240 research outputs found

    Balance bibliográfico sobre los procesos de adaptación del periodismo en la era digital (Colombia, Ecuador y España, 2009-2019)

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    En el presente trabajo se estudia las dificultades que presentan los periodistas en su adaptación a la sociedad de la información. Para ello, el estudio se centra en tres países iberoamericanos: Colombia, Ecuador y España, para entender cómo fue su etapa de transformación digital. Durante la investigación se exploró en los estudios de casos y en los aportes teóricos de distintos autores, tanto a nivel global como en cada país seleccionado. Como resultado, se concluye que los periodistas de medios tradicionales presentan dificultades tecnológicas para elaborar contenidos ciberperiodísticos, así como también para utilizar las herramientas digitales debido a los escasos conocimientos y habilidades tecnológicas que poseen. Resulta necesario este trabajo para conocer no solo la demanda de los nuevos perfiles periodísticos en la era digital, sino también para abordar a profundidad los cambios que se generaron en los medios de comunicación a raíz del desarrollo de la tecnología.In the present work, the difficulties that journalists present in their adaptation to the information society are studied. To do this, the study focuses on three Ibero-American countries: Colombia, Ecuador and Spain, to understand what their stage of digital transformation was like. During the investigation, case studies and the theoretical contributions of different authors were explored, both globally and in each selected country. As a result, it is concluded that journalists from traditional media present technological difficulties to elaborate cyberjournalistic content, as well as to use digital tools due to the limited knowledge and technological skills they possess. This work is necessary to know not only the demand for new journalistic profiles in the digital age, but also to address in depth the changes that were generated in the media as a result of the development of technology.Trabajo de investigació

    Coming up through the cracks : the Islamic State's resurgence in Syria and Iraq

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    The Islamic State’s attack, 20 January 2022, on al-Sina’a prison (al-Hasaka city) took both the international Coalition and the Syrian Democratic Forces by surprise. The Islamic State remains, on the evidence of this raid, a centralised organisation, coordinating efficiently at the regional level. The Islamic State is seizing the opportunities for action left to it by various local military forces. It is still taking advantage of the tensions from counterinsurgency strategies led by Western countries. The success of the war on terror will depend on the capacity of the Coalition to manage the new political landscape that this war helped create in Syria and Iraq

    Mejora en la gestión de inventario para la reducción de costos en una empresa de e-commerce: Caso Veraplaza

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    El presente trabajo de investigación se utilizó conocimientos sobre almacenes y stocks para la reducción de costos a través de una mejora en la gestión de inventarios en la empresa VERAPLAZA. Esta es una empresa retail que comercializa productos como por ejemplo abarrotes, artículos de belleza y artículos para dormitorio. El objetivo principal fue probar una solución que mejore la gestión del inventario de la empresa VeraPlaza. Además, los objetivos específicos fueron: Probar una solución que mejore la planificación de la demanda, probar una solución que mejore el control de inventario y probar una solución que mejore el abastecimiento de la empresa VeraPlaza. En la parte metodológica, fue un estudio de investigación aplicada, de diseño experimental con un enfoque cuantitativo desde el planteamiento del problema hasta la evaluación de las hipótesis. Para el logro de los objetivos se realizó un análisis de los productos que cuentan con un costo de sobre stock alto, así mismas modelos de pronósticos para el cálculo de números de productos a vender. Usando diversas herramientas de ingeniería se tuvieron como resultados, la reducción de costos de almacenaje y menor compra de productos de abastecimiento generando un menor costo de inventario. Se concluyó de la investigación, que la elaboración de un plan de la demanda permitió tener un número más claro sobre cuantos productos vender mensualmente y no tener que inventario sobrante, reduciendo gastos en productos que se queden en stock, al igual que un correcto control de stock y control de productos en tránsito.Tesi

    Le capital social révolutionnaire. L’exemple de la Syrie entre 2011 et 2014

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    Les auteurs montrent – dans le contexte de la guerre civile syrienne – comment l’appartenance à des groupes de manifestants contre le régime constitue un capital social autonome à la fois du capital social antérieur et des autres formes de capital, notamment économique et culturel. Il montre ainsi comment un événement permet la formation de capital. Le capital social n’apparaît pas comme un simple démultiplicateur des capitaux économiques et culturels existants, mais possède sa propre logique de formation et d’accumulation. Dans une phase ultérieure, ce capital social se convertit en positions au sein des institutions révolutionnaires, qui apparaissent alors comme du capital social objectivé. Les dotations initiales en capitaux redeviennent alors déterminantes pour comprendre la probabilité d’accès à différentes positions.Revolutionary Social Capital - The authors show how, in the context of the civil war in Syria, belonging to groups of protesters against the regime constitutes a variety of social capital that is autonomous both from previous social capital and from other forms of social capital, in particular economic and cultural capital. The article thus shows how an event enables the formation of capital. Social capital does not only have a demultiplying effect on existing economic and cultural capital: it is characterized by its own logic of formation and accumulation. In a subsequent stage, this social capital is converted in positions within the revolutionary institutions, which then appear as an objectified form of social capital. The initial endowments in capital again become decisive if one wants to understand the chances of access to these different positions.Das revolutionäre soziale Kapital. Das syrische Beispiel, 2011 bis 2014 - Die Autoren zeigen anhand des Kontextes des syrischen Bürgerkrieges, wie die Zughörigkeit zu den regimekritischen Protestgruppen ein eigenes soziales Kapital darstellt, das sowohl vom vorhergehenden sozialen Kapital als auch von anderen Formen des Kapitals, wie des wirtschaftlichen und kulturellen verschieden ist. Der Aufsatz zeigt so auf, wie sich Kapital durch Ereignisse formiert. Das soziale Kapital ist nicht einfach eine Verlängerung existierenden kulturellen oder ökonomischen Kapitals, sondern besitzt eine eigene Logik der Formierung und Akkumulation. In einer folgenden Phase wandelt sich dieses Kapital in Positionen innerhalb der revolutionären Institutionen um, die somit als objektiviertes soziales Kapital erscheinen. Die Ausgangsausstattung mit verschiedenen Kapitalformen wird so erneut ausschlaggebend, wenn es darum geht, die Wahrscheinlichkeit des Zugangs zu verschiedenen Positionen zu erklären.El capital social revolucionario. El ejemplo de Siria entre 2011 y 2014 - Los autores muestran -en el contexto de la guerra civil siria- como la pertenencia a grupos manifestantes contra el régimen constituye un capital social autónomo a la vez del capital social anterior y otras formas de capital, especialmente económico y cultural. Este articulo muestra así como un evento permite la formación de capital. El capital social no aparece como un simple desmultiplicador de capitales económicos y culturales existentes, sino posee su propia lógica de formación y acumulación. En una fase posterior, ese capital social se convierte en posiciones al seno de instituciones revolucionarias, que aparecen entonces como capital social objetivado. Las dotaciones iniciales en capitales vuelven a ser entonces determinantes para comprender la probabilidad de acceso a diferentes posiciones

    Measurement in Economics and Social Science

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    The paper discusses measurement, primarily in economics, from both analytical and historical perspectives. The historical section traces the commitment to ordinalism on the part of economic theorists from the doctrinal disputes between classical economics and marginalism, through the struggle of orthodox economics against socialism down to the cold-war alliance between mathematical social science and anti-communist ideology. In economics the commitment to ordinalism led to the separation of theory from the quantitative measures that are computed in practice: price and quantity indexes, consumer surplus and real national product. The commitment to ordinality entered political science, via Arrow’s ‘impossibility theorem’, effectively merging it with economics, and ensuring its sterility. How can a field that has as its central result the impossibility of democracy contribute to the design of democratic institutions? The analytical part of the paper deals with the quantitative measures mentioned above. I begin with the conceptual clarification that what these measures try to achieve is a restoration of the money metric that is lost when prices are variable. I conclude that there is only one measure that can be embedded in a satisfactory economic theory, free from unreasonable restrictions. It is the Törnqvist index as an approximation to its theoretical counterpart the Divisia index. The statistical agencies have at various times produced different measures for real national product and its components, as well as related concepts. I argue that all of these are flawed and that a single deflator should be used for the aggregate and the components. Ideally this should be a chained Törnqvist price index defined on aggregate consumption. The social sciences are split. The economic approach is abstract, focused on the assumption of rational and informed behavior, and tends to the political right. The sociological approach is empirical, stresses the non-rational aspects of human behavior and tends to the political left. I argue that the split is due to the fact that the empirical and theoretical traditions were never joined in the social sciences as they were in the natural sciences. I also argue that measurement can potentially help in healing this split

    Detonation synthesis of ZrO2 by means of an ammonium nitrate-based explosive emulsion

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    A zirconium (IV) oxide powder was successfully synthesized from the detonation of an explosive emulsion previously mixed with zirconium sulfate tetrahydrate salt (Zr(SO4)2·4H2O) as a ceramic precursor. After detonation of the energetic mixture in a detonation tank, the as-synthesized ceramic material was purified and characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission and scanning electron microscopy techniques, nitrogen physisorption and dynamic light scattering. The ceramic powder is made of crystalline nanosized particles exhibiting a homogeneous sphere-like morphology. An attempt to explain the oxide ceramic synthetic mechanism is discussed. The detonation synthetic route implementing high temperatures and high pressures in a short time may be seen as an encouraging method for large-scale production of nanopowder

    Explaining Structural Change: Actions and Transformations

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    Theories of structural change identify the range of transformations that are possible under given economic structures. However, in order specify a path of change out of those which are possible, these theories need to make explicit or implicit assumptions about actions taking place within structures. This, we argue, suggests that (i) these theories can identify potential, but not actual paths of change; and (ii) structural change is to some degree open-ended, because existing structures open up a range of possibilities but do not determine the specific actions taken therein. In order to explain which path of structural change is activated under specific historical conditions, we need to study how actual actions take place within structures. The paper suggests a way to do so, pointing to the interface between theory, which highlights possibilities for structural change, and history, which may 'close' such open-endedness in different ways depending on context
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