Teaching English/Spanish Cognates to Increase Reading Comprehension

A curriculum has been developed for middle school English as a Second Language (ESL) students to improve their reading comprehension. A review of the literature found that vocabulary is an essential part of reading comprehension and becoming aware of English/Spanish cognates can increase the students\u27 English vocabulary. The curriculum includes a survey to assess a student\u27s knowledge and use of cognates, lesson plans to introduce the concept of cognates, to practice recognizing English/Spanish cognates, and learn the correlation of suffixes between English and Spanish. The curriculum also includes lists of English/Spanish cognates divided by subjects

Calico Rock Sandstone Member of the Everton Formation (Ordovician), Northern Arkansas

Surface and subsurface stratigraphic studies in northeastern Arkansas show the Calico Rock Sandstone (Middle Ordovician) to be a lobate sand body up to 200 ft thick. The environment of deposition is considered from a study of grain characteristics, ripple marks, subjacent and superjacent units and unpublished isopachous maps. The data indicate the Calico Rock Sandstone formed in a transgressing Everton sea as a barrier island and near shore sand complex. The quartz sand was derived from a northern source and was distributed by southwestward flowing longshore currents

Stabilisierung sub- und pertrochantärer Femurfrakturen mit dem PFNΑ®

Zusammenfassung: Operationsziel: Primär belastungsstabile Osteosynthese per- und subtrochantärer Femurfrakturen mit intramedullärem Kraftträger, besonders auch in osteoporotischem Knochen. Rasche Wiederherstellung der Anatomie und Funktion des verletzten Beins. Indikationen: Sämtliche per- und subtrochantäre Frakturen der AO-Klassifikation 31-A. Kontraindikationen: Offene Wachstumsfugen und ungeeignete Femuranatomie (pathologische Antekurvation bzw. fehlverheilte Schaftfrakturen). Operationstechnik: Wenn möglich geschlossene, bei Bedarf offene Reposition der Faktur auf dem Extensionstisch. Intramedulläre, unaufgebohrte Nagelung und Frakturfixation durch Einbringen einer Spiralklinge über einen Führungsdraht in das Kopf-Halsfragment. Möglichkeit zur dynamischen oder statischen Verriegelung im Femurschaft. Operative Nachsorge: Rasche Mobilisation ab dem ersten postoperativen Tag mit schmerzadaptierter Vollbelastung. Thromboseprophylaxe für 6Wochen mit Fondaparinux, Rivaroxaban oder niedermolekularem Heparin (NMH), alternativ orale Antikoagulation. Ergebnisse: Im Rahmen einer AO-Multizenterstudie an 11 europäischen Kliniken wurden zwischen April 2004 und Juni 2005 313Patienten (Durchschnittsalter 80,6Jahre, 77% Frauen, 23% Männer) mit 315 instabilen pertrochantären Frakturen mittels PFNΑ® ("proximal femoral nail antirotation") operativ stabilisiert [24]. Bei 82% handelte es sich um 31-A2-Frakturen, bei 18% um 31-A3-Frakturen. Die durchschnittliche Operationszeit betrug 56min für die A2-Frakturen und 66min für die A3-Frakturen. Die durchschnittliche Liegedauer im Akutspital betrug 12Tage. Bei 72% der Patienten konnte ein Repositions- und Stabilisierungsergebnis erreicht werden, welches eine unmittelbare postoperative Vollbelastung erlaubte. Insgesamt wurden 165Komplikationen beobachtet, 117 davon waren nicht auf das Implantat zu beziehen. 46 operationsbedingte Komplikationen führten zu 28 ungeplanten Re-Operationen (u.a. 7Femurschaftfrakturen, 4 azetabuläre Penetrationen). 56% der Patienten konnten über ein ganzes Jahr nachkontrolliert werden. Nach einem Jahr waren 89% der Frakturen konsolidiert. Die höchsten Komplikationsraten wiesen Frakturen der Morphologie 31-A2.3 sowie Patienten älter als 90Jahre auf. Mit dem PFNA® wurde damit eine mit den Resultaten anderer intra- und extramedullärer Implantate vergleichbare Anzahl operationsbedingter Komplikationen (14,6%) beschriebe

Quantification of bone strength by intraoperative torque measurement: a technical note

Introduction: Bone strength describes the resistance of bone against mechanical failure. Bone strength depends on both the amount of bone and the bone's quality, and the bone strength may be looked upon as a relevant parameter to judge an osteosynthesis' stability. Information about bone strength was barely available intraoperatively in the past. The previous work of our group reported on development and laboratory evaluation of mechanical torque measurement as a method for the intraoperative quantification of bone strength. With the clinical series presented here we intend to verify that the im gesamten Text DensiProbe™ instrumentation for intraoperative torque measurement and the related measurement method are eligible for intraoperative use based on the following criteria: application of the method may not create complications, the measurement can be performed by the surgeon himself and may only cause a limited increase in the procedure time. Patients and methods: From December 2006 until May 2007 ten patients with a pertrochanteric femoral fracture or a lateral femoral neck fracture eligible for stabilization with DHS® were included in the study after having received informed consent. Any medication and comorbidity that might have influenced bone quality or bone mineral density (BMD) in these patients was documented. Bone strength was intraoperatively measured with DensiProbe®. Complications that were obviously related with torque measurement were documented as well as any deviation from the suggested procedure; 6 and 12 weeks postoperative follow-up included clinical and radiological examination. The time required for torque measurement, the overall operating time and the number of persons present in the operating room were protocolled. BMD values of the contralateral femoral neck were postoperatively assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and compared to intraoperative peak torque values measured by DensiProbe®. Results: No major complication was observed during intraoperative application of DensiProbe®by trained surgeons. The unintended extraction of the guide wire together with the torque measurement probe was reported only once and is looked upon as a minor complication. Fracture healing was uneventful in all patients. The mean time for torque measurement was 2.35±0.9min accounting for 2.2±1.1% of total surgery time. The presence of an additional person was not required to perform torque measurement but to protocol the data. There was a tendency towards correlation between BMD values of the femoral neck and intraoperative peak torque values. Discussion: The data presented clearly indicate that the DensiProbe® instrumentation and measurement principle are eligible for routine intraoperative use by trained surgeons. Interpretation of possible correlations between BMD values measured by means of DEXA and the Peak Torque values assessed by DensiProbe® has to be considered very carefully, because BMD and Peak Torque analyse bone at a different scale. Only within the framework of a multicenter study it will be possible to include a sufficient number of patients for calculation of the methods' predictive value towards implant failure and to verify acceptance of the method by the surgeon

Vision and SLAM on a highly dynamic mobile two-wheeled robot

This thesis examines a sparse feature based visual monocular simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) approach with the intension of stabilizing a two-wheeled balancing robot. The first part introduces the basics like camera geometry, image processing and filtering. Further on, the thesis treats the details of a monocular SLAM system and shows some specialties to keep the computational effort low. The last part deals with Andrew Davison's "SceneLib" library and how it can be used to obtain the camera state vector.Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen Einblick in das Thema der auf wenigen Bildfeatures basierenden simultanen Lokalisierung und Karten Erstellung (SLAM) mittels monokularer Kamera zum Zwecke der Regelung eines zweirädrigen balancierenden Roboters. Im ersten Teil werden grundlegende Themen wie die Kamerageometrie, Bildverarbeitung und Filtertechniken besprochen. Darauf aufbauend werden im zweiten Abschnitt Details und effizienzsteigernde Maßnahmen erläutert, die ein monokulares Echtzeit-Kamera-SLAM System möglich machen. Im letzten Teil der Arbeit wird beschrieben wie mittels Andrew Davisons "SceneLib" Bibliothek die aktuelle Kamera Pose bestimmt werden kann

Crop Production for Pacific Islands: Instructor Manual

An entry level university course with specific reference to Pacific Island conditions. Instructor's can either use the materials directly from the manual or adapt them to suit their needs. Chapters include: agroecology; climate; world food crops; and crop production. Each chapter contains objectives, vocabulary, lecture outlines, suggested activities, and transparency masters.Funded through the US Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research Service