The Role of Public Urban Spaces in Creating a Vivacious Society: A Case Study in Tabriz, Iran

Public spaces are an arena for displaying the flow of human life. Social interactions with triple classifications including compulsory, optional and social activities take place in these spaces. The issue that we will review in the present discussion refers to lack of public lively spaces for doing optional-recreative activities in Tabriz. First, public urban spaces and necessity of their existence in creating a lively and spirited environment will be described. Second, we will discuss the subject of virtual world and its impact on redefining of social relations, and disruption of the recent generation from the past one. Then with reviewing the available spaces in the city and their analysis, and also regarding different factors, we will try to provide appropriate solutions and new ideas in creating new spaces which will altogether take into account the issues of recreation, welfare, peace, interaction, art and virtual world. The results show that the inadequacy of the public spaces with a recreational approach is felt in urban arena and inside the dense context of Tabriz regarding its large scale in comparison with other megalopolises

The Role of Public Urban Spaces in Creating a Vivacious Society: A Case Study in Tabriz, Iran

Public spaces are an arena for displaying the flow of human life. Social interactions with triple classifications including compulsory, optional and social activities take place in these spaces. The issue that we will review in the present discussion refers to lack of public lively spaces for doing optional-recreative activities in Tabriz. First, public urban spaces and necessity of their existence in creating a lively and spirited environment will be described. Second, we will discuss the subject of virtual world and its impact on redefining of social relations, and disruption of the recent generation from the past one. Then with reviewing the available spaces in the city and their analysis, and also regarding different factors, we will try to provide appropriate solutions and new ideas in creating new spaces which will altogether take into account the issues of recreation, welfare, peace, interaction, art and virtual world. The results show that the inadequacy of the public spaces with a recreational approach is felt in urban arena and inside the dense context of Tabriz regarding its large scale in comparison with other megalopolises

Joint Optimal Power Control and Beamforming in Wireless Networks Using Antenna Arrays

The interference reduction capability of antenna arrays and the power control algorithms have been considered separately as means to increase the capacity in wireless communication networks. The MVDR (Minimum Variance Distortionless Responses) beamformer maximizes the Carrier to Interference Ratio (CIR) when it is employed in the receiver of a wireless link. In a system with omnidirectional antennas, power control algorithms are used to maximize CIR as well. In this paper we consider a system with beamforming capabilities in the receiver, and power control. an iterative algorithm is proposed to jointly update the transmission powers and the beamformer weights so that the coverage to the jointly optimal beamforming and transmission power vector. The algorithm is distributed and uses only local interference measurements. In an uplink transmission scenario it is shown how base assignment can be incorporated in addition to beamforming and power control such that a globally optimum solution is obtained. the network capacity increase and the saving in mobile power achieved by beamforming are evaluated through numerical study

The Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Dipeptydilpeptidase-4 Inhibitors on Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Complications in Diabetes

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists are a class of newly introduced antidiabetic medications that potentially lower blood glucose by several molecular pathways. DPP-4 inhibitors are the other type of novel antidiabetic medications which act by preventing GLP-1 inactivation and thereby increasing the activity levels of GLP-1, leading to more glucose-induced insulin release from islet β-cells and suppression of glucagon release. Most patients with diabetes have concurrent hypertension and cardiovascular disorder. If antihyperglycemic agents can attenuate the risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease, they will amplify their overall beneficial effects. There is conflicting evidence on the cardiovascular benefits of GLP-1R induction in laboratory studies and clinical trials. In this study, we have reviewed the main molecular mechanisms by which GLP-1R induction may modulate the cardiovascular function and the results of cardiovascular outcome clinical trials

The Performance of SLNR Beamformers in Multi-User MIMO Systems

YesBeamforming in multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) systems is a vital part of modern wireless communication systems. Researchers looking for best operational performance normally optimize the problem and then solve for best weight solutions. The weight optimization problem contains variables in numerator and dominator: this leads to so-called variable coupling, making the problem hard to solve. Formulating the optimization in terms of the signal to leakage and noise ratio (SLNR) helps in decoupling the problem variables. In this paper we study the performance of the SLNR with variable numbers of users and handset antennas. The results show that there is an optimum and the capacity curve is a concave over these two parameters. The performances of two further variations of this method are also considered

Multi-user interference mitigation under limited feedback requirements for WCDMA systems with base station cooperation

One of the techniques that has been recently identified for dealing with multi-user interference (MUI) in future communications systems is base station (BS) cooperation or joint processing. However, perfect MUI cancellation with this technique demands severe synchronization requirements, perfect and global channel state information (CSI), and an increased backhaul and signaling overhead. In this paper, we consider a more realistic layout with the aim of mitigating the MUI, where only local CSI is available at the BSs. Due to synchronization inaccuracies and errors in the channel estimation, the system becomes partially asynchronous. In the downlink of wideband code division multiple access based systems, this asynchronism stands for the loss of the orthogonality of the spreading codes allocated to users and thus, for an increase in the MUI level of the system. In this contribution, we propose a framework for mitigating the MUI which builds in three main steps: definition of a cooperation area based on the channel characteristics, statistical modeling of the average MUI power experienced by each user and a specific spreading code allocation scheme for users served with joint processing. This code allocation assigns spreading codes to users in such a way that minimum average cross-correlation between active users can be achieved. Interestingly, these steps can be performed with a limited amount of extra feedback from the user's side