COMPUTER SELF-EFFICACY OF PROSPECTIVE PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS

This study investigated the computer self-efficacy of Turkish prospective physical education teachers. The research group consisted of 173 prospective physical education teachers. In the study “Computer Self-Efficacy Perception Scale” was used as data collection tool. Results indicated that prospective physical education teachers obtained high computer self-efficacy scores. Prospective physical education teachers’ computer self-efficacy was also examined according to their gender and class year no significant difference was found. In the study it has also found that no significant correlation between prospective physical education teachers’ computer self-efficacies and their ages. In addition there was significant difference in the scale of computer self-efficacy perception based on the owner of a computer

Central East: Philology

Presentation of historical geography of area between Alaca and Zile during the Hittite period (Late Bronze Age)

Statistics of correlated percolation in a bacterial community

Signal propagation over long distances is a ubiquitous feature of multicellular communities, but cell-to-cell variability can cause propagation to be highly heterogeneous. Simple models of signal propagation in heterogenous media, such as percolation theory, can potentially provide a quantitative understanding of these processes, but it is unclear whether these simple models properly capture the complexities of multicellular systems. We recently discovered that in biofilms of the bacterium Bacillus subtilis, the propagation of an electrical signal is statistically consistent with percolation theory, and yet it is reasonable to suspect that key features of this system go beyond the simple assumptions of basic percolation theory. Indeed, we find here that the probability for a cell to signal is not independent from other cells as assumed in percolation theory, but instead is correlated with its nearby neighbors. We develop a mechanistic model, in which correlated signaling emerges from cell division, phenotypic inheritance, and cell displacement, that reproduces the experimentally observed correlations. We find that the correlations do not significantly affect the spatial statistics, which we rationalize using a renormalization argument. Moreover, the fraction of signaling cells is not constant in space, as assumed in percolation theory, but instead varies within and across biofilms. We find that this feature lowers the fraction of signaling cells at which one observes the characteristic power-law statistics of cluster sizes, consistent with our experimental results. We validate the model using a mutant biofilm whose signaling probability decays along the propagation direction. Our results reveal key statistical features of a correlated signaling process in a multicellular community. More broadly, our results identify extensions to percolation theory that do or do not alter its predictions and may be more appropriate for biological systems.P50 GM085764 - NIGMS NIH HHS; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; R01 GM121888 - NIGMS NIH HHSPublished versio

Cost analysis of Bilkent University housing complex from a cost accounting application framework

Ankara : The Department of Management and the Graduate School of Business Administration of Bilkent Univ., 1993.Thesis (Master's) -- Bilkent University, 1993.Includes bibliographical references leaves 46-47.The cost centers of the housing facility of Bilkent University are examined to determine the total expenditure figure for 1992. Data are separated for East and Center Campus housing areas and compared in terms of different unitcost measurements. Some hypotheses are tested to find if any difference exists. Comparisons are reported by pareto, pie and control charts to end up with some standards. Some differences appeared between East and Center campuses' cost centers. These differences are highlighted and some suggestions have been made.Süel, HasanM.S

Optimizing periodicity and polymodality in noise-induced genetic oscillators

Many cellular functions are based on the rhythmic organization of biological processes into self-repeating cascades of events. Some of these periodic processes, such as the cell cycles of several species, exhibit conspicuous irregularities in the form of period skippings, which lead to polymodal distributions of cycle lengths. A recently proposed mechanism that accounts for this quantized behavior is the stabilization of a Hopf-unstable state by molecular noise. Here we investigate the effect of varying noise in a model system, namely an excitable activator-repressor genetic circuit, that displays this noise-induced stabilization effect. Our results show that an optimal noise level enhances the regularity (coherence) of the cycles, in a form of coherence resonance. Similar noise levels also optimize the multimodal nature of the cycle lengths. Together, these results illustrate how molecular noise within a minimal gene regulatory motif confers robust generation of polymodal patterns of periodicity.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure

Türkiye genç erkek basketbol grup müsabakalarında oynayan basketbolcular ile aynı yaş grubu sedanter gençlerin beslenme bilgileri ve alışkanlıklarının karşılaştırılması

The aim of the study performed is to determine nutritional information and habits of sedentary young people in the same age group with basketball players in young men's basketball group matches in Turkey and to detect whether there is a difference between two groups. A total of 189 subjects consisting of 84 basketball players playing in young men's basketball group matches in Turkey and 105 sedentary young men in the same age group with them were enrolled in the study. Of the basketball players, mean age was 16.9±0.8, mean height was 184±8.4 and mean weight was 73.05±9.74. Of the sedentary men, mean age was 16.2±1.1, mean height was 170.9 ± 0.3 and mean weight was 61.3 ± 10.98. The questionnaire consisting of 31 questions was administered to the subjects in young men's basketball group match in Turkey. The data obtained were evaluated by determining the percentage distributions. When the nutritional information of the subjects was compared, it was determined that basketball players were informed by 65.5% and sedentaries were informed by 27.6%. In determination whether the subjects pay attention to nutrition, basketball players answered yes by 67.9% and sedentaries answered yes by 59%. In detection of the number of meals the subjects ate, it was reported that 65.5% of basketball players ate three meals a day while 70.5% of sedentaries ate meals a day. In determination of whether the subjects made breakfast in the morning, basketball players answered yes by 67.9% and sedentaries answered yes by 68.6%. When asked whether the subjects had non-meal habits, basketball players answered yes by 72.6% and sedentaries answered yes by 79%. It was observed that although youth engaged in sports actively had more information about nutrition and had to pay more attention to nutrition when compared to sedentary group, the effect was not at the desired level.Yapılan çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye genç erkek basketbol grup müsabakalarında oynayan basketbolcular ile aynı yaş grubu sedanter gençlerin beslenme bilgileri ve alışkanlıklarının belirlenmesi ve iki grup arasında bir fark olup olmadığını tespit etmektir. Araştırmamıza Türkiye genç erkek basketbol grup müsabakalarında oynayan 84 basketbolcu ile aynı yaş grubundan 105 sedanter genç erkekten oluşan toplam 189 denek katıldı. Basketbolcuların yaşları ortalamaları 17±0,9, boy ortalamaları 184±8,37, ağırlıkları ortalamaları 72,8±9,84 olarak belirlendi. Sedanter erkeklerin ise yaşları ortalamaları 16±1,2, boy ortalamaları 171±9,34, ağırlıkları ortalamaları 60,87±11,77 olarak belirlendi. Deneklere 31 sorudan oluşan anket Türkiye genç erkek basketbol grup müsabakalarında uygulandı. Elde edilen veriler yüzdelik dağılımları belirlenerek değerlendirildi. Beslenme konusundaki bilgileri karşılaştırıldığında bayanlarda %25,9, erkeklerde ise %36.6 oranında bilgiye sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir. Deneklerin beslenmelerine dikkat edip etmediklerinin belirlenmesinde bayanlarda %16,1 dikkat ederim ve %24,1 bazen cevapları alınırken, erkeklerde %27,7 dikkat ettikleri, %25 bazen dikkat ettikleri cevabı alınmıştır. Deneklerin yedikleri öğün sayılarının tespitinde ağırlıklı olarak bayanlarda %34,8’i 3 öğün yemek yediklerini belirtirken, erkelerde 44.6’sı 3 öğün yediklerini belirtmişlerdir. Bayan ve erkek basketbolcularda genelde üç öğün yemek yedikleri sonucu ortaya çıkarken aralarında bir fark olmadığı gözlenmiştir. Deneklerin sabah kahvaltısı yapıp yapmadıklarının tespitinde bayanlarda %13.4 evet, %22.3 ise bazen cevabı alınırken, erkeklerde bu değerler 18.8 evet ve 28.6 bazen olarak tespit edilmiştir. Deneklerin öğün dışı beslenme alışkanlıklarının olup olmadığı sorgulandığında bayanlarda 36,6’sı evet, erkeklerde 49,1’i evet cevabını vermişlerdir. Bayan ve erkek sporcuların öğün dışı beslenme alışkanlıklarına sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir

An excitable gene regulatory circuit induces transient cellular differentiation

Certain types of cellular differentiation are probabilistic and transient. In such systems individual cells can switch to an alternative state and, after some time, switch back again. In Bacillus subtilis, competence is an example of such a transiently differentiated state associated with the capability for DNA uptake from the environment. Individual genes and proteins underlying differentiation into the competent state have been identified, but it has been unclear how these genes interact dynamically in individual cells to control both spontaneous entry into competence and return to vegetative growth. Here we show that this behaviour can be understood in terms of excitability in the underlying genetic circuit. Using quantitative fluorescence time-lapse microscopy, we directly observed the activities of multiple circuit components simultaneously in individual cells, and analysed the resulting data in terms of a mathematical model. We find that an excitable core module containing positive and negative feedback loops can explain both entry into, and exit from, the competent state. We further tested this model by analysing initiation in sister cells, and by re-engineering the gene circuit to specifically block exit. Excitable dynamics driven by noise naturally generate stochastic and transient responses, thereby providing an ideal mechanism for competence regulation

Tunability and Noise Dependence in Differentiation Dynamics

The dynamic process of differentiation depends on the architecture, quantitative parameters, and noise of underlying genetic circuits. However, it remains unclear how these elements combine to control cellular behavior. We analyzed the probabilistic and transient differentiation of Bacillus subtilis cells into the state of competence. A few key parameters independently tuned the frequency of initiation and the duration of competence episodes and allowed the circuit to access different dynamic regimes, including oscillation. Altering circuit architecture showed that the duration of competence events can be made more precise. We used an experimental method to reduce global cellular noise and showed that noise levels are correlated with frequency of differentiation events. Together, the data reveal a noise-dependent circuit that is remarkably resilient and tunable in terms of its dynamic behavior