Language processors for the Motorola M68000 microprocessor

A set of software tools for the Motorola M68000 microprocessor was developed to run under the UNIX* operating system. A C language cross compiler was created by modifying the UNIX ‘C’ compiler for the PDP-11. A macro cross assembler was designed and implemented to produce relocatable object modules for the M68000 in the a.out format of PDP-11 UNIX object modules. The UNIX loader for the PDP-11 was changed to allow relocation of 32-bit quantities as required by the M68000. A small set of utility routines was also written to assist in the implementation effort. The language processors and utilities provide the means by which high level ‘C’ programs can produce executable images for the M68000. All of the programs are currently running on a PDP-11/70 UNIX system

EFFECT OF THE TREASURY BONDS AUCTION ON THE SECONDARY MARKET IN POLAND IN THE YEARS 2001-2010

Celem artykułu jest dokonanie analizy pierwotnego i wtórnego rynku obligacji skarbowych w Polsce. Praca składa się z trzech części. W pierwszej z nich przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczące niedoszacowania cen na rynku wtórnym papierów skarbowych prowadzone na rynkach zagranicznych. Następnie przeprowadzono analizę rynku obligacji skarbowych w Polsce (wartość i liczba przetargów, wielkość zadłużenia publicznego, rozmiar rynku wtórnego itd.). W trzeciej części artykułu zaprezentowano uzyskane wyniki. Wykorzystując metodę testów zdarzeń, autorka poszukiwała anomalii w kształtowaniu się cen na rynku wtórnym obligacji skarbowych w okresie natychmiast przed i po przetargu.This paper presents an analysis of the primary and secondary market for Polish treasury bonds. The paper focuses on three issues. Firstly, the author presents the results of the findings on underpricing on the secondary and primary market in several countries reported by other researches. Secondly, he analyses the treasury bonds market in Poland (in terms of its value and number of auctions, public debt, size of the secondary market, etc.). Thirdly, the obtained results are presented. Using an event study approach, the author was looking for anomalies in the pricing behaviour on the treasury bonds secondary market immediately before and after an auction of seasoned bonds

The investigation of the Bayesian rough set model

AbstractThe original Rough Set model is concerned primarily with algebraic properties of approximately defined sets. The Variable Precision Rough Set (VPRS) model extends the basic rough set theory to incorporate probabilistic information. The article presents a non-parametric modification of the VPRS model called the Bayesian Rough Set (BRS) model, where the set approximations are defined by using the prior probability as a reference. Mathematical properties of BRS are investigated. It is shown that the quality of BRS models can be evaluated using probabilistic gain function, which is suitable for identification and elimination of redundant attributes

Polymer Waveguide Amplifiers

Polymer-based optical waveguides are a promising technology for integrating optical links onto standard printed circuit boards as they enable cost-effective manufacturing and assembly as well as offer high bandwidth. The motivation for this work is to address the lack of amplifying components the currently demonstrated polymer interconnects, which limits the complexity, functionality and reach of these systems. This dissertation studies combination of rare-earth-doped material with polymer platform to create compact erbium-doped waveguide amplifiers (EDWAs) for board-level interconnect applications. Siloxane polymer materials developed by Dow Corning are used as they have shown the necessary optical, mechanical and thermal properties required for EDWA designs (such as the ability to withstand temperatures in excess of 350 °C). The feasibility of two approaches for integrating Er-doped materials into siloxane polymer layers is investigated, namely: (i) ultrafast laser plasma implantation (ULPI) and (ii) solution-based dispersion of Er-doped nanoparticles (NP). Er-doped thin films are prepared with these two methods and their properties investigated. The maximum dopant concentrations and lifetimes are determined to be 16.3, 4.4 and 1.5 × 10$^{20}$ cm$^{-3}$ and 12.1, 4.2 and 5.7 ms for ULPI into silica glass, ULPI into polymer and the dispersion of erbium NPs in a polymer matrix, respectively. An EDWA numerical modelling framework is developed to optimise the erbium-ytterbium ratio to maximise the device gain while accounting for various potential integration methods and waveguide design parameters. Using a channel geometry based on the measured optical properties of Er-doped glass, an internal gain of 9.6 dB/cm is predicted at the optimal Er:Yb ratio of 9.0:7.3 × 10$^{20}$ cm$^{-3}$ when pumped at an optical power of 200 mW. A hybrid, polymer-glass strip-loaded design is proposed to combine the highly doped glass layer with the polymer material. While a slightly lower gain of 7.4 dB/cm is projected in the re-optimised design under the same operating conditions, it benefits from a simpler fabrication procedure. An experimental study of devices prepared through the direct Er integration into polymer waveguides enables a comparison with developed theoretical models. A good agreement between measured and modelled results show that a practical amplifier operation with erbium concentration of 1.5 × 10$^{20}$ cm$^{-3}$ is prevented by the dopant NP clustering and the potential gain limited by the absence of ytterbium co-doping. The excess scattering loss of 9.3 dB/cm could not be further reduced only with the proposed additional ultrasonication and filtering fabrication steps indicating alternative approaches such as core-shell structures are required.Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC

Apprendre à écrire un texte documentaire de comparaison en 2e année du primaire : étude comparée d’interventions didactiques contrastées

Cet article rend compte d’une recherche visant à vérifier l’efficacité d’une séquence didactique caractérisée par l’enseignement de la structure du texte et des procédés linguistiques qui permettent de linéariser un texte de comparaison sur les performances d’écriture des élèves de 2e année du primaire. La séquence différenciée par deux étapes de réalisation a été soumise à deux groupes, expérimental et témoin, selon une méthode pré-test / post-test. La comparaison des résultats montre un effet significatif de l’enseignement dispensé au groupe expérimental sur la capacité des élèves à produire une structure de comparaison et à utiliser des procédés de thématisation reliés à cette structureThis paper presents the results of a study to verify the efficacy of a didactic sequence on the writing performance of primary school 2nd graders. This sequence is characterized by the specific teaching of text structure and of linguistic processes enabling text-writing tasks of an expository comparison text. The study compared the effects of a didactic sequence divided into two procedural steps according to a method of pre-testing/post-testing both a control and an experimental group. In general, comparison between the two groups shows that the specific teaching given to students in the experimental group had a significant effect on their ability to produce a comparative structure and to use thematization processes specifically related to this structure.Este artículo presenta una investigación que tiene por propósito verificar la eficacia de una secuencia didáctica caracterizada por la enseñanza de la estructura del texto y de los procedimientos lingüísticos que permiten linealizar un texto de comparación sobre el desempeño de alumnos de 2o año de primaria en escritura. La secuencia dividida en dos etapas de realización fue experimentada sobre dos grupos, uno experimental y uno piloto, según un método pre-test / post-test. La comparación de los resultados muestra un efecto significativo de la enseñanza en el grupo experimental sobre la capacidad de los alumnos para producir una estructura de comparación y para utilizar procesos de tematización vinculados con esta estructura

The investigation of the Bayesian rough set model

AbstractThe original Rough Set model is concerned primarily with algebraic properties of approximately defined sets. The Variable Precision Rough Set (VPRS) model extends the basic rough set theory to incorporate probabilistic information. The article presents a non-parametric modification of the VPRS model called the Bayesian Rough Set (BRS) model, where the set approximations are defined by using the prior probability as a reference. Mathematical properties of BRS are investigated. It is shown that the quality of BRS models can be evaluated using probabilistic gain function, which is suitable for identification and elimination of redundant attributes

The development of downside accounting beta as a measure of risk

This paper develops a new method for measuring market risk called downside accounting beta (DAB). To test the validity of DAB the method is applied to the financial data for 14 food companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange during a 6-year period. DAB calculates how changes in the profitability of the whole sector affects the profitability of a given company. The paper concludes that when calculating DAB using Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) there is a positive correlation with market betas. The practical implication of this research is that investors, owners and managers can use DAB to calculate the systematic risk of companies not listed on stock markets and consequently to identify the levels of risk associated with companies within the sector

Market and Accounting Risk Factors of Asset Pricing in the Classical and Downside Approaches

Theoretical background: The variability of the company’s profitability is the result of the accompanying risk. To compare the profitability of many companies, relative profitability measures, which include profitability ratios, are more convenient. This article analyses market and accounting risk factors of CAPM. Risk was considered in variance and downside framework. Market betas, accounting betas were used in an extended version of the asset pricing model. Additionally, the influence of profitability ratios, such as ROA and ROE on the average rate of return on the capital market are considered.Purpose of the article: The main purpose of this study is to test the standard and extended CAPM relations between systematic risk measures and mean returns for single companies quoted on the Polish capital market and equally-weighted portfolios in two approaches: variance and downside risk.Research methods: The research based on individual securities and portfolios, compares the one-factor risk-return relationships with two-factor ones estimated using mean returns in cross-sectional regressions. The regressors were expressed in absolute terms and classical and downside beta coefficients. The sample includes companies differing in terms of size and across different industries.Main findings: Portfolios with higher classical or downside market betas generate higher mean returns. The negative risk premium for accounting betas for variance and downside risk was identified. It is not in accordance with our earlier study of the Polish construction sector, where a positive and significant risk premium for downside accounting betas was found. The highest explanatory power of rates on returns on the Polish capital market were found for average ROA and ROE. This confirms the results of the previous studies on the Polish capital market for food and construction sectors.Theoretical background: The variability of the company’s profitability is the result of the accompanying risk. To compare the profitability of many companies, relative profitability measures, which include profitability ratios, are more convenient. This article analyses market and accounting risk factors of CAPM. Risk was considered in variance and downside framework. Market betas, accounting betas were used in an extended version of the asset pricing model. Additionally, the influence of profitability ratios, such as ROA and ROE on the average rate of return on the capital market are considered.Purpose of the article: The main purpose of this study is to test the standard and extended CAPM relations between systematic risk measures and mean returns for single companies quoted on the Polish capital market and equally-weighted portfolios in two approaches: variance and downside risk.Research methods: The research based on individual securities and portfolios, compares the one-factor risk-return relationships with two-factor ones estimated using mean returns in cross-sectional regressions. The regressors were expressed in absolute terms and classical and downside beta coefficients. The sample includes companies differing in terms of size and across different industries.Main findings: Portfolios with higher classical or downside market betas generate higher mean returns. The negative risk premium for accounting betas for variance and downside risk was identified. It is not in accordance with our earlier study of the Polish construction sector, where a positive and significant risk premium for downside accounting betas was found. The highest explanatory power of rates on returns on the Polish capital market were found for average ROA and ROE. This confirms the results of the previous studies on the Polish capital market for food and construction sectors

Hybrid kTk_{T}-factorization and impact factors at NLO

In the hybrid kT -factorization formula, one initial-state parton momentum is space-like and carries non-vanishing transverse components, while the other is on-shell. We promote this factorization formula to next-to-leading order. Studying the partonic cross section, we identify all soft and collinear divergencies in the real and virtual contribution, and recognize that all non-cancelling ones can be attributed to PDF evolution, evolution kernel, and target impact factors. In result, we construct a framework that may be used to compute NLO impact factors in general. In particular, we recover known expressions for inclusive NLO quark-and gluon impact factor corrections

Diversity-inclusion nexus: assessing the role of ethnic and religious diversity in financial inclusion; a global perspective

Diversity and financial inclusion are at the top of boardroom agendas across the financial services industry. An inclusive financial environment ensures equitable access to resources and opportunities for all. Diversity & financial inclusion is crucial for future financial management industry and its success is determined by the ability to create an inclusive culture and diverse societies. Previous studies discussed the diversity-inclusion nexus without assessing the role of ethnic and religious diversity in financial inclusion. This study empirically examines the association between ethnic and religious diversity and financial inclusion by using the dataset of 187-countries across the world. Finding shows that there is a strong positive relationship exist between financial inclusion and ethnic or religious diversity, or both. Furthermore, results are consistent for the high-, middle- and lowincome countries. This study suggests that fruitful outcomes of diverse population can only be obtained by ensuring the equitable and peaceful society via cohesion. Future research can be explored these findings and confirm this by country specific implication of ethnic and religious diversity in financial inclusion