A Numerical Simulation Study on Natural Gas Hydrate Reservoir Exploitation

The TOUGH2 is a set of seepage simulation software developed by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; its function has many common grounds with aspects of gas hydrate reservoir exploitation including gas and fluid seepage, mass and heat transferenc

化工专业开设新产品开发课程必要性与教学心得

本文从化工专业本科生培养目标的角度,论述了化工专业开设化工新产品开发课程的必要性,并结合化工企业技术产品创新的特点,阐述了化工新产品开发管理在化工企业研发中的重要性

Influence of copper content on structural features and performance of pre-reduced LaMn_(1-x)Cu_xO_3 (0≤x<1) catalysts for methanol synthesis from CO_2/H_2

A series of pre-reduced LaMn1-xCuxO3 (0≤x<1) catalysts for methanol synthesis from CO2 hydrogenation were prepared by a sol-gel method. The catalytic performances were strongly dependent on the copper content. XRD investigation revealed that the single perovskite structure could be preserved after being reduced, when the substitution for Mn by Cu was less than 50%. The Cu-doped (x=0.5) LaMnO3 was much more active than the other catalysts for reaction, showing CO2 conversion up to 11.33% and methanol selectivity close to 82.14%. The structural features of samples (x≤0.5) were studied. It was determined that copper existed as Cu+ species under reduction conditions. H2 was adsorbed on Cu+ sites and CO2 was activated on the medium CO2 active species in the lattice. The strong interaction between Cu+ and Mn inhibited the further reduction from Cu+ to Cu0 and made the fine dispersion of medium basic site to adsorb CO2, contributing to reactivity

甲醇对稠油热裂解降黏过程的影响

将甲醇引入稠油热裂解降黏过程,在高压反应釜中模拟井下开采稠油的温度和压力,考察了甲醇添加量、反应时间和反应温度对稠油降黏率的影响。实验结果表明,最佳反应条件为甲醇添加量(基于100g稠油)4mL、反应温度150℃、反应时间4h。在此条件下,稠油降黏率达到36.49%,而在相同反应温度和时间下,不加甲醇时的稠油降黏率仅为15.67%,表明甲醇对稠油热裂解降黏过程有促进作用。对反应后得到的甲醇相进行气相色谱分析,分析结果显示,甲醇相中存在硫化物,几乎不含烃类物质,甲醇溶解了稠油热裂解生成的硫化物,促进了稠油热裂解反应的进行,从而降低了稠油的黏度

Effect of Various Prepared Method on Catalytic Performance of Cu-Mn-Si/HZSM-5 Catalyst for CO_2 Hydrogenation

分别采用物理混和、共沉积法和超声共沉积法制备了Cu-Mn-Si/HZSM-5复合催化剂,并用XRD、BET、H2-TPR、H2-TPD和NH3-TPD等手段进行了表征,考察3种制备方法对催化剂催化加氢性能的影响。结果表明:超声共沉积法制备的Cu-Mn-Si/HZSM-5催化剂颗粒均匀、粒径小、催化性能最好。H2-TPR、H2-TPD和NH3-TPD分析表明,采用超声共沉积法制备催化剂,更能促进Cu(Ⅰ)、Cu(Ⅱ)之间的相互转换,增强了铜锰复合氧化物相互作用,有利于催化剂表面活性物种Cu+形成。同时,增强了对H2的吸附强度,使表面的酸度增强,促进了催化剂活性的提高。Cu-Mn-Si/HZSM-5 catalysts were prepared via the physical hybrid method,co-precipitation method and Ultrasonic co-precipitation method,and these catalysts were characterized by XRD,BET,H2-TPR,H2-TPDand NH3-TPD to analyse catalytic performance of the catalysts.The results showed that although sonication can not obviously change the physical structure of catalysts,it can make partical uniform and tiny,and.The results indicated that Cu-MnSi/HZSM-5 catalysts prepared by the Ultrasonic co-precipitation method had uniform grain,small grain size and the best catalytic capacity.H2-TPR,H2-TPD and NH3-TPD results suggested that it promote the creation of Cu+ on surface of catalyst and enhance the interaction of copper-manganese compound oxide so that active specie Cu are difficult to be reduced by ultrasonic co-precipitation method.At the same time,adsorption sites for H2 were increased,acidity of surface of catalyst was increased and acid sites were stronger,promoting enhancement of activity of catalyst

减阻沟槽边界层相干结构展向拓扑的分层可视化

采用高时间分辨率粒子图像测速系统(TR-PIV),分别对沟槽壁面及光滑壁面平板湍流边界层速度矢量场的时间序列进行了精细测量,并利用新象限分裂法及新条件采样与相位平均技术,在李山等人对数区结果的基础上,对光滑壁面和沟槽面湍流边界层近壁区及外区相干结构二维空间拓扑的形态进行了进一步地对比研究。结果表明:在近壁区和对数区内,与光滑壁面相比,不论喷射事件还是扫掠事件,减阻沟槽使得相干结构法向脉动强度降低最为明显,即相干结构在法向上的动量和能量交换减弱,削弱了其对湍流产生的贡献;而进入外区以后,减阻沟槽对法向脉动速度分量和展向涡量在喷射和扫掠过程中影响比内区要小,说明沟槽主要影响湍流边界层内区结构,且以..

Effect of rutile content on photocatalytic water-splitting for hydrogen production over composite-crystal nano-TiO_2

合成了不同金红石相含量的纳米TiO2,并研究了其光催化分解水制氢的活性。结果表明,未沉积Pt时,纯锐钛矿TiO2活性最高,金红石相含量的增加导致TiO2活性下降并在下降过程中出现波动。沉积Pt后,TiO2产氢速率随金红石相含量的增加先增后减,在金红石相质量分数为9.7%时达到最高,为40.35 mmol/(gcat.h)。首次提出了金红石相含量对混晶纳米TiO2光催化分解水制氢活性的影响机理。A series of composite-crystal nano-TiO2 powder with various contents of rutile were synthesized by the sol-gel method,and were calcined at various temperatures.The effect of rutile content on photocatalytic water-splitting for hydrogen production over composite-crystal nano-TiO2 was studied in the presence of formaldehyde as sacrificial reagent.The results showed that TiO2 with pure anatase showed the best photocatalytic activity,and increase of rutile content caused a decrease of activity,during which a fluctuation was observed.As Pt was deposited on nano-TiO2 surface by the photo-reduction method,the rates of H2 evolution increased first and then decreased with the increase of rutile content.The maximum value,which reached 40.35 mmol/(gcat.h),was obtained with nano-TiO2 containing 9.7% rutile.A mechanism of the effect of rutile content on photocatalytic water-splitting for hydrogen production over composite-crystal nano-TiO2 was proposed

Bio-Inspired Aggregation Control of Carbon Nanotubes for Ultra-Strong Composites

High performance nanocomposites require well dispersion and high alignment of the nanometer-sized components, at a high mass or volume fraction as well. However, the road towards such composite structure is severely hindered due to the easy aggregation of these nanometer-sized components. Here we demonstrate a big step to approach the ideal composite structure for carbon nanotube (CNT) where all the CNTs were highly packed, aligned, and unaggregated, with the impregnated polymers acting as interfacial adhesions and mortars to build up the composite structure. The strategy was based on a bio-inspired aggregation control to limit the CNT aggregation to be sub 20--50 nm, a dimension determined by the CNT growth. After being stretched with full structural relaxation in a multi-step way, the CNT/polymer (bismaleimide) composite yielded super-high tensile strengths up to 6.27--6.94 GPa, more than 100% higher than those of carbon fiber/epoxy composites, and toughnesses up to 117--192 MPa. We anticipate that the present study can be generalized for developing multifunctional and smart nanocomposites where all the surfaces of nanometer-sized components can take part in shear transfer of mechanical, thermal, and electrical signals

脱氧胆酸改性普鲁兰多糖纳米粒子制备与表征

通过酯化反应将脱氧胆酸偶联于普鲁兰多糖骨架形成具有两亲性的普鲁兰多糖衍生物(DP),采用纳米沉淀法制备纳米粒子(DPNs),考察制备条件对纳米粒子性质影响,为进一步将其作为药物载体的研究提供基础。衍生物DP结构通过FT-IR和1 H NMR表征,DPNs经透射电镜、动态光散射仪和zeta电位仪表征检测。获得不同取代度脱氧胆酸改性普鲁兰多糖衍生物,制备得到的纳米粒子呈球形,表面光滑规整,平均粒径100～300nm,zeta电位在-20mV左右。脱氧胆酸改性普鲁兰多糖衍生物通过纳米沉淀法能制备出纳米粒子,颗粒性质受制备条件影响