Liberalism, Republicanism And The Spirit Of American Politics: A Critique Of Sandel

Michael Sandel sees Rawls' liberal theory of justice as abstractly uncomprehensive of another, republican view of the essential relation of political life to moral culture. But, as reference to the debates of the Civil War and the New Deal show, his own jeremiadic account of American history equally misrepresents the dialectical interplay of liberal and republican moments that is essential in American freedom

A Decentralized Parallelization-in-Time Approach with Parareal

With steadily increasing parallelism for high-performance architectures, simulations requiring a good strong scalability are prone to be limited in scalability with standard spatial-decomposition strategies at a certain amount of parallel processors. This can be a show-stopper if the simulation results have to be computed with wallclock time restrictions (e.g.\,for weather forecasts) or as fast as possible (e.g. for urgent computing). Here, the time-dimension is the only one left for parallelization and we focus on Parareal as one particular parallelization-in-time method. We discuss a software approach for making Parareal parallelization transparent for application developers, hence allowing fast prototyping for Parareal. Further, we introduce a decentralized Parareal which results in autonomous simulation instances which only require communicating with the previous and next simulation instances, hence with strong locality for communication. This concept is evaluated by a prototypical solver for the rotational shallow-water equations which we use as a representative black-box solver

Components of Nonlinear Oscillation and Optimal Averaging for Stiff PDEs

A novel solver which uses finite wave averaging to mitigate oscillatory stiffness is proposed and analysed. We have found that triad resonances contribute to the oscillatory stiffness of the problem and that they provide a natural way of understanding stability limits and the role averaging has on reducing stiffness. In particular, an explicit formulation of the nonlinearity gives rise to a stiffness regulator function which allows for analysis of the wave averaging. A practical application of such a solver is also presented. As this method provides large timesteps at comparable computational cost but with some additional error when compared to a full solution, it is a natural choice for the coarse solver in a Parareal-style parallel-in-time method

Current Trends in Child Abuse Prevention and Fatalities: The 2000 Fifty State Survey

This survey takes a closer look at two pressing needs. The first is the important role of prevention, specifically at the most effective prevention programs and how they are funded. The second need, based on feedback from PCA America Chapters and other prevention experts, is to better understand child fatalities and the kind of prevention strategies that can best reduce fatalities. This survey differs from previous surveys, as it did not attempt to gather data on child abuse and neglect reports or substantiations. Instead, the National Center on Child Abuse Prevention Research, the research arm of PCA America, is working with the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to ensure that our nation has the best systems available for gathering and tracking child maltreatment incidences. This report's highlights and findings are based on responses from 50 states and the District of Columbia, although all states have not responded to all questions. The results are reported in two main sections: Child Abuse and Neglect Prevention, and Child Maltreatment Fatalities. At the beginning of each are highlights followed by the complete findings for that section. Estimating procedures for child maltreatment fatalities should be used when interpreting the results for child maltreatment fatalities. In addition, throughout the document are references and links to sites containing additional information on the topics cited

Digital image correlation as a tool for bridge load rating and long-term evaluation

Over 600,000 bridges are currently in service in the United States; one in three is considered either functionally obsolete or structurally deficient. The Federal Highway Administration defines structurally deficient bridge as one with a condition rating less than four on a scale from zero to nine. If a bridge is considered structurally deficient a load rating is determined. A load rating factor indicates the quantity of design live load that can be safely applied to the bridge. Rating factors are often the result of visual inspections and an analytical protocol that accounts for the effects that dead and live loads have on individual structural elements. To more accurately measure these effects there is a need for an easily deployable and objective measurement of bridge performance and condition. Digital image correlation has the potential to be a cost effective technique for collecting displacement measurements at an in-service bridge structure. This thesis develops rating factors for a recently constructed 3-span steel girder bridge using five different methods. Methods include load and resistance factor rating, load factor rating, allowable stress rating, a rating based on a structural model created in CSiBridgeRTM, and a rating based on experimental displacement results using digital image correlation. The resulting load rating factors are compared and discussed