In vitro germination of stenospermic seeds from reciprocal crosses (Vitis vinifera L.) applying different techniques

The frequency of germination of stenospermic seeds cultured in vitro is analysed for two crosses of seedless varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) and their reciprocals. In the case of Superior x Dawn (SxD) the frequency of germination was not different to that of Superior x Ruby (SxR). Results of the reciprocal cross (SxD, DxS) show significantly better results with SxD. In the reciprocal cross SxR and RxS direct germination (DG) is compared with embryo excision (EE) and seed coat rupture (SCR). The majority of embryos of varieties with very soft seed coats, e.g. Superior, germinate directly: 18.8 % in DG, 18.4 % in EE and 23.2 % in SCR. Germination of varieties with harder seed coats (Ruby) could be mechanically affected: 17.6 % in DG, 62.4 % in EE and 58.8 % in SCR. There is no significant difference between EE and SCR. The results of SCR confirm that there is no inhibition of in vitro germination by chemical inhibitors in the seed tissues. The results of CR and EE for SxR and RxS show a greater capacity of Ruby to generate viable embryos

Tracer measurements in the tropical tropopause layer during the AMMA/SCOUT-O3 aircraft campaign

We present airborne in situ measurements made during the AMMA (African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis)/SCOUT-O3 campaign between 31 July and 17 August 2006 on board the M55 Geophysica aircraft, based in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. CO2 and N2O were measured with the High Altitude Gas Analyzer (HAGAR), CO was measured with the Cryogenically Operated Laser Diode (COLD) instrument, and O3 with the Fast Ozone ANalyzer (FOZAN). We analyze the data obtained during five local flights to study the dominant transport processes controlling the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) above West-Africa: deep convection up to the level of main convective outflow, overshooting of deep convection, horizontal inmixing across the subtropical tropopause, and horizontal transport across the subtropical barrier. Except for the flight of 13 August, distinct minima in CO2 indicate convective outflow of boundary layer air in the TTL. The CO2 profiles show that the level of main convective outflow was mostly located between 350 and 360 K, and for 11 August reached up to 370 K. While the CO2 minima indicate quite significant convective influence, the O3 profiles suggest that the observed convective signatures were mostly not fresh, but of older origin. When compared with the mean O3 profile measured during a previous campaign over Darwin in November 2005, the O3 minimum at the main convective outflow level was less pronounced over Ouagadougou. Furthermore O3 mixing ratios were much higher throughout the whole TTL and, unlike over Darwin, rarely showed low values observed in the regional boundary layer. Signatures of irreversible mixing following overshooting of convective air were scarce in the tracer data. Some small signatures indicative of this process were found in CO2 profiles between 390 and 410 K during the flights of 4 and 8 August, and in CO data at 410 K on 7 August. However, the absence of expected corresponding signatures in other tracer data makes this evidence inconclusive, and overall there is little indication from the observations that overshooting convection has a profound impact on TTL composition during AMMA. We find the amount of photochemically aged air isentropically mixed into the TTL across the subtropical tropopause to be not significant. Using the N2O observations we estimate the fraction of aged extratropical stratospheric air in the TTL to be 0.0±0.1 up to 370 K during the local flights, increasing above this level to 0.2±0.15 at 390 K. The subtropical barrier, as indicated by the slope of the correlation between N2O and O3 between 415 and 490 K, does not appear as a sharp border between the tropics and extratropics, but rather as a gradual transition region between 10 and 25° N latitude where isentropic mixing between these two regions may occur

We are not like the television wanted it (or we did?)

En la celebración de los 70 años de la primera emisión de la televisión argentina, vemos que no somos como ella quería –o al menos esperaba- que fuéramos en relación con la reproducción de prácticas culturales, visión del mundo y la creación y apropiación de un lenguaje y expresiones, netamente argentinas. Así, el presente artículo ofrece una reflexión sobre como en el 70 aniversario del medio audiovisual más usado y visto a lo largo de los años, el telespectador adquirió hábitos de consumo locales, se pregunta sobre las horas vistas, las características culturales y la televisión que no fue y hubiéramos querido que fuera: “reflexiva; debatidora (que no es lo mismo que peleadora ni generadora de escándalos); descubridora de caminos; propiciadora de encuentros; refugio de los mejores en cada tema; iluminadora de vocaciones; creadora y porque no, cultural”. De esta manera, se brinda al lector un recorrido desde sus inicios hasta los debates actuales sobre los procesos de digitalización que la atraviesan, tocando todos los temas que hacen a la televisión en la cotidianeidad de los argentinos.Na celebração dos 70 anos da primeira emissão da televisão argentina, podemos ver que não somos como ela queria, ou não como se esperava, que fôramos em relação com a reprodução de práticas culturais, visão do mundo, e a criação e apropriação de uma linguagem e expressões propriamente argentinas. Assim, o presente artigo oferece uma reflexão dos 70 aniversário do médio audiovisual mais usado e visto ao longo dos anos, dos hábitos de consumo locais que o telespectador adquiriu, se pergunta pelas horas que viu a televisão, pelas características culturais e pela televisão que não foi e que houvéssemos querido que fosse: “reflexiva, com debates (que não é o mesmo que seja causante de discuções o de escândalos); descobridora de caminhos, que facilite encontros, refúgios dos melhores em cada tema, que gere luz nas vocações das pessoas, criadora de conteúdos e também cultural”. De esse modo, se oferece ao leitor um percorrido desde seus inicios até os debates atuais sobre os processos de digitalização que atravessam ela, discutindo todos os temas que fazem a televisão na cotidianidade dos argentinos.As we celebrate 70 years of the first broadcasting signal of Argentinean television, we see that we are not as it wanted -or at least we expected- to be in relation to the reproduction of cultural practices, worldviews, and the creation and appropriation of a distinctly Argentine language and expressions. Thus, this article offers a reflection on how on the 70th anniversary of the most used and watched audio-visual medium over the years, on how the televiewer acquired local consumption habits, asks about the television hours watched during the last decades, their cultural characteristics, and how we are not like the television wanted, but also, the television is not like we would like it to be: “reflective; debating (which is not the same as cause discussions or generate scandals); discoverer of new ways of thinking; facilitator of encounters; refuge of the best in each subject; enlightener of vocations; creative and, why not, cultural”. In this way, it is offered to the reader a journey from the beginning of television to the current debates on its digitalization processes that are taking place, analysing all the issues that affect television in the daily lives of Argentine citizens.70 años de la TV argentinaRed de Carreras de Comunicación Social y Periodism

La figura del reportero gráfico : Según algunos relatos de la historia del fotoperiodismo y los aportes de la sociología

Pese a que existe una rica bibliografía sobre el fotoperiodismo desde sus inicios, y su desarrollo durante el siglo XX hasta la actualidad, la gran parte de los libros propone una misma y clásica historia, en la cual los reporteros gráficos afamados ocupan un lugar central. El abordaje de esos relatos se acerca al modelo clásico de la historia del arte y limita otras cuestiones, en tanto excluye un análisis sociológico sobre las condiciones de producción y post producción, sobre los procesos del aprendizaje del oficio y de su profesionalización, y sobre las trayectorias de los fotógrafos. Sin embargo, resulta notable que los estudios sociológicos que han trabajado sobre el fotoperiodismo se remontan a los años setenta, y desde ese entonces pocas investigaciones se han agregado a la lista. En esta ponencia, presentaremos ciertas reflexiones acerca de la manera en que la imagen del reportero gráfico se ha constituido en algunos relatos de la historia del fotoperiodismo, para luego proponer los enfoques planteados por autores provenientes de la sociología (Barbara Rosenblum, 1978; Luc Boltanski, 1965 y Jean-Claude Chamboredon, 1965).Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

A method for assessing exposure of terrestrial wildlife to environmental radon ( 222 Rn) and thoron ( 220 Rn)

A method is presented to calculate radiation dose rates arising from radon, thoron and their progeny to non-human biota in the terrestrial environment. The method improves on existing methodologies for the assessment of radon to biota by using a generalised allometric approach to model respiration, calculating dose coefficients for the ICRP reference animals and plants, and extending the approach to cover thoron in addition to radon-derived isotopes. The method is applicable to a range of environmental situations involving these radionuclides in wildlife, with an envisaged application being to study the impact of human activities, which bring NORM radionuclides to the biosphere. Consequently, there is a need to determine whether there is an impact on non-human biota from exposure to anthropogenically enhanced radionuclides

LA GESTIÓN DE LA RADIO DEBE SER AMOROSA CON LA GENTE

Go through the history of radio, assume an existential relationship with the medium. Management, production, knowledge and creativity. The future of radio.Recorre la historia de la radio, asume una relación existencial con el medio. La gestión, la producción, el conocimiento y la creatividad. El futuro de la radio

Radio management must be loving to the people

Recorre la historia de la radio, asume una relación existencial con el medio. La gestión, la producción, el conocimiento y la creatividad. El futuro de la radio.Go through the history of radio, assume an existential relationship with the medium. Management, production, knowledge and creativity. The future of radio.Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Socia

Contribution of mixing to the upward transport across the TTL

During the second part of the TROCCINOX campaign that took place in Brazil in early 2005, chemical species were measured on-board of the high altitude research aircraft Geophysica (ozone, water vapor, NO, NOy, CH4 and CO) in the altitude range up to 20 km (or up to 450 K potential temperature), i.e. spanning the TTL region roughly extending between 350 and 420 K. Analysis of transport across TTL is performed using a new version of the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS). In this new version, the stratospheric model has been extended to the earth surface. Above the tropopause, the isentropic and cross-isentropic advection in CLaMS is driven by ECMWF winds and heating/cooling rates derived from a radiation calculation. Below the tropopause the model smoothly transforms from the isentropic to hybrid-pressure coordinate and, in this way, takes into account the effect of large-scale convective transport as implemented in the ECMWF vertical wind. As with other CLaMS simulations, the irreversible transport, i.e. mixing, is controlled by the local horizontal strain and vertical shear rates. Stratospheric and tropospheric signatures in the TTL can be seen both in the observation and in the model. The composition of air above ≈350 K is mainly controlled by mixing on a time scale of weeks or even months. Based on CLaMS transport studies where mixing can be completely switched off, we deduce that vertical mixing, mainly driven by the vertical shear in the outflow regions of the large-scale convection and in the vicinity of the subtropical jets, is necessary to understand the upward transport of the tropospheric air from the main convective outflow around 350 K up to the tropical tropopause around 380 K. This mechanism is most effective if the outflow of the mesoscale convective systems interacts with the subtropical jets

Contribution of mixing to the upward transport across the TTL

During the second part of the TROCCINOX campaign that took place in Brazil in early 2005, chemical species were measured on-board of the high altitude research aircraft Geophysica (ozone, water vapor, NO, NOy, CH4 and CO) in the altitude range up to 20 km (or up to 450 K potential temperature), i.e. spanning the TTL region roughly extending between 350 and 420 K. Analysis of transport across TTL is performed using a new version of the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS). In this new version, the stratospheric model has been extended to the earth surface. Above the tropopause, the isentropic and cross-isentropic advection in CLaMS is driven by ECMWF winds and heating/cooling rates derived from a radiation calculation. Below the tropopause the model smoothly transforms from the isentropic to hybrid-pressure coordinate and, in this way, takes into account the effect of large-scale convective transport as implemented in the ECMWF vertical wind. As with other CLaMS simulations, the irreversible transport, i.e. mixing, is controlled by the local horizontal strain and vertical shear rates. Stratospheric and tropospheric signatures in the TTL can be seen both in the observation and in the model. The composition of air above ≈350 K is mainly controlled by mixing on a time scale of weeks or even months. Based on CLaMS transport studies where mixing can be completely switched off, we deduce that vertical mixing, mainly driven by the vertical shear in the outflow regions of the large-scale convection and in the vicinity of the subtropical jets, is necessary to understand the upward transport of the tropospheric air from the main convective outflow around 350 K up to the tropical tropopause around 380 K. This mechanism is most effective if the outflow of the mesoscale convective systems interacts with the subtropical jets

Contribution of mixing to upward transport across the tropical tropopause layer (TTL)

During the second part of the TROCCINOX campaign that took place in Brazil in early 2005, chemical species were measured on-board the high-altitude research aircraft Geophysica (ozone, water vapor, NO, NOy, CH4 and CO) in the altitude range up to 20 km (or up to 450 K potential temperature), i.e. spanning the entire TTL region roughly extending between 350 and 420 K. Here, analysis of transport across the TTL is performed using a new version of the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS). In this new version, the stratospheric model has been extended to the earth surface. Above the tropopause, the isentropic and cross-isentropic advection in CLaMS is driven by meteorological analysis winds and heating/cooling rates derived from a radiation calculation. Below the tropopause, the model smoothly transforms from the isentropic to the hybrid-pressure coordinate and, in this way, takes into account the effect of large-scale convective transport as implemented in the vertical wind of the meteorological analysis. As in previous CLaMS simulations, the irreversible transport, i.e. mixing, is controlled by the local horizontal strain and vertical shear rates. Stratospheric and tropospheric signatures in the TTL can be seen both in the observations and in the model. The composition of air above ≈350 K is mainly controlled by mixing on a time scale of weeks or even months. Based on CLaMS transport studies where mixing can be completely switched off, we deduce that vertical mixing, mainly driven by the vertical shear in the tropical flanks of the subtropical jets and, to some extent, in the the outflow regions of the large-scale convection, offers an explanation for the upward transport of trace species from the main convective outflow at around 350 K up to the tropical tropopause around 380 K