Animation With Threshold Textures

We present a method for frame coherent texturing and hatching of 3D models with a discrete set of colors. Our technique is inspired by various artistic styles that use a limited set of colors to convey surface shape and texture. In previous research discrete color shading was produced by modifying smooth shading with a threshold function. We extend this approach and specify threshold values with an image or a procedural texture. Texture values and mapping coordinates are adapted to surface orientation and scale. Aliasing artifacts are eliminated by the modified filtering technique. The threshold texturing approach enables an animator to control local shading and to display surface roughness and curvature with a limited set of colors

Проблемы в обеспечении равнонадежности железобетонных и стальных конструкций в рамках существующей концепции надежности согласно EN 1990

In accordance with the basic assumptions of the European design standards (Eurocodes), currently in use in the territory of the Republic of Belarus, it is proposed to carry out the design of building structures, made of different materials, belonging to the same reliability class with the same target value of the reliability level (or with the same degree of reliability), expressed in the permissible values of the reliability index or equivalent to it the probability of failure. However, the practical implementation of this idea involves a very large number of problems. The study is devoted to the analysis of reliability levels and equivalent to them probabilities of failure provided by Eurocodes for models of resistance for bending of steel and reinforced concrete elements under rather abstract conditions: the action of self weight and snow load for the reference period of 1 year, however this analysis allows qualitatively highlight the problems, associated with existing approaches in the theory of reliability, and, in general, the problem of ensuring the equal reliability of structures. Within the framework of the study, state functions for calculating the reliability indices of the elements were compiled with the help of using the first-order reliability methods (FORM), and a comparative analysis of these indicators was made. The collection and analysis of probabilistic models of basic variables, used for the compilation of state functions for conventional steel and reinforced concrete elements, was carried out. The data obtained during the research can be useful for further improvement and supplementation of National Annexes and harmonization of Eurocodes. The conducted research will help to take a closer look at the problem of regulating reliability indicators for building structures made of various materials within the framework of the existing concept of reliability laid down in Eurocode 1990

Проблемы в обеспечении равнонадежности железобетонных и стальных конструкций в рамках существующей концепции надежности согласно EN 1990

In accordance with the basic assumptions of the European design standards (Eurocodes), currently in use in the territory of the Republic of Belarus, it is proposed to carry out the design of building structures, made of different materials, belonging to the same reliability class with the same target value of the reliability level (or with the same degree of reliability), expressed in the permissible values of the reliability index or equivalent to it the probability of failure. However, the practical implementation of this idea involves a very large number of problems. The study is devoted to the analysis of reliability levels and equivalent to them probabilities of failure provided by Eurocodes for models of resistance for bending of steel and reinforced concrete elements under rather abstract conditions: the action of self weight and snow load for the reference period of 1 year, however this analysis allows qualitatively highlight the problems, associated with existing approaches in the theory of reliability, and, in general, the problem of ensuring the equal reliability of structures. Within the framework of the study, state functions for calculating the reliability indices of the elements were compiled with the help of using the first-order reliability methods (FORM), and a comparative analysis of these indicators was made. The collection and analysis of probabilistic models of basic variables, used for the compilation of state functions for conventional steel and reinforced concrete elements, was carried out. The data obtained during the research can be useful for further improvement and supplementation of National Annexes and harmonization of Eurocodes. The conducted research will help to take a closer look at the problem of regulating reliability indicators for building structures made of various materials within the framework of the existing concept of reliability laid down in Eurocode 1990