Realisierungsformen der Sprechereinstellung in der deutschen Wissenschaftskommunikation - Versuch einer Klassifikation

Die Klasse der Sprechereinstellung gilt als eine heterogene Klasse, die sprachlich durch diverse Ausdrucksformen realisiert wird. Trotz der Heterogenität der Realisierungsformen werden dieser Klasse keine Arbeiten zur Differenzierung zwischen den einzelnen Formen gewidmet. Die Sprechereinstellung ist der Modalität zuzuordnen. In der Literatur gibt es jedoch verschiedene semantisch-logische Typologien für die Modalität, nämlich subjektive und objektive Modalität (Helbig/Buscha 1996, S. 131 f.), epistemische und nicht-epistemische Modalität (Duden 2005, S. 562 ff.), logische, psychologische und soziale Modalität (Gabelentz 1891, S. 495 ff.) und kognitive, volitive und emotive Modalität (Bublitz 1978, S. 6 f.) Redder (2009, S. 88 ff.) macht einen Vorschlag zur Unterscheidung zwischen drei handlungstheoretischen Arten der Modalität, die die kommunikative Qualität der Modalität in den Vordergrund rücken. Diese Arten sind Handlungsmodalität, Wirklichkeitsmodalität und Wissensmodalität. In diesem Klassifizierungsversuch sind die Realisierungsformen der Sprechereinstellung unter der Wissensmodalität zu finden. Auf dieser Basis wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit versucht, eine wissensbezogene Klassifikation der variablen Realisierungsformen der Sprechereinstellung aus funktional-pragmatischer Sicht in einer konkreten Textart zu erstellen, nämlich im wissenschaftlichen Text. Parallel zur Klassifizierung lässt sich ebenso die Handlungsqualität der Sprechereinstellung darin ermitteln

he intercultural formal grammar – requirements, aims and procedures

Beschreibungen der verschiedenen Sprachen sind grundsätzlich unvollständig bzw. lückenhaft. Das liegt an der Komplexität des Phänomens Sprache, aber auch an dem Entwicklungsstand und dem Umfang der einzelnen Linguistiktraditionen, die dies- bezüglich etliche Unterschiede aufweisen. Daher kann der Blick auf andere Sprachen/ Sprachbeschreibungen auf die Lücken bzw. Unzulänglichkeiten der einzelnen Sprachbeschreibungen aufmerksam machen. Das bildet den Ausgangspunkt der interkulturellen Systemgrammatik. Wenn Sprachen / Sprachbeschreibungen aufein- ander bezogen werden, kann das eine vervollständigende Funktion für die beteiligten Sprachbeschreibungen haben. Man kann Phänomene bzw. Probleme aufdecken, die in der vorhandenen grammatischen Beschreibung nicht erfasst sind bzw. nicht existieren, und / oder adäquatere Erklärungsmuster für gemeinsame Phänomene oder Lösungen für Problembereiche finden. Dieser Beitrag will die Vorausset-zungen der interkulturellen Systemgrammatik und an Hand des grammatischen Transfers zwischen dem Deutschen und Arabischen ihre Vorgehensweisen und Erkenntnisinteressen vorstellen.Descriptions of various languages are fundamentally incomplete and fragmentary. This is due to the complexity of language, and also to the extent and level of development of linguistic traditions that have quite a few differences among them. Therefore, the views of other languages and / or language descriptions may draw attention to the gaps or inadequacies of the individual language descriptions. This is the starting point for intercultural formal grammar. When languages and / or language descriptions are related to each other both descriptions may gain and become more comprehensive. Problems or phenomena not represented in existing grammatical descriptions may be uncovered and / or more adequate explanations for similar phe-nomena or solutions to problem areas can be found. This paper will present the requirements of intercultural formal grammar and show its procedures and aims on the basis of grammatical transfer between German and Arabic

A importância do aconselhamento nutricional na influência de hábitos alimentares saudáveis, autonomia do paciente e adesão ao tratamento: uma revisão bibliográfica

http://repositorio.uniceub.br/retrieve/33714/21505223.pd

Die interkulturelle Systemgrammatik: Voraussetzungen, Erkenntnisinteresse und Vorgehensweise

Beschreibungen der verschiedenen Sprachen sind grundsätzlich unvollständig bzw. lückenhaft. Das liegt an der Komplexität des Phänomens Sprache, aber auch an dem Entwicklungsstand und dem Umfang der einzelnen Linguistiktraditionen, die diesbezüglich etliche Unterschiede aufweisen. Daher kann der Blick auf andere Sprachen/ Sprachbeschreibungen auf die Lücken bzw. Unzulänglichkeiten der einzelnen Sprachbeschreibungen aufmerksam machen. Das bildet den Ausgangspunkt der interkulturellen Systemgrammatik. Wenn Sprachen/Sprachbeschreibungen aufeinander bezogen werden, kann das eine vervollständigende Funktion für die beteiligten Sprachbeschreibungen haben. Man kann Phänomene bzw. Probleme aufdecken, die in der vorhandenen grammatischen Beschreibung nicht erfasst sind bzw. nicht existieren, und/oder adäquatere Erklärungsmuster für gemeinsame Phänomene oder Lösungen für Problembereiche finden. Dieser Beitrag will die Voraussetzungen der interkulturellen Systemgrammatik und an Hand des grammatischen Transfers zwischen dem Deutschen und Arabischen ihre Vorgehensweisen und Erkenntnisinteressen vorstellen.Descriptions of various languages are fundamentally incomplete and fragmentary. This is due to the complexity of language, and also to the extent and level of development of linguistic traditions that have quite a few differences among them. Therefore, the views of other languages and/or language descriptions may draw attention to the gaps or inadequacies of the individual language descriptions. This is the starting point for intercultural formal grammar. When languages and/or language descriptions are related to each other both descriptions may gain and become more comprehensive. Problems or phenomena not represented in existing grammatical descriptions may be uncovered and/or more adequate explanations for similar phenomena or solutions to problem areas can be found. This paper will present the requirements of intercultural formal grammar and show its procedures and aims on the basis of grammatical transfer between German and Arabic

CULTURA ESTÉTICA EM FRIEDRICH SCHILLER

As cartas sobre A educação estética do homem (1795), para além de um tratado estético, são também um manifesto político – essa é a perspectiva que direciona e justifica este trabalho. Logo nas primeiras cartas, Schiller deixa claro que a pesquisa dedicada ao Belo e à Arte se relaciona intimamente com os problemas da felicidade e da política; afirma, com todas as letras, que o caminho trilhado através do problema estético conduz à resolução prática do problema político. A partir da análise dos principais elementos que compõem a reflexão expressa na obra destacada, pretende-se demonstrar que o ponto de partida e chegada da filosofia schilleriana é a sociabilidade entre os homens

Predicting surgical outcome of pediatric percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Purpose: The aim was to evaluate the outcome of pediatric percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) guided by Guy’s stone score grading system.Patients and methods: This was a prospective study of children with renal calculi more than 2 cm. They were younger than 18 years and were a candidate for PCNL at our University Hospitals from January 2013 until July 2016. All of them had a low-dose noncontrast enhanced computed tomography. The procedure was performed under general anesthesia with the patients in the prone position guided by fluoroscopy. The stone-free rate and the presence and type of complications were estimated. The demographic and clinical data, stone characteristics, radiologic anatomy as well the PCNL approach and methods of lithotripsy used were evaluated. Comparison was performed through using univariate and multivariate analyses, and factors predicting the PCNL outcome were determined.Results: A total of 110 children with kidney stones were accepted for PCNL. Overall, 95 (86.3%) of 110 children were stone free after one-stage PCNL. Grade 1 Guy’s stone score was 97.5% (40/41) (P<0.05). Mean hospital stay was 4.01 ± 2.0 days. Operative complications include bleeding in 12 (10.9%), extravasation in seven (6.4%), injury to the colon in one (0.9%), and renal pelvis perforation three (2.7%). In our study, larger Amplatz sheath, stone burden, and longer operative time are related to complications.Conclusion: Guy’s stone score correlated with both success and complications and can be used for decision making preoperatively in pediatric PCNL.Keywords: Guy’s stone score, minimally invasive, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, pediatric, urolithiasi

Modeling and assessing potential soil erosion hazards using usle and wind erosion models in integration with GIS techniques: Dakhla oasis, Egypt

Soil erosion modeling is becoming more significant in the development and implementation of soil management and conservation policies. For a better understanding of the geographical distribution of soil erosion, spatial-based models of soil erosion are required. The current study proposed a spatial-based model that integrated geographic information systems (GIS) techniques with both the universal soil loss equation (USLE) model and the Index of Land Susceptibility to Wind Erosion (ILSWE). The proposed Spatial Soil Loss Model (SSLM) was designed to generate the potential soil erosion maps based on water erosion and wind erosion by integrating factors of the USLE and ILSWE models into the GIS environment. Hence, the main objective of this study is to predict, quantify, and assess the soil erosion hazards using the SSLM in the Dakhla Oasis as a case study. The water soil loss values were computed by overlaying the values of five factors: the rainfall factor (R-Factor), soil erodibility (K-Factor), topography (LS-Factor), crop types (C-Factor), and conservation practice (P-Factor). The severity of wind-driven soil loss was calculated by overlaying the values of five factors: climatic erosivity (CE-Factor), soil erodibility (E-Factor), soil crust (SC-Factor), vegetation cover (VC-Factor), and surface roughness (SR-Factor). The proposed model was statistically validated by comparing its outputs to the results of USLE and ILSWE models. Soil loss values based on USLE and SSLM varied from 0.26 to 3.51 t ha−1 yr−1 with an average of 1.30 t ha−1 yr−1 and from 0.26 to 3.09 t ha−1 yr−1 with a mean of 1.33 t ha−1 yr−1, respectively. As a result, and according to the assessment of both the USLE and the SSLM, one soil erosion class, the very low class (<6.7 t ha−1 yr−1 ), has been reported to be the prevalent erosion class in the study area. These findings indicate that the Dakhla Oasis is slightly eroded and more tolerable against water erosion factors under current management conditions. Furthermore, the study area was classified into four classes of wind erosion severity: very slight, slight, moderate, and high, representing 1.0%, 25.2%, 41.5%, and 32.3% of the total study area, respectively, based on the ILSWE model and 0.9%, 25.4%, 43.9%, and 29.9%, respectively, according to the SSLM. Consequently, the Dakhla Oasis is qualified as a promising area for sustainable agriculture when appropriate management is applied. The USLE and ILSWE model rates had a strong positive correlation (r = 0.97 and 0.98, respectively), with the SSLM rates, as well as a strong relationship based on the average linear regression (R2 = 0.94 and 0.97, respectively). The present study is an attempt to adopt a spatial-based model to compute and map the potential soil erosion. It also pointed out that designing soil erosion spatial models using available data sources and the integration of USLE and ILSWE with GIS techniques is a viable option for calculating soil loss rates. Therefore, the proposed soil erosion spatial model is fit for calculating and assessing soil loss rates under this study and is valid for use in other studies under arid regions with the same condition

ANALISIS RISIKO ARC FLASH MENGGUNAKAN ETAP PADA BUS TEGANGAN MENENGAH DAN RENDAH

Sistem proteksi koordinasi dapat dioptimalkan pada perusahaan pembangkit listrik yang berlokasi di Paiton, Probolinggo dengan upaya untuk mencapai salah satu tujuan yaitu dapat meminimalisir risiko terjadinya gangguan. Hal tersebut dilakukan dengan optimalisasi sistem proteksi koordinasi. Penelitian diawali dengan mencari arus hubung singkat pada 16 busbar PLTU dan melakukan setting koordinasi proteksi. Selanjutnya menganalisis busur api sesuai standard IEEE 1584-2002 untuk menentukan besarnya insiden energi dan menentukan batas keamanan untuk para pekerja serta menentukan personal protective equipment (PPE) sesuai level insiden energi busur api sesuai standard NFPA 70E 2015. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah arus hubung singkat maksimum terdapat pada busbar 7EP-LC-B22 dengan nilai 194,10 kA. Nilai insiden energi terbesar terdapat pada busbar 7EN-SWGR-C1 dengan nilai 28,74 (cal/cm2 ). Setelah dilakukan resetting koordinasi proteksi, nilai insiden energi mengalami penurunan pada busbar 7EM-SWGR-A yang semula 12,31 (cal/cm2 ) menjadi 12,11 (cal/cm2 ). Insiden energi juga mengalami kenaikan pada busbar 7EP-LC-B1A1 yang awalnya 2,92 (cal/cm2 ) menjadi 11,34 (cal/cm2 ). Pengendalian dilakukan dengan resetting ulang koordinasi proteksi dan memberikan label pada setiap busbar serta mewajibkan pekerja menggunakan alat pelindung diri sesuai dengan level insiden energi busur api. Kata Kunci: Arc Flash, ETAP, IEEE 1584-2002, Koordinasi Proteksi, NFPA 70E 201