CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING THE COMPOSTING OF ORGANIC WASTE

Compost means a product obtained by an aerobic, thermophilic, decomposition process and microbial synthesis of the organic substances in the residual products, which contains over 25% relatively stable humus predominantly composed of microbial biomass and which is subsequently subjected to a slight decomposition. stable enough not to reheat or cause problems with smell or breeding of insects and has the ratio C: N = 10-15 Regardless of its origin and nature, organic matter, depending on the conditions of aeration and humidity, evolves towards a new qualitative state, relatively stable to biodegradation, characterized by a humus-likeC:Nratio. Â

Research on the evolution of Amathes c-nigrum L. species (Ord. Lepidoptera, Fam. Noctuidae) under Central of Moldavia conditions

The larvae of the Amathes c-nigrum L. species are polyphagous pests which attack plants from spontaneous flora, most crop plants, beets, grain legumes, forage legumes, flax, tobacco, potato, medicinal plants, ornamentals plants, vines. Especially after the winter, the mature larvae, produce significant damage in spring, when they attack all the green parts of the plants. In most cases, the larvae of the the Amathes c- nigrum L. species cause damage along with similar larvae of other Noctuidae species. Adult collection with a light trap, observations and measurements made during 1993 – 2012, showed that Amathes c- nigrum L. species was present in the study area, each year, the number of specimens collected ranged from 4 specimens (2002) to 201 specimens (2006), the average collections for the 20 years of observations was of 74,1 specimens. The emergence of the first adults was recorded in the first decade of May, the insect flight continued without interruption until the end of September. During this time were identified two flight curves, first made by the adults of the hibernating generation, which recorded a flight peak in the first decade of June. The second flight curve was made by the adults of the summer generation (the insect first annual generation) and reached the top flight in the second decade of August. The observations and measurements have shown that under the Central Moldova conditions, the insect presented two generations per year, the hibernation occurs in mature larvae stage in the deeper layers of soil

Research on the influence of fertilization on the structure of vegetation cover in temporary meadows with mixed use under the center of Moldova condition

At the A.R.D.S. Secuieni it was researched the evolution of different mixtures of perennial grasses and legumes with mixed use, evidenced by their contribution to the structure of the vegetation, considering the percentage of participation of the species in the seed norm and mode of use. The results obtained on the evolution of the structure of vegetation cover at the mixtures with mixed use, was observed that was obtained five harvests, the first harvest being done in hayfield regime, and the next four were harvested by grazing simulation, at an interval of 28 days. At the mixture b2, composed of Dactylis glomerata 20% + Lolium perenne 70% + Lotus corniculatus 5% + Trifolium pratense 5%, in 2014, in the hayfield regime, in structure of vegetation cover the dominant percentage was in favor of the perennial grasses, comprised between 57% in the fertilized variant with N40P40 and 67% at the N80P40 variant. On the other four harvests, the perennial grasses tended to slightly decrease from one harvest to another except for the fertilized variant with N80+40P40, where the participation of the grasses had a tendency to increase between 46-61%. In 2015, the percentage of participation of the perennial grasses in the structure of the vegetal cover was maintained throughout the five harvests. The highest percentages of legumes were in fertilized variants with N40P40 and N80P40, the values being between 12-15%

The behaviour of some mixtures of perennial grasses and legumes exploited in mixed regime under Center of Moldova conditions

For the establishment of temporary meadows it is envisaged choosing the most suitable species of perennial grasses and legumes, with high adaptability to the use procedure planned for the cultivated area. In most temporary meadows changes occur in the floristic composition of the vegetation cover, determined by the use procedure, the aggression of the species from the mixtures and the climatic conditions evolution. The studies have followed the evolution of the vegetation cover under the influence of mineral fertilization and the used mixture. The researches were conducted during 2013 - 2014, in the Agricultural Research – Development Station Secuieni, Neamt county, where it was followed the influence of four doses of nitrogen on a phosphorus agri fund at an experience formed of three mixtures of perennial grasses and legumes used in mixed regime. The obtained results showed that the use period of the studied mixtures was of 168 days, and the grasses were prevailing in the vegetation cover at each harvest, with a participation percentage that manifested a slightly decreasing trend. The highest yield, of 13.04 t/ha d.s., was recorded at the mixture formed from Dactylis glomerata 60% + Lolium perenne 25% + Lotus corniculatus 15%, fertilized with N80P40, and the lowest one, of 6.08 t/ha d.s., was obtained in the same mixture, in the unfertilized variant, which highlights the need of fertilization of the temporary meadows for production intensification

Research regarding the behaviour of some perennial grasses and legumes mixtures in order to establish temporary grassland exploited in meadow regime

In making perennial grasses and legume mixtures is envisaged that the species or varieties used to properly reflect the stationary conditions, the annual climatic variations sometimes influence different the components behavior, and therefore the productivity. The researches were conducted during 2013-2015 in the Agricultural Research - Development Station Secuieni, where was followed the influence of four nitrogen doses on a phosphorus agrofond in an experience of five mixtures of perennial grasses and legumes used in meadow regime. The nitrogen fertilizers are used in smaller doses in mixtures, because this element is provided by symbiotic bacteria living on the roots of legumes. The results showed that the dynamic of biomass accumulation was done in three growth cycles, for the first cycle it took 53 days, for the second cycle 42 days and for the third cycle 52 days. The highest production of 24.03 t/ha dry substance it was recorded at Festuca arundinacea 30% + Dactylis glomerata 20% + Festuca pratensis 20% + Medicago sativa 20% + Trifolium pratense 10% mixture and fertilized with N80+40P40 dose, and the lowest of 14.59 t/ha d.s. was obtained at Dactylis glomerata 30% + Lolium perene 40% + Medicago sativa 20% + Lotus corniculatus 10% mixture in the unfertilized variant

Research on the flight development of some Noctuidae lepidoptera species in the center of Moldova conditions

The Noctuidae family, comprises a group of butterfly also named „owl” which larvae are polyphagous pest that attacks the majority of the crops. The greatest damage occurred at cereals, maize, sunflower, sugar beet, grain legumes and technical plants. In the last half century, Scotia and Mamestra species, were permanent in the entomologists attention, their monitoring was performed by classical methods and by using synthetic sex pheromones. At A.R.D.S. Secuieni were carried aut research which resulted in the collection and recording of noctuide adult species, with a light trap. The observations and measurements made during the years 1993 – 2012, have identified seven species of Lepidoptera, popularly called „owl” as follow: Agrotis segetum Den. et Schiff., Agrotis exclamationis L., Amathes C – nigrum L., Autographa gamma L., Mamestra oleracea L., Mamestra persicariae L., Mamestra W latinum Huf.. Based on the data obtained from the investigations it was established: the abundance of species for the study area; the start, duration and end of the flight for each species; the flight intensity and time of the peak flight. After the number of adults collected it was found that in the study area the highest abundance was recorded by Amathes C – nigrum L. species, followed by Agrotis segetum Den. et Schiff. species, and the lowest values of abundance were obtained by Mamestra oleracea L. and Mamestra W latinum Huf. species

The influence of the nutrition space on the herb and seed yields at Moldavian dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.), in A.R.D.S. Secuieni pedoclimatic conditions

The Dracocephalum moldavica (L.) species, known under the popular name of moldavian dragonhead, is used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industry due to its high content in active principles. To ensure the necessary of raw material at A.R.D.S. Secuieni are conducted researches regarding the development of the cultivation technology for its introduction into culture and extension in agriculture. In the conditions of 2015 – 2016 agricultural year, due to the observations made, it was found that the fresh herba, dry herba and seed yields were positively influenced by the distance between the rows (average factor A), but also by the distance between plants per row (average factor B). The obtained data have showed that the highest average yields of fresh herba (34063,33 kg/ha), dry herba (9313,33 kg/ha) and seeds (1069 kg/ha) were obtained at the a1xb1 interaction sown at 25 cm between rows and in continuous row (control variant). In the experience with the nutrition space, it was found that, the plants harvested for herba had a vegetation period of 109 days requiring 1877,9 oC and 325,2 mm of rainfall, and the plants harvested for seed developed in 137 days, the sum of accumulated temperatures being of 2492,1 o C and of rainfall of 355 mm

ASPECTS REGARDING THE CULTIVATION OF TOPINAMBOUR

Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosusL.) is a perennial plant whose tubers containinulin,which can be used as raw material for healthy products, sweeteners, bioethanol and animal feed. The objective of this paper is o present some consideration about this very important plant for agriculture, medicine, food and health

A hemilabile and cooperative N-donor functionalized 1,2,3-triazol- 5-ylidene ligand for selective and base-free rhodium(I) catalyzed alkyne hydrothiolation reactions

A series of novel cationic and neutral Rh-complexes with an N-donor functionalized 1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene (TRZ) ligand (where pendant N-donor is NHBoc, NH2 or NMe2 respectively) is described. Their catalytic activity was evaluated towards the hydrothiolation of alkynes. Among the catalysts, a neutral dicarbonyl complex featuring the tethered-NBoc amido-TRZ ligand proved very selective for alkyne hydrothiolation with an aryl thiol. Remarkably, the reaction could be carried out in the absence of pyridine or base additive. In addition, during the reaction course, no evidence for oxidative addition of the thiol S-H was observed, strongly suggesting a reaction pathway whereby a bifunctional ligand is involved. Experimental and theoretical mechanistic investigations suggest a ligand-assisted deprotonation of substrate thiol, hemilabile dissociation of amine from metal and thiolate coordination, which is indicative of a different reaction mechanism to those previously reported for related alkyne hydrothiolation reaction.G. G.-B. thanks the MINECO for a postdoctoral grant (FPDI- 2013-16525) and Generalitat Valenciana (GV/2015/097) for financial support. E.P and I.F. gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Spanish MINECO-FEDER (CTQ2014-51999-P to E.P. and CTQ2013-44303-P and CTQ2014-51912-REDC to I.F.), UJI (P11B2014-02 to E.P.). D.I.B and I.S. gratefully acknowledge the National Research Foundation, South Africa (NRF 87890, 103698 and 92521), and Sasol Technology R&D Pty. Ltd., South Africa for financial support.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1521-37652018-01-31hb2017Chemistr

Researches on the protection of maize crops against soil pests

The maize crops have been affected, in the range between seed germination - plants appearing – the development of the first 3 – 5 leave, by larvae of Agriotes genus, the maize leaf weevil (Tanymecus dilaticollis) and earth fleas (Crepidodera sp.). For the prevention and reduction of the groundside pests attacks, at Agricultural Research and Development Station (ARDS) of Secuieni, Neamţ county, Romania, it has been experienced a range of insecticides (Gaucho 600 FS – 6.0 l/t (STD), Poncho 600 FS – 9.0 l/t, Thiacloprid 400 FS- 20.0 l/t, Nuprid 600 FS – 6.0 l/t, Picus 600 FS – 6.0 l/t, Cosmos 500FS – 2.0 l/t şi 7.5 l/t) applied in the treatment of maize grain. The experienced insecticides have insured a good protection of the plants against the larvae of Agriotes genus; the percentage of the saved plants at 25 days of the emergence it was between 89% and 97% at the treated variants and 76% plants remainig at the untreated variant; the differences with the percentage of saved plants between the treated variants and the untreated variant were very significant. Regarding the degree of attack produce by Tanymecus dilaticollis and Crepidodera sp., between the treated variants and the untreated variant there were registered very significant negative differences. The good protection insured by the seed chemical treatment with the experienced insecticides it positive influence the maize production at hectare; between the treated variants and the untreated variant there were obtained very significant production differences. The good results obtained in the protection of maize crops against the groundside pests they led to the approval of the experienced insecticides and to the recommendation to use them in the large-scale production