Lesión lítica en la epífisis de un paciente joven con anorexia : a propósito de un caso

El condroblastoma es un tumor poco frecuente, benigno aunque localmente agresivo, que suele asentarse en la parte proximal de tibia o fémur y afectar a individuos entre 15 y 25 años de edad. Se presenta un caso clínico cuya principal manifestación es el dolor y que se acompaña de un síntoma de alarma, la anorexia

Perceptions and knowledge about hand higiene in resident doctors of Son Llàtzer Hospital 2011-2017

Obejtivo: Identificar percepciones y conocimientos de los médicos residentes sobre Higiene de Manos (HM) en el Hospital Son Llàtzer en 2011 y 2017. Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal mediante cuestionario autoadministrado, 23 preguntas de opinión y 25 de conocimientos. Resultados: 94 participantes, 43 médicos en el 2011 con una media de edad 20.67 (DE:4.2) y 51 en 2017 con una media de edad 27.47 (DE:3.5). 20 y 40 mujeres (46.5% y 78.4% respectivamente 2011-2017) (p=0.001). Dijeron haber recibido formación en HM 23 y 31 (53.4% y 60.7%) y utilizar productos de base alcohólica (PBA) 40 y 42 (93% y 82.3%). Sobre la prioridad de HM en su centro opinan que era Alta 62.7% y 83.6% (27 y 41) (p=0.02). Que los directivos, jefes de servicio, colegas y pacientes promuevan la HM hubo diferencias en los dos periodos (p=0.001). Conocían la principal vía de transmisión de microorganismos 41 y 47 (95% y 92%). La fuente más frecuente de microorganismos la identificaron 19 y 19 (44% y 37%). En las acciones que previenen la transmisión de microorganismos al pacienteno hubo diferencias. Pero en las que protegen al personal sanitario si las hubo 71.4% y 37.5% (p=0.002). La fricción de manos (FM) reseca más la piel que el lavado de manos (LM) 24 y 13 (40% y 27%) (p=0.002). Conocen el tiempo correcto de FM 41% y 47%. Dicen que el uso de cremas no favorece la colonización de las manos 5 y 37 (12% y 40%) (p=0.002). Conclusiones: Refieren tener formación sobre HM pero no se corresponde con los resultados. La importancia para utilizar FM o LM no se conoce. Debería insistirse en la formación pregrado y postgrado en HM.Objective: Identify the perceptions and knowledge that the resident doctors have about Hand Hygiene (HM) in the Hospital son Llàtzer in 2011 and 2017. Material and methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study through self-administered questionnaire, 23 questions of opinion and 25 of knowledge. The information was collected among the resident physicians of the Hospital are Llàtzer in 2011 and 2017. Results: 94 participants. 20 and 40 women (46.5% and 78.4%, respectively, 2011-2017) (p = 0.001). Average age 28 years. They said they had received training in HM 73 and 31 (53.4% and 60.7%) and used alcohol-based products (PBA) 40 and 42 (93% and 82.3%). On the priority of HM in their center they think that it was High 62.7% and 83.6% (27 and 41) (p = 0.02) and that the managers, heads of service, colleagues and patients promote it (p = 0.001). They knew the main route of transmission of microorganisms 41 and 47 (95% and 92%). The most frequent source of microorganisms was identified by 19 and 19 (44% and 37%). The actions that prevent the transmission of microorganisms to the patient were known moderately but in those that protect health personnel 71.4% and 37.5% (p = 0.002). Friction of hands (FM) parched the skin more than hand washing (LM) 24 and 13 (40% and 27%) (p = 0.002). They know the correct FM time 41% and 47%. They do not know that the use of creams does not favor colonization of the hands 5 and 37 (12% and 40%) (p = 0.002). Conclusions: They claim to have training on HM but does not match the results. The importance of using FM or LM is not known. Training on HM should be emphasized

Levels of vocabulary and linguistic behaviors detected by teachers

Numerosos estudios demuestran que el nivel de vocabulario básico en la infancia condiciona la asimilación de conceptos nuevos y, por tanto, el desarrollo del lenguaje. Los niveles de vocabulario de los niños varían mucho en la etapa de Educación Infantil según distintas variables de índole biológica, educativa y social, siendo la Escuela Infantil un espacio privilegiado para la prevención, detección y atención de los niños en situaciones de riesgo actuando como compensadora de desigualdades. En un estudio llevado a cabo en la Comunidad de Madrid con 269 niños de 2º ciclo de Ed. Infantil nos planteamos averiguar la relación que existe entre el nivel de vocabulario de los niños de cuatro años y la frecuencia en la manifestación de determinadas conductas comunicativas de los niños, referentes a su nivel del lenguaje comprensivo y expresivo, en sus distintos componentes y detectadas por sus profesores en el aula. Como instrumento se utilizó un cuestionario aplicado a los profesores, para evaluar entre otros muchos factores de influencia en la adquisición de vocabulario, la frecuencia en la manifestación de dichas conductas comunicativo-lingüísticas. A los niños se les aplicó el Test de Conceptos básicos de Boehm para determinar su nivel de vocabulario. Los resultados nos ofrecen la posibilidad de conocer esta relación entre vocabulario y frecuencia de conductas comunicativas orales, permitiendo la detección y estimulación preventiva, y en su caso la intervención específica en atención temprana en alteraciones comunicativo-lingüísticas, tanto en el ámbito familiar como en el escolar.Many studies reveal that the level of basic vocabulary in childhood determines the assimilation of new concepts and therefore, the development of language. Children's vocabulary level varies widely during the pre-school education according to different variables such as biological, educational and social. Moreover the kindergarten creates a privileged space for the prevention, detection and attention of children in situations at risk acting as a compensatory of inequalities. We made a study in the Community of Madrid with 269 four-year-old children from 2nd Ed. cycle of pre-school education. We set ourselves the objective of identifying the relation between their level of vocabulary and the frequency in the manifestation of certain communicative behaviors concerning their comprehensive and expressive language level- in its different components- and detected by their teachers in the classrooms. Teachers fulfilled a questionnaire in order to evaluate inter alia the frequency in the manifestation of comunicative-linguistic behaviors as one of many factors that influence vocabulary acquisition. The Boehm Test of Basic Concepts was applied to children in pursuance of determining their vocabulary level. The results offer the possibility of knowing the aforementioned relation between vocabulary and the frequency of oral communicative conducts. In addition, the results allow us to detect and stimulate in prevention, and the specific attention in early intervention in comunicativelinguistics disorders, not only in the family context but also and in the scholar one

Algebraic Methods in Computational Complexity

Computational Complexity is concerned with the resources that are required for algorithms to detect properties of combinatorial objects and structures. It has often proven true that the best way to argue about these combinatorial objects is by establishing a connection (perhaps approximate) to a more well-behaved algebraic setting. Indeed, many of the deepest and most powerful results in Computational Complexity rely on algebraic proof techniques. The Razborov-Smolensky polynomial-approximation method for proving constant-depth circuit lower bounds, the PCP characterization of NP, and the Agrawal-Kayal-Saxena polynomial-time primality test are some of the most prominent examples. In some of the most exciting recent progress in Computational Complexity the algebraic theme still plays a central role. There have been significant recent advances in algebraic circuit lower bounds, and the so-called chasm at depth 4 suggests that the restricted models now being considered are not so far from ones that would lead to a general result. There have been similar successes concerning the related problems of polynomial identity testing and circuit reconstruction in the algebraic model (and these are tied to central questions regarding the power of randomness in computation). Also the areas of derandomization and coding theory have experimented important advances. The seminar aimed to capitalize on recent progress and bring together researchers who are using a diverse array of algebraic methods in a variety of settings. Researchers in these areas are relying on ever more sophisticated and specialized mathematics and the goal of the seminar was to play an important role in educating a diverse community about the latest new techniques

Algebraic and Combinatorial Methods in Computational Complexity

Computational Complexity is concerned with the resources that are required for algorithms to detect properties of combinatorial objects and structures. It has often proven true that the best way to argue about these combinatorial objects is by establishing a connection (perhaps approximate) to a more well-behaved algebraic setting. Indeed, many of the deepest and most powerful results in Computational Complexity rely on algebraic proof techniques. The Razborov-Smolensky polynomial-approximation method for proving constant-depth circuit lower bounds, the PCP characterization of NP, and the Agrawal-Kayal-Saxena polynomial-time primality test are some of the most prominent examples. The algebraic theme continues in some of the most exciting recent progress in computational complexity. There have been significant recent advances in algebraic circuit lower bounds, and the so-called chasm at depth 4 suggests that the restricted models now being considered are not so far from ones that would lead to a general result. There have been similar successes concerning the related problems of polynomial identity testing and circuit reconstruction in the algebraic model (and these are tied to central questions regarding the power of randomness in computation). Another surprising connection is that the algebraic techniques invented to show lower bounds now prove useful to develop efficient algorithms. For example, Williams showed how to use the polynomial method to obtain faster all-pair-shortest-path algorithms. This emphases once again the central role of algebra in computer science. The seminar aims to capitalize on recent progress and bring together researchers who are using a diverse array of algebraic methods in a variety of settings. Researchers in these areas are relying on ever more sophisticated and specialized mathematics and this seminar can play an important role in educating a diverse community about the latest new techniques, spurring further progress

Tratamiento de las roturas de ligamento cruzado anterior con injerto autologo HTH: seguimiento mínimo de dos años

Presentamos nuestra experiencia en el tratamiento de las roturas del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) empleando autoinjerto de hueso-tendón patelar-hueso (HTH) con un seguimiento mínimo de dos años. El tiempo medio de seguimiento fue de 40,6 +/-8,8 meses. La media de la escala modificada de Lysholm pasa en el preoperatorio de 64,6 (+/-19,1) a, en el postoperatorio, 89,4 (+/-10,1) (p<0,001). La media dse la escala de Cincinnati pasa en el preoperatorio de 277,32 (+/-58,8) a, en la revisión, 370,93 (+/-40) (p<0,001). El formulario IKDC de exploración física presenta 76% nivel A o B. Los valores artrométricos (KT-1000) son normales o casi normales en el 93% de los casos. La limitación más importante de esta técnica es la imposibilidad de arrodillarse sobre la parte delantera de la rodilla y el dolor en la zona donante. La reconstrucción con HTH continúa siendo una opción válida para el tratamiento de las roturas de LCAWe report our experience in the treatment of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears employing bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft, with a minimum follow-up of two years. The average time of follow-up was 40.6 ±8.8 months. Lynsholm knee score in the preoperative period 64.6 (±19.1), and in the postoperative period, 89.4 (±10.1) (p<0.001). Cincinnati knee score was, in the preoperative period, 277.32 (±58.8), and in the follow-up 370.93 (±40) (p<0.001). Using the IKDC evaluation system, at the follow-up period, 76% were level A or B. The KT-1000 arthrometer findings were normal or nearly normal in 93% of the cases. Pain on kneeling and pain in donor site were the most important limitations of this technique. Bone-patellar tendon-bone remains a valid option of treatment in ACL tears

A graphical user interface for PCA-based MSPC: A benchmark software for multivariate statistical process control in MATLAB

[EN] A Graphical User Interface (GUI) is developed in MATLAB as a tutorial for understanding the PCA-based MSPC strategy. The software allows users to analyze both simulated and external data sets. Simulated data are obtained from a nonlinear model of a binary distillation column implemented in Simulink. The nonlinear model has four manipulated variables, four controlled variables and three input measured disturbances, plus 41 M fractions corresponding to every column stage. The methodology for PCA-based MSPC is implemented in two phases. During Phase I, the user can simulate the distillation column under normal operating conditions at three different operating points. When the simulation is finished, the GUI obtains the corresponding PCA model automatically. In Phase II, the user can simulate several scenarios with different combinations of disturbances and failures and monitor them using Squared Prediction Error (SPE) and T-2 control charts. Contribution plots are used to diagnose the original variables responsible of such abnormal situations. The software also incorporates the possibility to analyze external multivariate process datasets.Research in this study was partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness under the grant DPI2017-82896-C2-1-R.Villalba-Torán, PM.; Sanchís Saez, J.; Ferrer, A. (2019). A graphical user interface for PCA-based MSPC: A benchmark software for multivariate statistical process control in MATLAB. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems. 185:135-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemolab.2018.12.004S13515218