Rola lobbingu w polskich stosunkach przemysłowych

Lobbying is one of the strategies applied by groups of interest. Like any other strategy it is to help achieve the goals that a particular group identifies and articulates. Paradoxically, the greatest value and the strongest enemy of lobbying is its popularity. On one hand lobbying is a series of activities that group elites willingly (e.g. in the U.S.) employ to achieve their interests. On the other hand, though, referring to the notion of lobbying in various contexts, whether in PR, marketing or journalism, it raises numerous questions. The latter, i.e. the journalistic context distorts it most severely. It is journalism that applies the name of lobbying to mysterious, to put it mildly, and dubious interactions between the private and the political sectors, thereby implying a rather derogatory ‘image’ of this instrument in public opinion, which is especially the case in Central and Eastern Europe, including Poland. However, lobbying is more than a handy tool to achieve particular, strictly business interests, it is also an important route to implement social interests. It can be easily used by large economic groups of interest, trade unions or business organizations, wrestling with the strong third party of industrial relations, the state. By this token lobbying becomes a component of industrial relations, and by no means is it a worse party, one that is less socially-oriented and more like an ‘old boys’ network’, but a party which can efficiently contribute to a specified social interest to be implemented in the labor market. In order to make it possible, though, appropriate regulations, conditions, and factors of a legal, organizational and cultural nature need to be developed. A profound change in this field does not seem feasible in Poland, which becomes clear when reading the long-awaited law on lobbying currently in the legislative process. Maybe we should not be very surprised, given that our industrial arena is highly susceptible to hybrid and ephemeral solutions, and the issue of making appropriate use of lobbying also leaves a margin for uncertainty and deformation. Despite these concerns and limitations caused by industrial relations it is worth improving and creating the proper environment for lobbying activity in Poland, which the authors of this paper try to demonstrate.Lobbying is one of the strategies applied by groups of interest. Like any other strategy it is to help achieve the goals that a particular group identifies and articulates. Paradoxically, the greatest value and the strongest enemy of lobbying is its popularity. On one hand lobbying is a series of activities that group elites willingly (e.g. in the U.S.) employ to achieve their interests. On the other hand, though, referring to the notion of lobbying in various contexts, whether in PR, marketing or journalism, it raises numerous questions. The latter, i.e. the journalistic context distorts it most severely. It is journalism that applies the name of lobbying to mysterious, to put it mildly, and dubious interactions between the private and the political sectors, thereby implying a rather derogatory ‘image’ of this instrument in public opinion, which is especially the case in Central and Eastern Europe, including Poland. However, lobbying is more than a handy tool to achieve particular, strictly business interests, it is also an important route to implement social interests. It can be easily used by large economic groups of interest, trade unions or business organizations, wrestling with the strong third party of industrial relations, the state. By this token lobbying becomes a component of industrial relations, and by no means is it a worse party, one that is less socially-oriented and more like an ‘old boys’ network’, but a party which can efficiently contribute to a specified social interest to be implemented in the labor market. In order to make it possible, though, appropriate regulations, conditions, and factors of a legal, organizational and cultural nature need to be developed. A profound change in this field does not seem feasible in Poland, which becomes clear when reading the long-awaited law on lobbying currently in the legislative process. Maybe we should not be very surprised, given that our industrial arena is highly susceptible to hybrid and ephemeral solutions, and the issue of making appropriate use of lobbying also leaves a margin for uncertainty and deformation. Despite these concerns and limitations caused by industrial relations it is worth improving and creating the proper environment for lobbying activity in Poland, which the authors of this paper try to demonstrate

Techniques for efficiently implementing totally self-checking checkers in MOS technology

This paper presents some new techniques for reducing the transistor count oof MOS implementations of totally self-checking (TSC) checkers. The techniques are (1) transfer of fanouts, (2) removal of inverters and (3) use of multi-level realizations of functions. These techniques also increase the speed of the circuit and may reduce the number of required tests. Their effectiveness has been demonstrated by applying them to m-out-of-n and Berger code checkers. Impressive reductions of up to 90% in the transistor count in some cases have been obtained for the MOS implementation of these checkers. This directly translates into saving of chip area.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/26970/1/0000537.pd

Cultivating a Networked Learning Community: The Northeast Food Knowledge Ecosystem

Contributed Papers #3: OutreachA growing number of campus, community and regionally based food system initiatives are emerging across the US. They represent a diverse and energetically engaged constituency generating valuable insight and models. But for a variety of reasons much of this knowledge is siloed. A lack of awareness or cooperation amongst efforts is resulting in duplication of effort and in some cases competition. Many struggle to clearly articulate program goals which are unique or complementary to other efforts, or demonstrate real world impact within complex and dynamic food systems. At the same time, social, economic and environmental challenges highlight a growing need for agricultural production and food distribution systems suited to and informed by local needs and assets. Some are calling for a transition from fossil fuel input-intensive systems based on “optimized simplicity” to ones more information input-intensive, based on agroecological methods and networks optimizing complexity, supporting locally adapted but globally coordinated resilient food systems. In this presentation, I’ll share details about an initiative responding to these challenges and opportunities, the Northeast Food Knowledge Ecosystem project. Initiated by the Northeast Sustainable Agriculture Working Group in collaboration with several partners (including Land Grant universities and libraries), NEFKE seeks to connect a broad range of agriculture and food systems stakeholders in support of healthy food systems and resilient communities. By “upgrading our information infrastructure” we hope to more effectively link and leverage regional knowledge resources, while helping researchers, educators, and support programs better respond to emerging needs and opportunities. Our work consists of several mutually reinforcing activities, including networked information and communications systems, training and capacity building programs, strategic partnerships, and Communities of Practice. A desired outcome is a networked regional learning community, helping those engaged in agriculture and food systems work more freely collaborate and innovate for both individual benefit and collective impact

Optimizing for Health: Linking & Leveraging Land Grant Knowledge Assets in Support of Healthy People, Food Systems & Communities

Cornell University Library Digital Scholarship Fellowship Final ReportThis report provides an assessment of why and how U.S. Land Grant (LG) programs and institutions might more effectively link and leverage knowledge assets in support of their research, learning and outreach activities and continually evolving mission. More specifically it proposes several areas where we can strengthen and optimize socio-technical systems in support of community and regional agrifood systems. That includes facilitating networked learning and innovation across communities of interest, inquiry, practice and place through the collaborative development of a “Land Grant Knowledge Graph”. A focus on healthy, resilient agrifood systems supporting healthy people and communities is presented as a timely and compelling common ground for these capacity building efforts. It’s further argued that such systems-oriented approaches can better enable transdisciplinary, community engaged research and adaptive practices necessary for responding to a range of wicked problems including climate change and food insecurity. Additional outputs from this fellowship can be found here: https://extension.org/jeff-piestrak/eXtension Foundation; Cornell University Librar

On reducing error rate of data protected using systematic unordered codes in asymmetric channels

International audienc