LipidBlast templates as flexible tools for creating new in-silico tandem mass spectral libraries.

Tandem mass spectral libraries (MS/MS) are usually built by acquiring experimentally measured mass spectra from chemical reference compounds. We here show the versatility of in-silico or computer generated tandem mass spectra that are directly obtained from compound structures. We use the freely available LipidBlast development software to generate 15 000 MS/MS spectra of the glucuronosyldiacylglycerol (GlcADG) lipid class, recently discovered for the first time in plants. The generation of such an in-silico MS/MS library for positive and negative ionization mode took 5 h development time, including the validation of the obtained mass spectra. Such libraries allow for high-throughput annotations of previously unknown glycolipids. The publicly available LipidBlast templates are universally applicable for the development of MS/MS libraries for novel lipid classes

Quantitative Analysis of Activity Patterns in the Muscles of Mastication and Deglutition

Surface electromyograms (EMGs) were recorded from the masseter (Mass), one of the major muscles for chewing, and from the suprahyoid (SH) muscles, involved in swallowing. Activity patterns of these EMGs were analyzed with a TP method that was developed specifically to quantify muscle activity patterns. To compare individual EMG bursts in a participant with different amplitudes and active durations, the bursts were cumulatively integrated to standardize the amplitudes and active durations. Each TP value calculated by this method indicated a relative location of an EMG burst on a standardized time scale free from changes in the amplitudes and active durations. Both InP and DP values were derived from the TP values and also applied to the burst. A T50 value indicated the standardized time for half of the final cumulatively integrated EMG burst. Five groups of application samples were introduced to demonstrate the usefulness of the TP method in comparing activity patterns of the Mass and SH EMGs during chewing and swallowing, while participants were in different body positions and experiencing different tastes and textures of sample foods. Finally, limitations and perspectives of the TP method are discussed

Studies on Oxasteroids. I. Synthesis of 3-Cyano-3-methylchroman-4-one.

Condensation of chroman-4-one with ethyl formate in the presence of sodium methoxide gave 3-hydroxymethylenechroman-4-one (II). Reaction of II with hydroxylamine hydrochloride, followed isomerization by potassium t-butoxide gave IV. 3-Cyano-3-methylchroman-4-one was obtained by methylation of IV or treatment of III with potassium t-butoxide and methyl iodide

Ample Vector Bundles on Compact Complex Spaces

Paper by Yozo Matsushima and Wilhelm Stol