Fuzzy clustering of fuzzy systems

A fuzzy system entirely characterizes one region of the input-output product space S=U×Vthrough a relation expressed by a set of fuzzy rules. Effectively, the fuzzy system establishes a fuzzy map, which assigns for each input fuzzy set in U an output fuzzy set in V. The partition of this product space may be made through the decomposition of the relation. The fuzzy clustering of fuzzy rules, here proposed, as well as clustering of data, leads to a fuzzy partition of the S space. The result is a set of fuzzy sub-systems, one for each cluster that will be conveniently linked in a new structure. This paper proposes a new recursive clustering algorithm for the partition of a fuzzy system into a hierarchical collaborative structure. The global response of the hierarchical collaborative structure is identical to the input fuzzy system.Portuguese Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT) - Project SAPIENS- POCTI/33574/99

Desarrollo de una herramienta web para la visualización de comunicaciones de red

[Resumen] A lo largo de los años el número de elementos en una red, los servicios y la cantidad de tráfico generado han ido aumentando exponencialmente. Por esta razón, es cada vez más importante analizar y monitorizar el tráfico en una red para prevenir problemas de seguridad, optimizar la reserva de recursos, etc. Para realizar estas acciones, el análisis basado en paquetes es la opción tradicional. Este proporciona un conocimiento más profundo de la red y las comunicaciones que tienen lugar en ella, pero conlleva un alto consumo de recursos. Con el fin de paliar este alto consumo, surgió el análisis basado en flujos. Este tipo de análisis no sustituye al anterior, sino que lo complementa y constituye un enfoque más escalable, especialmente en redes de alta velocidad. Consiste en agrupar paquetes similares y analizar estas agrupaciones en conjunto, sin tener en cuenta cada paquete de forma individual. La similitud entre los paquetes capturados se basa en varias propiedades como puertos de capa de transporte, direcciones IP, protocolo encapsulado a nivel de red, etc. De hecho, la información de flujo puede ser útil para muchos propósitos: facilitar el diagnóstico y la solución de los problemas de comunicación, detectar anomalías, clasificar el tráfico… La gran mayoría de las herramientas actuales requieren la instalación de software más o menos complejo por parte del cliente. Además, muchas de estas soluciones conllevan un elevado coste hardware o el pago de licencias. Por esos motivos se propone el diseño de una interfaz gráfica “amigable”, que solo exija tener instalado un navegador web y que posibilite la generación de un esquema de red, aparte del propio análisis de flujos de tráfico.[Abstract] Over the years the number of elements in a network, the services and the amount of traffic generated have been increasing exponentially. For this reason, it is increasingly important to analyze and monitor traffic on a network to prevent security problems, optimize resource reservation, etc. To perform these actions, packet-based analysis is the traditional option. This provides a deeper understanding of the network and the communications that take place on it, but involves a high consumption of resources. In order to alleviate this high consumption, flow-based analysis emerged. This type of analysis does not replace the previous one, but rather complements it and constitutes a more scalable approach, especially in high-speed networks. It consists in grouping similar packages and analyzing these groups together, without taking into account each package individually. The similarity between the captured packets is based on various properties such as transport layer ports, IP addresses, network-level encapsulated protocol, etc. In fact, flow information can be useful for many purposes: to facilitate the diagnosis and solution of communication problems, detect anomalies, classify traffic… The vast majority of current tools require the installation of more or less complex software by the customer. In addition, many of these solutions carry a high cost of hardware or the payment of licenses. For these reasons, the design of a ”friendly” graphical interface is proposed, which only requires having a web browser installed and which allows the generation of a network diagram, in addition to the analysis of traffic flows itself.Traballo fin de grao (UDC.FIC). Enxeñaría informática. Curso 2019/202

Programa de melhorias técnicas aplicadas ao acelerador RDS-111 do IEN- grade hexagonal do porta-alvo

Muitas peças utilizadas no acelerador de partículas RDS-111RD do Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear não estão disponíveis no mercado brasileiro e, portanto, quando necessárias, devem ser importadas. Nem sempre é possível manter em estoque a quantidade necessária de peças sobressalentes, devido principalmente à restrições/previsões orçamentárias. Há ainda, outros problemas relacionados com o processo de importação, tais como: o tempo gasto desde o início do pedido da compra até a chegada das peças e o alto custo das mesmas. Além disto, geralmente, as peças só são vendidas pelo próprio fabricante do acelerador que não tem obrigações legais de manter a continuidade de fabricação delas. Como o RDS-111RD produz o radioisótopo 18F-, e a partir de um processo de síntese o [18F]FDG, que é utilizado em exames médicos, o seu tempo de “parada” para manutenções deve ser minimizado. Estudos vêm sendo realizados na tentativa de nacionalizar a fabricação de algumas peças e aperfeiçoá-las, principalmente aquelas que se mostram mais críticas do ponto de vista da sua importância dentro do sistema, ou devido à frequência com que apresentam problemas (desgastes). Neste trabalho, apresentamos a “grade hexagonal de cobre” que foi desenvolvida no IEN/CNEN, e que é utilizada no suporte e refrigeração da janela do porta-alvo. É ela que cria a infra-estrutura, que permite a essa janela fazer a contenção do altamente pressurizado alvo de água enriquecida em 18O

A new rebbachisaurid sauropod from the Aptian–Albian, Lower Cretaceous Rayoso Formation, Neuquén, Argentina

Rebbachisaurids are a group of basal diplodocimorph sauropods that diversified in Gondwana at the end of the Early Cretaceous and the beginning of the Late Cretaceous. It is a group of great palaeobiogeographical interest, for it clearly illustrates various processes of dispersal throughout Gondwana and to Laurasia prior to the breakup of Africa and South America. However, the relationships within the group are still under discussion owing to the scarcity of cranial material that would help clarify them. In the present paper we describe the new rebbachisaurid Lavocatisaurus agrioensis gen. et sp. nov. from the Aptian–Albian (Lower Cretaceous) of Neuquén (Argentina). Remains have been recovered belonging to an adult specimen (holotype) and two immature specimens (paratypes). Taken together, almost all the bones of the taxon are represented, including most of the cranium. Lavocatisaurus agrioensis gen. et sp. nov. is the first rebbachisaurid from Argentina with an almost complete cranium, making it possible to recognize differences with respect to other rebbachisaurids, such as the highly derived Nigersaurus. Among its most notable characters are the presences of a large preantorbital fenestra and maxillary teeth that are significantly larger than those of the dentary. Our phylogenetic study places Lavocatisaurus amongst basal rebbachisaurids, as the sister lineage to Khebbashia (the clade formed by Limaysaurinae + Rebbachisaurinae). This position, which is somewhat more derived than that previously suggested for Comahuesaurus and Zapalasaurus (the Argentinean rebbachisaurids closest in geographical and geological terms), reaffirms the presence of different basal rebbachisaurid lineages in the Early Cretaceous of Patagonia

Tratamento de varizes retais de difícil controlo

Background: Rectal varices are portosystemic collaterals that arise as a complication of portal hypertension. Despite their significant prevalence among cirrhotic patients, clinically important bleeding occurs only in a minority. Various treatment options are available, with endoscopic therapies being widely used, and both interventional radiology and surgery being considered for refractory bleeding rectal varices. Case: We report the case of a 61-year-old male with hepatic cirrhosis and bleedingrectal varices refractory to endoscopic therapy, successfully managed with a combination of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) and selective variceal embolization. Conclusions: Radiological techniques are effective options for refractory bleeding. Adding embolization to TIPS implantation could represent a valid adjunctive measure for haemostasis of recurrent rectal variceal bleeding.Introdução: As varizes retais são colaterais portossistémicos que se formam como complicação da hipertensão portal. Apesar de serem frequentes em doentes com cirrose hepática, cursam com hemorragia apenas numa minoria dos casos. Entre as opções terapêuticas disponíveis, a endoscópica é a mais amplamente disponível e utilizada, sendo as intervenções da radiologia ou da cirurgia reservadas para casos de hemorragia refratária. Caso: Apresenta-se o caso de um homem de 61 anos com cirrose hepá­tica e hemorragia com ponto de partida em varizes retais. Por refratariedade ao tratamento endoscópico, uma combinação de shunt portossistémico intrahepático transjugu­lar e embolização seletiva das varizes retais foi necessária para uma hemóstase eficaz. Conclusão: A combinação do TIPS com a embolização seletiva das varizes retais é uma alternativa terapêutica na hemorragia por varizes retais refratárias a tratamento endoscópico.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A new sauropod titanosaur from the Plottier Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of Patagonia (Argentina)

This paper presents a new titanosaur sauropod, collected from levels of reddish clays assigned to the Plottier Formation (Coniacian-Santonian). The holotype of Petrobrasaurus puestohernandezi gen. et. sp. nov. is a disarticulated specimen, from which teeth, cervical, dorsal and caudal vertebrae, sternal plates, metacarpals, femora, tibia, a fragment of ilium, pubis, haemal arches, and cervical and dorsal ribs have been preserved. This period is of particular interest because it saw the definitive isolation of the vertebrate faunas of Patagonia, with the separation of South America from the rest of Gondwana, a process that had begun during the Early Cretaceous. Although some of the characters observed in Petrobrasaurus gen. nov. suggest a relationship with the South American clade Lognkosauria, this new sauropod is regarded as Titanosauria incertae sedis until a more profound analysis of the Titanosauria that in which it is included is undertaken

Marine and continental fossil reptiles of the Museo Provincial de Ciencias Naturales “Prof. Dr. Juan A. Olsacher” of Zapala, Neuquén province

Los estudios realizados en reptiles fósiles de las colecciones del museo “Prof. Dr. Juan A. Olsacher” de la ciudad de Zapala (Neuquén) se orientaron hacia formas marinas del Jurásico y formas continentales del Cretácico Inferior y Cretácico Superior en la Cuenca Neuquina. Vinculado a la Dirección Provincial de Minería de la provincia desde sus orígenes, el museo Olsacher prestó colaboración logística con grupos de investigación nacional e internacionales, entre los que sobresalen el grupo de reptiles marinos del Museo de La Plata. Desde 2008, el museo cuenta con personal de investigación encargado del estudio del contexto geológico y tafonómico de los restos fósiles hallados. Como resultado de las campañas realizadas en los últimos 50 años, las cuales contaron con el apoyo logístico del museo Olsacher, la institución incorporó a sus colecciones una gran cantidad de especímenes, entre ellos 15 holotipos, 7 de reptiles marinos y 8 de dinosaurios.Studies carried out on fossil reptiles housed in the collections of the “Prof. Dr. Juan A. Olsacher” museum in the city of Zapala (Neuquén) have been oriented towards marine and continental forms of the Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous and lower Upper Cretaceous of the Neuquina Basin. In association with the Dirección Provincial de Minería from its origins, the Olsacher Museum provided logistical collaboration to national and international research groups, including the marine reptiles group of the La Plata Museum. Since 2008, the museum has been in charge of studying the geological and taphonomic context of the fossil remains found. As a result of the fieldwork carried out over the last 50 years, which had the logistical support of the Olsacher museum, the institution has incorporated into its collections a large number of specimens, including 15 holotypes, 7 of them are marine reptiles and 8 are dinosaurs.Fil: Gasparini, Zulma. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; ArgentinaFil: Salgado, Leonardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación en Paleobiología y Geología; ArgentinaFil: Garrido, Alberto Carlos. Provincia de Neuquén. Ministerio de Energía, Ambiente y Servicios Públicos. Dirección Provincial de Minería. Museo Provincial de Ciencias Naturales Prof. "Dr. Juan A. Olsacher"; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Geología y Petróleo; Argentin

A new primitive Neornithischian dinosaur from the Jurassic of Patagonia with gut contents

We describe a new species of an ornithischian dinosaur, Isaberrysaura mollensis gen. et sp. nov. The specimen, consisting in an almost complete skull and incomplete postcranium was collected from the marine-deltaic deposits of the Los Molles Formation (Toarcian-Bajocian), being the first reported dinosaur for this unit, one of the oldest from Neuquén Basin, and the first neornithischian dinosaur known from the Jurassic of South America. Despite showing a general stegosaurian appearance, the extensive phylogenetic analysis carried out depicts Isaberrysaura mollensis gen. et sp. nov. as a basal ornithopod, suggesting that both Thyreophora and neornithischians could have achieved significant convergent features. The specimen was preserved articulated and with some of its gut content place in the middle-posterior part of the thoracic cavity. Such stomach content was identified as seeds, most of them belonging to the Cycadales group. This finding reveals a possible and unexpected role of this ornithischian species as seed-dispersal agent

Un nuevo saurópodo rebaquisáurido del Cretácico Inferior (Albiense) de la Formación Rayoso (Neuquén, Argentina)

En este trabajo se describen los únicos restos de dinosaurio saurópodo conocidos para la Formación Rayoso (Albiense, Patagonia, Argentina). Se han recolectado un ejemplar adulto parcialmente articulado y restos de dos juveniles en el mismo yacimiento. El adulto está representado por la mayor parte del cráneo, el cuello articulado y gran parte de la cola también articulada. Los ejemplares juveniles conservan gran parte del esqueleto apendicular y la escápula, de gran importancia sistemática. Los caracteres morfológicos de los dientes, escápula y vértebras caudales sitúan a los ejemplares recolectados entre los rebaquisáuridos, aunque con claras diferencias con los taxones descritos para el Cretácico Inferior de Argentina, por lo que podría tratarse de una nueva especie. In this paper we describe the only specimens of sauropod dinosaur known in the Rayoso Formation (Albian, Patagonia, Argentina). We found a partially articulated adult specimen and remains of two juveniles in the same site. The adult is represented by most of the skull, neck and much of tail articulated. The juvenile specimens retain much of the appendicular skeleton and scapula, high systematic importance. The morphological features of the teeth, caudal vertebrae and scapula place the collected specimens among the rebbachisaurids, though with clear differences with other taxa described for the Lower Cretaceous of Argentina, so it could be a new species

Primera evidencia de dinosaurios ornitópodos en la base de la Formación Huincul (Cenomaniense Superior-Turoniense, Cuenca Neuquina, Argentina)

Se describe por primera vez la presencia de dinosaurios ornitópodos en la base de la Formación Huincul (Cenomaniense-Turoniense) de Agrio del Medio (Neuquén, Argentina). Se trata de una falange ungueal del pie bien conservada y de pequeño tamaño. Presenta una morfología general en forma de garra, similar a la de los ornitópodos basales que se han encontrado en el Cretácico Superior de Sudamérica, lo que le diferencia de las formas más derivadas de iguanodontios con ungueal en forma de casco. Este descubrimiento es una nueva evidencia que los pequeños ornitópodos basales se encontraban en la Cuenca Neuquina, al menos, desde el transito Cretácico Inferior-Superior. We describe for the first time the presence of ornithopod dinosaurs at the base of the Huincul Formation (Cenomanian-Turonian) of Agrio del Medio (Neuquén, Patagonia, Argentina). The specimen in question is a well-preserved and small phalanx toenail. It presents a general morphology in the form of a claw, similar to that of basal ornithopods that have been found in the Upper Cretaceous of South America. This differentiates it from the most derived iguanodontians, which have a hoof-shaped nail. This finding is new evidence than indicates that small basal ornithopods were in the Neuquén Basin at least since the transition of the Early-Late Cretaceous