercado profesional vigente. Por ello los diseños establecidos en asignaturas, planes y/o programas de estudios deben ir al unísono de todos los cambios que la sociedad imperante genera. Se realiza una revisión del actual diseño curricular del Programa vigente para la Asignatura de Pediatría por un grupo de profesores que componen la cátedra de dicha asignatura, en el Hospital Pediátrico Provincial Docente "Pepe Portilla" de Pinar del Río, Cuba, durante el período del año 2006. El objetivo básico de esta revisión documental es: desarrollar un análisis crítico del actual Programa de la Asignatura de Pediatría, que nos permita formular sus transformaciones. Se parte en la revisión de efectuar un diagnóstico con profesores, alumnos de 4to año y graduados con la aplicación de este programa. Son determinadas a partir del diagnóstico un total de 4 suficiencias y 9 insuficiencias en el diseño curricular que presenta el programa. La revisión llega a las siguientes conclusiones: el actual diseño curricular del Programa vigente para la Asignatura de Pediatría debe ser  reestructurado de manera inmediata, ya que el mismo no responde a las actuales necesidades de aprendizaje del médico que formamos, ni a los retos de transformación actuales, que es el perfeccionamiento continuo de planes y programas de estudio vigentes para la Educación Superior Las transformaciones curriculares deben ser efectuadas  debido a las necesidades imperantes de desarrollo de la sociedad. Se proponen un grupo de transformaciones sobre el diseño de este programa de asignatura de Pediatría que contribuirán al desarrollo de competencias y desempeño acordes a las actuales tendencias. Palabras clave: Planeación curricular, diseño curricular, programa de asignatura de Pediatría, transformaciones curriculares. ABSTRACT The curricular planning requires transforming changes, capable of forming competent professionals, capable of working in accordance with the competition and performance of the current professional market. That is why the designs set in subjects, plans and/or syllabi must be in one accord with all the changes which the present-day society produces. A revision of the current curricular model of the in-force syllabus for the subject of Pediatrics was revised by a group of professors from the Department of the said subject, at "Pepe Portilla" Provincial Teaching Pediatric Hospital in Pinar del Río, during 2006. The basic aim of this documentary revision was to carry out a critical analysis on the current syllabus of the subject of Pediatrics, which allows us to formulate its transformations. The revision was done from a diagnosis with professors, 4th year students and graduates with the application of this syllabus. From the diagnosis 4 adequacies and 9 inadequacies were found in the curricular design that the syllabus presents. After the revision, the following conclusiones were tailored: the current curricular designs of the in-force syllabus for the subject of Pediatrics must be structured immediately, as it does not meet the current needs of learning on doctors' part nor does it respond to the challenges of current transformations, which is the ongoing improvement of in-force plans and syllabus for Higher Education. Curricular transformations should be carried out due to prevailing needs of development in society. Various transformations on the design of this syllabus for the subject of Pediatrics were proposed and will contribute to the development of competition and performance in accordance with the current trends. Key words: CURRICULAR PLANNING, CURRICULAR DESIGN, SYLLABUS FOR THE SUBJECT OF PEDIATRICS, CURRICULAR TRANSFORMATIONS

Infección del Tracto Urinario en el niño.

The urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most frequent infections in children.  It affects 2.6% and 3.4% of children each year, and its diagnosis and treatment provoke a high economic cost. However, it is not easy to diagnose a UTI because the clinic, especially in children under two years old, uses to be unespecific. Although the uroculture is the  reference diagnosis method,  the difficulties for the picking up and delay of the results demands for empirical diagnosis, considering the clinical data and results of the parameters of urine samples. It was performed a descriptive research of bibliographic revision about urinary tract infections, with the objective to know the main characteristics of this disease through its definition, physiopathology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment. As conclusion it can be said that physiopathology and the main clinical manifestations vary by age and germs characteristics. To establish the diagnosis we based upon the direct and indirect methods and the treatment depends on the topographic place of the infection and the patient risk according to the risk level of each patient.La Infección del Tracto Urinario (ITU) es una de las infecciones más frecuentes en la infancia. Se estima que afecta entre el 2,6% y el 3,4% de los niños cada año, ocasionando su diagnóstico y tratamiento un elevado costo económico. Sin embargo, no es fácil diagnosticar una ITU ya que la clínica sobre todo en menores de dos años, suele ser inespecífica. Aunque el urocultivo es el método diagnóstico de referencia, las dificultades para su recogida y la demora de su resultado obligan a menudo a establecer un diagnóstico empírico, considerando los datos clínicos y los resultados de los parámetros de los análisis de orina. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de tipo revisión bibliográfica sobre las Infecciones del tracto Urinario, con el objetivo de conocer las principales características de esta enfermedad, a través de su definición, fisiopatología, manifestaciones clínicas, diagnóstico y tratamiento. Teniendo como conclusiones que la fisiopatología y las principales manifestaciones clínicas varían con la edad y las características del germen, para establecer el diagnóstico nos basamos en métodos directos e indirectos y el tratamiento depende de la localización topográfica de la infección y del riesgo del paciente, de acuerdo al grado de riesgo de cada paciente

Prevención e intervención de las dificultades de aprendizaje en lectura

Programs of strategic and mediated reading instruction based on cognitive processes allow the effective mastery of this specific skill, as well as the improvement of cognitive processes. Students of 2nd, 5th, and 6th grade of Primary Education, with and without risk of reading difficulty, participated in the implementation of this type of programs. The 2nd-grade students, at risk of reading difficulty, received a reinforcement program in reading skills with a methodology designed so that learning to read took place spontaneously through the internalization of principles and strategies. The students of 5th and 6th grade, without risk of reading difficulty, participated in a program of reading comprehension based on the strategic and metacognitive instruction of this skill. In 2nd grade, the results indicated a significant improvement of successive cognitive processing, associated with the mastery of phonological awareness. In 5th and 6th grade, significant improvements were obtained in reading comprehension and in the cognitive process of planning, linked to the use of strategies and to learning supervision and regulation. For some student, the 2nd-graders, the use of this type of intervention programs constitutes the best prevention of learning difficulty, as it significantly improves their scores in successive processing. The results obtained in 5th and 6th grade extend our existing knowledge of the efficacy of instruction programs in reading comprehension by including support through questions formulated in the learning context in order to make the students aware of the most efficient cognitive strategies for the development of reading competence.Los programas de enseñanza estratégica y mediada de la lectura basados en procesos cognitivos permiten el dominio eficaz de esta habilidad específica, así como la mejora de los procesos cognitivos. Estudiantes de 2º, 5º y 6º curso de la etapa de Educación Primaria, con y sin riesgo de dificultad lectora, participaron en la implementación de este tipo de programas. A los estudiantes de 2º curso, en riesgo de dificultad lectora, se les aplicó un programa de refuerzo en habilidades lectoras con una metodología diseñada para que el aprendizaje de la lectura tuviese lugar de manera espontánea a través de la interiorización de principios y estrategias. Los estudiantes de 5º y 6º curso, sin riesgo de dificultad lectora, participaron de un programa de comprensión lectora basado en la instrucción estratégica y metacognitiva de dicha habilidad. En 2º curso los resultados indicaron una mejora significativa del proceso cognitivo sucesivo, asociado al dominio de la conciencia fonológica. En 5º y 6º se obtuvieron mejoras significativas en compresión lectora y en el proceso cognitivo de planificación, vinculado al uso de estrategias y a la supervisión y regulación del aprendizaje. Para los estudiantes de 2º curso, el uso de este tipo de programas de intervención constituye la mejor prevención de la dificultad de aprendizaje como evidencia en la mejora significativa de sus puntuaciones en procesamiento sucesivo. Los resultados obtenidos en 5º y 6º amplían el conocimiento existente sobre la eficacia de los programas de instrucción en comprensión lectora al incluir, en el contexto de aprendizaje, el apoyo mediante preguntas para hacer conscientes a los estudiantes de las estrategias cognitivas más eficientes para el desarrollo de la competencia lectora

Air-sea CO2 fluxes in the Atlantic as measured during the FICARAM cruises

A total of fourteen hydrographic cruises spanning from 2000 to 2008 were conducted during the spring and autumn seasons between Spain and the Southern Ocean, under the framework of the Spanish research project FICARAM. The performed underway measurements are processed and analysed to describe the meridional air-sea CO2 fluxes (F CO2) along the Atlantic Ocean. The data was organised into different biogeochemical oceanographic provinces, according mainly to the thermohaline characteristics. The obtained spatial and temporal distributions of F CO2 follow the generally expected patterns and annual trends. The Subtropical regions in both hemispheres alternated the CO2 source and sink nature from autumn to spring, respectively. On the other hand, Tropical waters and the Patagonian Sea clearly behaved as sinks of atmospheric CO2 like the waters of the Drake Passage during autumn. The obtained results during the cruises also revealed significant long-term trends, such as the warming of equatorial waters (0.11±0.03 Cyr−1) and the decrease of surface salinity (−0.16±0.01 yr−1) in tropical waters caused by the influence of the Amazon River plume. This reduction in surface salinity appears to have a direct influence over the CO2 storage rates, fostering the uptake capacity of atmospheric CO2 (−0.09±0.03 molm−2 yr−1). An analysis of the biogeochemical forcing on the CO2 fugacity (fCO2) variability performed from an empirical algorithm highlighted the major role of the Amazon River input in the tropical North Atlantic fluxes. In addition, it has provided a quantitative measure of the importance of the thermodynamic control of F CO2 at temperate latitudes