Audit of the workload in a Maxillo-Facial and Oral Surgical Unit in Johannesburg

A research report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Dentistry to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg July, 2017.INTRODUCTION Maxillo-facial and oral surgical (MFOS) audits provide data to both current and prospective patients regarding the quality of care an institution is capable of providing. The more frequently performed MFOS procedures can be determined and the allocation of funding and resources can therefore be more appropriately allocated. The scope of MFOS practice that can be determined from an audit may be used for comparison with international trends of practice and for future planning in the training of registrars. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to conduct an audit to evaluate the workload and scope of practice of the MFOS unit in the Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital (CMJAH) for the year 2015 (1st January 2015 to 31st December 2015) by quantifying MFOS conditions and respective treatment modalities for this period. The objectives of the study were to determine the number of patients treated in the unit, their mean age and gender, the spectrum of MFOS activities and scope of practice and to relate this to areas of practice described by Laskin in 2008. METHODS AND MATERIALS The study was a retrospective, cross-sectional study of patients managed in the MFOS unit of the CMJAH. The sample included all patients (in-patients and out-patients) treated in the unit over a one-year period (1st January 2015 to 31st December 2015). Data was retrieved from the statistics of the unit which included a theatre logbook for cases treated under general anaesthesia, as well as a patient register for cases treated under local anaesthesia at the Wits Dental Hospital (located in the CMJAH). The data colleced included patient age, gender, month of procedure, diagnosis of condition, anatomical site of condition (for trauma and pathology) and the nature of the procedure performed. RESULTS A total of 1,750 patients were treated in the CMJAH MFOS unit during the year 2015. Five hundred and two patients (502) were treated under general anaesthesia while 1,248 patients were treated under local anaesthesia. The male to female ratio was 1.3:1 and the majority of these patients were in their 3rd and 4th decade. Most patients required a tooth extraction mainly for an impacted 3rd molar. Conditions such as trauma, pathology, post-operative complications and sepsis were most commonly encountered. Isolated conditions such as facial deformities, edentulism, partial edentulism and temporo-mandibular joint dysfunction (TMD) were seen on a much lower scale. Dentoalveolar surgery was the most commonly performed procedure followed by the treatment of facial fractures, biopsy of pathological lesions and the incision and drainage of sepsis. Procedures such as jaw reconstructions, jaw resections, soft tissue surgery, orthognathic surgery, implant placements and temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) surgery were not regularly encountered and only performed under general anaesthesia. The treatment of post-operative complications was also not routinely performed. DISCUSSION The CMJAH MFOS unit treats a high volume of patients in comparisons with global studies. The scope of practice according to areas described by Laskin (2008) is relatively broad, with most procedures being performed in the unit. Certain more advanced MFOS procedures in Laskin’s area of familiarity are not commonly done by registrars due to a low demand and a lack of funding. CMJAH policy also prevents the treatment of certain conditions by the unit, which leads to a slight narrowing of the scope of practice. CONCLUSIONS In accordance with global workloads and trends, the CMJAH MFOS unit treats a significantly high number of patients as compared with numbers seen on the Asian continent. The scope of MFOS practice is relatively broad with regard to Laskin’s areas of expertise and competence but very narrow in the area of familiarity. We recommend that the workload of the unit might be reduced by training more dental practitioners in primary healthcare procedures. In order to increase their scope of MFOS practice, registrars should devote a fixed amount of time to confering with specialists in private practices who are exposed to advanced MFOS procedures.LG201

CLUSTER ANALYSIS OF POVERTY, OPEN UNEMPLOYMENT AND EDUCATION PERCENTAGE IN CENTRAL JAVA FOR THE 2020 PERIOD

This study aims to categorize districts/cities in Central Java Province based on cluster analysis of poverty, open unemployment and education level. The population and sample used in this study are 35 districts/cities in Central Java Province in 2020. The research data was taken from BPS secondary data. Data were analyzed using SPSS application with k-means cluster analysis. The results of this study explain that 35 regencies/cities in Central Java Province are divided into 2 clusters. The characteristics of cluster 1 have values above the average for the variables of poverty and education, but the open unemployment rate is below the average. The characteristics of cluster 2 have values above the average for the open unemployment rate variable, but the poverty and education variables have values below the average. Cluster 1 consists of districts Banyumas, Purbalingga, Banjarnegara, Kebumen, Purworejo, Wonosobo, Magelang, Boyolali, Klaten, Wonogiri, Karanganyar, Sragen, Grobogan, Blora, Rembang, Pati, Demak, Semarang, Temanggung, Pemalang and Brebes. Meanwhile, Cluster 2 consists of the districts of Cilacap, Sukoharjo, Kudus, Jepara, Kendal, Batang, Pekalongan, Tegal. In addition, there are also the cities of Magelang, Surakarta, Salatiga, Semarang, Pekalongan and Tegal

Audit of the workload in a maxillofacial and oral surgical unit in Johannesburg

Maxillofacial and oral surgical (MFOS) audits are able to provide data to both current and prospective patients regarding the quality of care an institution is capable of providing. The more frequently performed MFOS procedures can be determined and the allocation of funding and resources can therefore be achieved more appropriately. To conduct an audit to evaluate the workload and scopeof practice of the MFOS unit of the Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital (CMJAH) for the year 2015 by quantifying MFOS conditions and the respective treatment modalities. The study was retrospective and cross-sectional. Data was retrieved from the patient logbook of the unit which was then entered into a Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet. Pie graphs and bar charts representing the data were then generated. A total of 1 750 patients were treated in the unit. The male to female ratio was 1.3:1 and the majority of these patients were in their 3rd and 4th age decade. Most patients required a tooth extraction mainly for an impacted 3rd molar. Dentoalveolar surgery was the most commonly performed procedure followed by the treatment of facial fractures. Pathological and other MFOS conditions were less commonly encountered. The CMJAH MFOS unit treats a high volume of patients according to comparisons with global studies

Does The Psychology of Investment Decisions Depend on Risk Perception And Financial Literacy?

This study examines and analyses the effect of overconfidence, herding effect, and disposition effect bias on investment decisions mediated by risk perception and moderated by financial literacy. The sample for this study uses 184 investors from 19 provinces in Indonesia using a purposive sampling technique. Regression partial least squares test the hypothesis with the Warp-PLS application version. The study's results found that overconfidence bias does not affect risk perception. Herding effect bias and disposition bias have positive effects on risk perception. Risk perception has a positive effect on investment decisions. Risk perception fully mediates the relationship between disposition effect bias on investment decisions. However, risk perception does not mediate the relationship between overconfidence bias and herding effect bias on investment decisions. Meanwhile, financial literacy must moderate the relationship between risk perception and investment decisions. The implication of the study is expected to assist the Financial Services Authority in increasing investors' financial literacy in the capital market

STUDENTS’ PERSPECTIVES ON THE TEACHERS’ WRITTEN CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK IN ONLINE PROFESSIONAL NARRATIVE WRITING CLASS

This research aimed to find out students' perspectives on the teachers' written corrective feedback in online Professional Narrative Writing classes and discover the types of the teachers' written corrective feedback that Professional Narrative Writing students prefer to help them revise their writing. Thus, the research questions of this study were (1) What are the students' perspectives on the teachers' written corrective feedback in online Professional Narrative Writing class? and (2) What are the types of the teachers' written corrective feedback that the students prefer to get to help them revise their writing in Professional Narrative Writing class? The participants of this study were thirty-four (34) students from three online Professional Narrative Writing classes in Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana. This study was conducted from September until December 2021. Also, the data collection instruments used open-ended and closed-ended questionnaires and interviews. The findings showed that the participants had positive and negative perspectives toward the teachers' written corrective feedback in online Professional Narrative Writing class. Then, the most preferred type of the teachers' written corrective feedback was indirect feedback since the participants believed it could help them revise their essays. Therefore, the findings of this study were expected to be useful for teachers in giving effective written corrective feedback.  Keywords: students' perspectives, the teachers' written corrective feedback, online professional narrative writing clas

Hierarchical Scheduling for Multicores with Multilevel Cache Hierarchies

Cache-locality is an important consideration for the performance in multicore systems. In modern and future multicore systems with multilevel cache hierarchies, caches may be arranged in a tree of caches, where a level k cache is shared between Pk processors, called a processor group, and Pk increases with k. In order to get good performance, as much as possible, subcomputations that share more data should execute on processors which share a lower-level cache. Therefore, the number of cache misses in these systems depends on the scheduling decisions, and a scheduler is responsible for not just achieving good load-balance and low overheads, but also good cache complexity. However, these can be competing criteria. In this paper, we explore the tension between these criteria for online hierarchical schedulers. Formally, we consider a system with P processors, arranged in a multilevel hierarchy according to a hierarchy tree, where each of the P processors forms a leaf of the tree, and an internal node at level-k corresponds corresponds to a processor group. In addition, we assume that computations have locality regions, that represent parallel subcomputations that share data. Each locality region has a particular level, and the scheduler must ensure that a level-k locality region is executed by processors in the same level-k processor group, since they share a level k cache. Thus locality regions can improve cache performance. However, they may also impair load-balance and increase scheduling overheads since the scheduler must obey the restrictions posed by locality regions. In this paper, we present a framework of hierarchical computations, that is, computations with locality regions at multiple levels of nesting. We describe the hierarchical greedy scheduler, where each locality region is scheduled using a greedy scheduler which attempts to use as many processors as possible while obeying the restrictions posed by the locality regions. We derive a recurrence for the time complexity for a region in terms of its nested regions. We also describe how a more realistic hierarchical work-stealing scheduler can get the same bounds apart from constant factors for an important subclass of computations called homogenous computations. Finally, we also analyze the cache complexity of the hierarchical work-stealing scheduler for a system with a multilevel cache hierarchy

Influence of leadership style on organisational citizenship behaviours (OCB's) in achieving innovation

In a hyper-competitive global economy, innovation has become crucial for organisations to achieve economic stability, relevance and competitive advantage. Business environments demand a consistent culture of dynamism and evolution to respond to market needs, and innovation is central to accomplishing economic and organisational success. Leaders play a strategically essential role in crafting organisational environments that cultivate an innovation mind-set and nurtures creativity. Current literature positions numerous leadership styles and characteristic of leaders, however, its influence on citizenship behaviours, and how this in turn fosters innovation is not well understood. This study investigates which specific leadership styles and leader behaviours influence the occurrence of organisational citizenship behaviours (OCBs) required to achieve innovation. A qualitative approach was applied where semi-structured interviews were conducted with c-suite executives, heads of divisions, innovation experts and middle managers. The study substantiates current literature affirming the influence of transformational, authentic and transactional leadership on OCBs. By engendering OCB supporting behaviours, transformational leadership was found to be the most prevalent leadership style, followed by authentic and transactional styles. OCBs influence innovation outcomes in return, when innovation supporting behaviours, equivalent to OCB supporting behaviours, are in place. These prevailing leadership styles also influence innovation outcomes directly by creating a culture of curiosity and by maintaining a future-focused perspective. Notably, it was found that followers were more inclined towards organisation oriented OCBs than inter-personal oriented OCBs. While transformational leadership is renowned for cultivating positive follower behavioural outcomes, negative outcomes also emerged within the context of achieving innovation. This has facilitated the design of a conceptual framework which may benefit organisations in their pursuit of sustainable innovation practices. The study contributes to the body of knowledge in the fields of leadership and innovation.Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2019.ms2020Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)MB

Memory-mapped transactions

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 149-154).Memory-mapped transactions combine the advantages of both memory mapping and transactions to provide a programming interface for concurrently accessing data on disk without explicit I/O or locking operations. This interface enables a programmer to design a complex serial program that accesses only main memory, and with little to no modification, convert the program into correct code with multiple processes that can simultaneously access disk. I implemented LIBXAC, a prototype for an efficient and portable system supporting memory-mapped transactions. LIBXAC is a C library that supports atomic transactions on memory-mapped files. LIBXAC guarantees that transactions are serializable, and it uses a multiversion concurrency control algorithm to ensure that all transactions, even aborted transactions, always see a consistent view of a memory-mapped file. LIBXAC was tested on Linux, and it is portable because it is written as a user-space library, and because it does not rely on special operating system support for transactions. With LIBXAC, I was easily able to convert existing serial, memory-mapped implementations of a B+-tree and a cache-oblivious B-tree into parallel versions that support concurrent searches and insertions.(cont.) To test the performance of memory-mapped transactions, I ran several experiments inserting elements with random keys into the LIBXAC B+-tree and LIBXAC cache-oblivious B-tree. When a single process performed each insertion as a durable transaction, the LIBXAC search trees ran between 4% slower and 67% faster than the B-tree for Berkeley DB, a high-quality transaction system. Memory-mapped transactions have the potential to greatly simplify the programming of concurrent data structures for databases.by Jim Sukha.M.Eng