The discovery of the law of gravitation from the logical point of view

Is there a logic of scientific discovery? Are there logical relations between the knowledge scientists posses as they start their investigations and new hypotheses and theories they formulate? Can such relations be retrospectively reconstructed?Most philosophers of science in 20 th century claimed that processes of inventing new hypotheses or theories are not governed by any rules of logic.  They claimed that new hypotheses are products of “leaps of imagination” that cannot be logically analyzed

Common zeros preserving maps on vector-valued function spaces and Banach modules

Let X, Y be Hausdorff topological spaces, and let E and F be Hausdorff topological vector spaces. For certain subspaces A (X,E) and A(Y, F) of C(X,E) and C(Y, F) respectively (including the spaces of Lipschitz functions), we characterize surjections S, T : A (X;E) → A(Y, F), not assumed to be linear, which jointly preserve common zeros in the sense that Z (f - f') ∩ Z (f - f') ∩ Z (g - g') ≠ 0 if and only if Z (Sf - Sf') ∩ Z (Tg - Tg') ≠ 0 for all f, f', g, g' ∈ A (X, E). Here Z (·)denotes the zero set of a function. Using the notion of point multipliers we extend the notion of zero set for the elements of a Banach module and give a representation for surjective linear maps which jointly preserve common zeros in module case

Is social work the work of love? : love practice and queer doing in the process for full self-determination

The 1915 National Conference of Charities and Corrections, during which Abraham Flexner stated that social work was not a profession because it lacked a communicable technique , is understood as a historically significant event in social work history. Part of the discourse regarding the legacy of this conference has spoken to social work\u27s struggle with comprehending the nature of its purpose and definition as a profession. In this thesis I explore the phenomenon of social work, understood as a profession, and how its professionalization may contribute to its struggle in developing a comprehensive practice method that makes its stated values of justice and full self-determination of the individual intelligible. I look at love as theoretically formulated by Erich Fromm and M. Scott Peck in what they offer in regarding love as a practice, and queer theory in exploring the social and political situation of social work and to illuminate the diversity and multiplicity that is inherent in social work and its humanistic origin. Through this exploration on a struggle for a definition, I posit that this challenge comes from the field attempting to understand itself within the structure of professionalism and academia, both of which value empirical inquiry and scientific positivism in social theory over creative engagement with an inquiry on love and human connection

Involutions on S^6 with 3-dimensional fixed point set

In this article, we classify all involutions on S^6 with 3-dimensional fixed point set. In particular, we discuss the relation between the classification of involutions with fixed point set a knotted 3-sphere and the classification of free involutions on homotopy CP^3's.Comment: 23 page

Macro-Drivers Of Gulf Co-operation Council Countrys Economic Risk

This study provides the first empirical analysis of the Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC), which explores the macro-drivers of each country's economic risk. It examined the economic risk across GCCs countries over the period of January 2000 to December 2011. The study included all GCC countries: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), Kuwait, United Arab of Emirates (UAE), Qatar, Sultanate of Oman (Oman), and Kingdom of Bahrain (Bahrain). In terms of economic risk, results revealed that Kuwait and UAE represented a safe land for local and international investment to be allocated in GCC. This could be attributed to their very high rating and stability of economic systems in comparison with other GCC countries. Results also revealed that KSA, Qatar and Bahrain were considered countries with an instable economic system in comparison with other GCC countries. Moreover, findings revealed that each GCC country was a unique case in terms of its drivers of economic risk. Results also indicated that while KSAs economic risk was driven by the instability of its budget balance as a percentage of GDP, Kuwaits economic risk was driven by the low real GDP growth, and UAEs economic risk was driven by the instable GDP per capita. As for the economic risk of Qatar, Oman, and Bahrain, it was driven by the illiquidity of the economy as measured by the current account as a percentage of GDP

Optimización de recursos en los programas de electrificación rural, mediante el diseño de una metodología de priorización de distritos para el desarrollo de proyectos de electrificación en la Región la Libertad

La presente investigación se centra en diseñar una metodología para priorizar a los distritos en el desarrollo de proyectos de electrificación que permita optimizar los recursos en los programas de electrificación rural. En el desarrollo del método se evalúan dos etapas; la primera corresponde a la determinación de la muestra de estudio mediante el índice de Gini que mide el grado de desigualdad en la distribución del servicio eléctrico en una región determinada y la segunda a la priorización de la muestra mediante el método de proceso analítico jerárquico (AHP) que establece grados de importancia entre los indicadores socioeconómicos siguientes: Número de usuarios, Índice de desarrollo humano (IDH) e Ingreso Percápita, criterios que garantizan la sostenibilidad de los sistemas eléctricos; seguido por la estandarización de los índices socioeconómicos y cálculo de los índices cualitativos de ponderación para generar un orden jerárquico de distritos. Con éste diseño metodológico se pretende contribuir en la toma de decisiones del tipo gerencial.Tesi