Preocupación de los profesores ante la reforma integral de la Educación Secundaria en México

En esta investigación de tipo exploratoria y de corte cuantitativo, se utilizó el Cuestionario de las Etapas de Preocupaciones para facilitadores del cambio, basado en el Modelo de Preocupaciones de los profesores propuesto por Fuller (1972), George (1978) y Hall, et al. (1991), con el propósito de identificar la etapa de preocupación predominante, en los profesores que laboran en las cuatro escuelas secundarias del estado de Yucatán, en donde se llevó a cabo la Primera Etapa de Implementación (PEI) de la Reforma Integral de la Educación Secundaria (RIES). Asimismo, se identificaron las preocupaciones de los profesores ante las propuestas realizadas por la Secretaría de Educación Pública para implementar la Reforma. El instrumento se administró a 100 profesores, de los cuales 50 participaban en la PEI y 50 no participaban en ella, al momento de realizar la encuesta. Los resultados demuestran que el 40% (n=20) de los profesores que participaban en la PEI se ubicaron en la etapa de información y que el 72% (n=36) de los que no participan se ubicaron en esta misma etapa, lo cual evidencia necesidades de información concerniente a la Reforma. Por otra parte, se identificó una alta preocupación hacia los cambios propuestos por la Secretaría de Educación, al igual que las necesidades de capacitación para mejorar el desempeño docente de los sujetos. De manera general, se identificó una perspectiva moderadamente positiva hacia las posibilidades de éxito de la Reforma para la calidad educativa en el estado

Productos naturales bioactivos de organismos marinos de la Península de Yucatán, México

Programa Oficial de Doutoramento en Química Ambiental e Fundamental. 5031V01[Resumen] Esta tesis doctoral describe la primera investigación exhaustiva sobre los productos naturales marinos de organismos recolectados a lo largo de las costas de la Península de Yucatán, México. Se recolectaron un total de 65 organismos que corresponden a 55 especies diferentes de las cuales 41 son esponjas, 13 ascidias y 1 gorgonia. Se utilizó la estrategia de aislamiento bioguiado y técnicas de desreplicación, mediante las cuales pudimos obtener 31 moléculas, de las que 10 resultaron ser nuevos compuestos naturales, mostrando algunos de ellos interesantes actividades biológicas. Cabe destacar que para la determinación estructural de algunos de los nuevos compuestos se han empleado por primera vez la aplicación de dos nuevas metodologías para la determinación de la configuración relativa de productos naturales marinos: la anisotropía de desplazamiento químico de protón (1H RCSA) y la utilización del análisis configuracional de RMN basado en J dependiente de la temperatura y en cambios de disolvente. Capítulo 1. Se hace una recopilación de las publicaciones que recogen las investigaciones en el área de los productos naturales marinos de la península de Yucatán hasta mediados del año 2019. Esta revisión bibliográfica dio origen a una publicación en la revista Marine Drugs (Mar. Drugs. 2020, 18, 59). Capítulo 2. Se describe la recolección de 65 organismos marinos en las costas de la Península de Yucatán, Mexico y su posterior extracción para así obtener los correspondientes extractos orgánicos. A continuación, se presentan los resultados de las actividades antibacteriana, antivírica y antiproliferativa de todos los extractos obtenidos. El fraccionamiento biodirigido de uno de los extractos marinos permitió aislar e identificar los compuestos causantes de la actividad antibacteriana para la esponja Amphimedon compressa. Capítulo 3. Se describe el aislamiento, la determinación estructural y la evaluación farmacológica de los compuestos puros obtenidos de las esponjas Spongia tubulifera, Ircinia felix, Agelas dilatata y la gorgonia Briareum asbestinum, organismos colectados en las costas de la Península de Yucatán, México. La elucidación estructural de las moléculas se realizó a partir de la utilización de ténicas espectroscópicas de RMN, UV e IR y espectrométricas (MS), mientras que la configuración absoluta se obtuvo a partir de cálculos computacionales (DFT), dicroísmo circular electrónico (ECD) y rayos X. Tres de los compuestos aislados de S. tubulifera mostraron una actividad citotóxica frente a líneas celulares de cáncer, otros dos aislados de I. felix presentaron una actividad antivírica muy potente frente a dos tipos de virus y finalmente dos de los metabolitos secundarios aislados de A. dilatata revelaron actividad frente a dos cepas bacterianas multiresistentes. Capítulo 4. Se expone la aplicación de dos nuevas metodologías para la determinación de la configuración relativa de dos nuevos productos naturales marinos: a) el uso del RMN de protón anisotrópico (1H RCSA) para obtener la configuración relativa del briarano B-3 a escala de microgramos de muestra y la aplicación del análisis configuracional de RMN basado en J dependiente de la temperatura y en cambios de disolvente, para determinar la configuración relativa de la nocardiomicina.[Resumo] Esta tese doutoral describe a primeira investigación exhaustiva sobre produtos naturais mariños procedentes de organismos recollidos ao longo das costas da Península de Yucatán, México. Recolléronse un total de 65 organismos, correspondentes a 55 especies diferentes, das cales 41 son esponxas, 13 ascites e 1 gorgonia. Utilizáronse a estratexia de illamento bioguido e as técnicas de eliminación, a través das cales conseguimos obter 31 moléculas, das cales 10 atopáronse novos compostos naturais, mostrando algunhas interesantes actividades biolóxicas. Cómpre salientar que para a determinación estrutural dalgúns dos novos compostos, a aplicación de dúas novas metodoloxías para a determinación da configuración relativa dos produtos naturais mariños utilizouse por primeira vez: a anisotropía de desprazamento químico de protóns (1H RCSA) e a uso da análise configuracional baseada en J de cambios dependentes de temperatura e solventes. Capítulo 1. Faise unha recompilación das publicacións que recollen a investigación na área de produtos naturais mariños da Península de Yucatán ata mediados do ano 2019. Esta revisión bibliográfica deu lugar a unha publicación na revista Marine Drugs (Mar. Drugs. 2020, 18, 59). Capítulo 2. Descríbese a colección de 65 organismos mariños nas costas da península de Yucatán, México e a súa posterior extracción para obter os correspondentes extractos orgánicos. A continuación móstranse os resultados das actividades antibacterianas, antivirais e antiproliferativas de todos os extractos obtidos. O fraccionamento biodireccionado dun dos extractos mariños permitiu illar e identificar os compostos que causan actividade antibacteriana para a esponxa Amphimedon compresssa. Capítulo 3. Descríbense o illamento, determinación estrutural e avaliación farmacolóxica dos compostos puros obtidos de esponxas Spongia tubulifera, Ircinia felix, Agelas dilatata e gorgonia Briareum asbestinum, organismos recollidos nas costas da península de Yucatán, México. A elucidación estrutural das moléculas fíxose a partir do uso de técnicas espectroscópicas RMN, UV e IR e espectrometría (MS), mentres que a configuración absoluta obtívose a partir de cálculos computacionais (DFT), dicroísmo electrónico electrónico (ECD) e raios X. Tres dos compostos illados de S. tubulifera mostraron unha actividade citotóxica contra as liñas celulares do cancro, outros dous illados de I. felix mostraron unha actividade antiviral moi potente contra dous tipos de virus e finalmente dous dos metabolitos secundarios. Os illados de A. dilatata revelaron actividade contra dúas cepas bacterianas multirresistentes. Capítulo 4. Preséntase a aplicación de dúas novas metodoloxías para a determinación da configuración relativa de dous novos produtos naturais mariños: a) o uso de protóns anisotrópicos RMN (1H RCSA) para obter a configuración relativa da escala de briarano B-3 de microgramos de mostra e a aplicación de análises configuracional de RMN baseada en J dependente da temperatura e cambios de disolventes para determinar a configuración relativa da nocardiomicina.[Abstract] This doctoral thesis describes the first exhaustive research on marine natural products from organisms collected along the coasts of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. A total of 65 organisms were collected that correspond to 55 different species of which 41 are sponges, 13 ascidians and 1 gorgonian. The bioguided isolation strategy and dereplication techniques were used, through which we were able to obtain 31 molecules, of which 10 were found to be new natural compounds, showing some of them interesting biological activities. It should be noted that for the structural determination of some of the new compounds, the application of two new methodologies for the determination of the relative configuration of marine natural products has been used for the first time: the proton chemical shift anisotropy (1H RCSA) and the use of variable temperature and solvent dependent NMR J-based configurational analysis. Chapter 1. A compilation is made of the publications that collect the research in the area of marine natural products of the Yucatan Peninsula until the middle of the year 2019. This bibliographic review gave rise to a publication in the journal Marine Drugs (Mar. Drugs. 2020, 18, 59). Chapter 2. The collection of 65 marine organisms on the coasts of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico and their subsequent extraction is described in order to obtain the corresponding organic extracts. The results of the antibacterial, antiviral and antiproliferative activities of all the extracts obtained are presented below. The biodirected fractionation of one of the marine extracts allowed to isolate and identify the compounds that cause antibacterial activity for the Amphimedon compresssa sponge. Chapter 3. The isolation, structural determination and pharmacological evaluation of the pure compounds obtained from sponges Spongia tubulifera, Ircinia felix, Agelas dilatata and gorgonian Briareum asbestinum, organisms collected on the coasts of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, are described. The structural elucidation of the molecules was made from the use of NMR, UV and IR and spectrometric (MS) spectroscopic techniques, while the absolute configuration was obtained from computational calculations (DFT), electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and X-rays. Three of the compounds isolated of S. tubulifera showed a cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines, two other compounds isolated of I. felix showed a very potent antiviral activity against two types of viruses and finally two of the secondary metabolites isolated of A. dilatata revealed activity against two multiresistant bacterial strains. Chapter 4. The application of two new methodologies for the determination of the relative configuration of two new marine natural products is presented: a) the use of anisotropic proton NMR (1H RCSA) to obtain the relative configuration of the briarane B-3 in scale of micrograms of sample and the application of the variable temperature and solvent dependent NMR J-based configurational analysis to determine the relative configuration of nocardiomycin

Cytotoxic furanoditerpenes from the sponge Spongia tubulifera collected in the Mexican Caribbean

[Abstract] Two new spongian furanoditerpenes, 3β-hydroxyspongia-13(16),14-dien-2-one (1) and 19-dehydroxy-spongian diterpene 17 (2), along with five known terpenes, the spongian furanoditerpenes 9-nor-3-hydroxyspongia-3,13(16),14-trien-2-one (3), 3β,19 dihydroxyspongia-13(16),14-dien-2-one (epispongiadiol) (4) and spongian diterpene 17 (5), the furanoditerpene ambliol C (6), and the sesterterpene scalarin (7), were isolated from the methanolic extract of the sponge Spongia tubulifera, collected in the Mexican Caribbean. The planar structures of the new compounds were elucidated by 1D/2D NMR and IR spectroscopic analysis, high resolution electrospray mass spectrometry (HRESIMS), and comparison of their spectral data with those reported in the literature. Absolute configurations were determined by comparison of the experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectrum with those calculated by time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). Compounds 1, 4, and 6 displayed weak cytotoxic activity against different human tumour cell lines.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; AGL2015-63740-C2-2-RMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad; RTC-2016-4611-

Marine Natural Products from the Yucatan Peninsula

[Abstract] Mexico is one of the three areas of the world with the greatest terrestrial and cultural biological diversity. The diversity of Mexican medicinal flora has been studied for a long time and several bioactive compounds have been isolated. The investigation of marine resources, and particularly the potential of Mexican marine resources, has not been intensively investigated, even though the Yucatan Peninsula occupies 17.4% of the total of the Mexican coast, with great biological diversity in its coasts and the ocean. There are very few studies on the chemistry of natural products from marine organisms that were collected along the coasts of the Yucatan Peninsula and most of them are limited to the evaluation of the biological activity of their organic extracts. The investigations carried out on marine species from the Yucatan Peninsula resulted in the identification of a wide structural variety of natural products that include polyketides, terpenoids, nitrogen compounds, and biopolymers with cytotoxic, antibacterial, antifouling, and neurotoxic activities. This review describes the literature of bioprospecting and the exploration of the natural product diversity of marine organisms from the coasts of the Yucatan Peninsula up to mid-2019.This work was supported by grants RTI2018-093634-B-C22 (AEI/FEDER, EU) from the State Agency for Research (AEI) of Spain, co-funded by the FEDER Programme from the European Union, and GRC2018/039 and ED431E 2018/03 of CICA-INIBIC strategic group from Xunta de Galicia. D.P.P. received a fellowship from the program National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT) of Mexico and the Secretariat of Research, Innovation and Higher Education (SIIES) of Yucatan (Mexico). O.A.L.R. received a financial support from MostMicro unit. Project LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-007660 of PortugalXunta de Galicia; GRC2018/039Xunta de Galicia; ED431E 2018/03Portugal. Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-00766

Absolute Configuration by Vibrational Circular Dichroism of Anti-inflammatory Macrolide Briarane Diterpenoids From the Gorgonian Briareum Asbestinum

[Abstract] The four new briarane diterpenoids 2-butyryloxybriarane B-3 (2), 9-acetylbriarenolide S (3), briarenolide W (4), and 12-isobriarenolide P (5), along with briarane B-3 (1) and the five known diterpenes 6–10 were isolated from the gorgonian coral Briareum asbestinum collected from the Mexican Caribbean Sea. The structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR and MS measurements. Since the structure of briarane B-3 (1) was only suggested and published without any spectroscopic support, it was herein confirmed, and the supporting data are now provided. In addition, 1 provided the opportunity to explore the sensitivity of vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) to determine the configuration of a single stereogenic center in the presence of eight other stereogenic centers in a molecule possessing a highly flexible ten-member ring. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction study, in which the Flack and Hooft parameters of 1 were determined, further confirmed that briarane B-3 is (1S,2S,6S,7R,8R,9S,10S,11R,17R)-1. This paper reports for first time the use of VCD in briarane diterpenes and with the presence of chlorine atoms. Biological evaluation of seven isolated compounds evidenced a moderate anti-inflammatory activity for compounds 6 and 9 but it did not show any cytotoxic, antiviral, antibacterial, and topoisomerase inhibitory activity.This work was supported by Grants RTI2018-093634-B-C22 (AEI/FEDER, EU) from the State Agency for Research (AEI) of Spain, co-funded by the FEDER Programme from the European Union. We thank to Xunta de Galicia for the support of Grants GRC2018/039 and ED431E 2018/03 for CICA-INIBIC strategic group and BLUEBIOLAB (o474_BLUEBIOLAB_1_E, Programme INTERREG V A of Spain-Portugal (POCTEP). JR, CJ, and D.P.-P. acknowledge CESGA for the use of the computational facilities. PJ-N acknowledges partial financial support from CONACYT-Mexico Grant No. 284194. D.P.-P. received a postdoctoral fellowship from the National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT) of Mexico. The work was also supported by UIDB/50006/2020 with funding from FCT/MCTES through national fundsXunta de Galicia; GRC2018/039Xunta de Galicia; ED431E 2018/03México. Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología; 284194Portugal. Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; UIDB/50006/202

Relative Configuration of Micrograms of Natural Compounds Using Proton Residual Chemical Shift Anisotropy

[Abstract] 3D molecular structure determination is a challenge for organic compounds or natural products available in minute amounts. Proton/proton and proton/carbon correlations yield the constitution. J couplings and NOEs oftentimes supported by one-bond 1H,13C residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) or by 13C residual chemical shift anisotropies (RCSAs) provide the relative configuration. However, these RDCs or carbon RCSAs rely on 1% natural abundance of 13C preventing their use for compounds available only in quantities of a few 10’s of µgs. By contrast, 1H RCSAs provide similar information on spatial orientation of structural moieties within a molecule, while using the abundant 1H spin. Herein, 1H RCSAs are accurately measured using constrained aligning gels or liquid crystals and applied to the 3D structural determination of molecules with varying complexities. Even more, deuterated alignment media allow the elucidation of the relative configuration of around 35 µg of a briarane compound isolated from Briareum asbestinum.This work was supported by the Max Planck Society and grew out of a collaboration in the context of the Forschergruppe (FOR 934) continued now by the DFG (Gr1211/19–1 and Re1007/9–1)/CAPES 418729698 project. N.N. gratefully acknowledges the financial support by SERB, New Delhi for ECR Grant with File No.: ECR/2017/001811. This work was also funded by grants RTI2018-093634-B-C22 from the State Agency for Research (AEI) of Spain, both co-funded by the FEDER Programme from the European Union, BLUEBIOLAB (0474_BLUEBIOLAB_1_E), Programme INTERREG V A of Spain-Portugal (POCTEP) and GRC2018/039 and Agrupación Estratégica CICA-INIBIC ED431E 2018/03 from Xunta de Galicia. C.J., J.R., and D.P.P. acknowledge CESGA for the computational support. J.C.F. acknowledges predoctoral research stay grant Inditex-UDC. D.P.P. received a fellowship from the program National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT) of Mexico and the Secretariat of Research, Innovation and Higher Education (SIIES) of Yucatan (Mexico). We also thank Dr. G. Jithender Reddy for one isotropic measurement. We also thank Dr. Christian Schmidt for his cooperation in the manufacturing of micro stretching device. ANV thanks CNPq for a research fellowship and financial support M(426216/2018–0)German Research Foundation; Gr1211/19–1German Research Foundation; Re1007/9–1Brasil. Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES); 418729698República de la India. Science and Engineering Research Board; ECR/2017/001811Xunta de Galicia; 0474_BLUEBIOLAB_1_EXunta de Galicia; GRC2018/039Xunta de Galicia; ED431E 2018/03Brasil. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; M(426216/2018–0

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of the Efficacy of Bromoageliferin, an Alkaloid Isolated from the Sponge Agelas dilatata, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

[Abstract] The pyrrole-imidazoles, a group of alkaloids commonly found in marine sponges belonging to the genus Agelas, display a wide range of biological activities. Herein, we report the first chemical study of the secondary metabolites of the sponge A. dilatata from the coastal area of the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico). In this study, we isolated eight known alkaloids from an organic extract of the sponge. We used NMR and MS analysis and comparison with existing databases to characterize the alkaloids: ageliferin (1), bromoageliferin (2), dibromoageliferin (3), sceptrin (4), nakamuric acid (5), 4-bromo-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid (6), 4,5-dibromopyrrole-2-carboxylic acid (7) and 3,7-dimethylisoguanine (8). We also evaluated, for the first time, the activity of these alkaloids against the most problematic multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, i.e., the Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii. Bromoageliferin (2) displayed significant activity against P. aeruginosa. Comparison of the antibacterial activity of ageliferins 1–3 (of similar structure) against P. aeruginosa revealed some relationship between structure and activity. Furthermore, in in vitro assays, 2 inhibited growth and biofilm production in clinical strains of P. aeruginosa. Moreover, 2 increased the survival time in an in vivo Galleria mellonella model of infection. The findings confirm bromoageliferin (2) as a potential lead for designing new antibacterial drugs.This work was supported by Grants RTI2018-093634-B-C22 (AEI/FEDER, EU) from the State Agency for Research (AEI) of Spain, both co-funded by the FEDER Programme from the European Union and BLUEBIOLAB (0474_BLUEBIOLAB_1_E), Programme INTERREG V A of Spain-Portugal (POCTEP). The study was also funded by projects GRC2018/039 and Agrupación Estratégica CICA-INIBIC ED431E 2018/03 (Consellería de Educación, Universidades e Formación Profesional) from the Xunta de Galicia (autonomous government of the region). This work was also funded by Projects PI17/01482 awarded to AB and PI15/00860 to GB, all within in the National Plan for Scientific Research, Development and Technological Innovation 2013-2016 and funded by the ISCIII-General Subdirection of Assessment and Promotion of the Research-European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) “A way of making Europe” and operative program Intelligent Growth 2014-2020. The study was also funded by project IN607A 2016/22 (GAIN- Agencia Gallega de Innovación - Consellería de Economía, Emprego e Industria) awarded to GB. D.P.-P. received a fellowship from the program National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT) of Mexico and the Secretariat of Research, Innovation and Higher Education (SIIES) of Yucatan. Mexico and the Secretariat of Research, Innovation and Higher Education (SIIES) of Yucatan. JCVU was financially supported by the pFIS Program (FI18/00315), MMG by a Clara Roy grant (SEIMC) and CLM by IN606A-2019/029Xunta de Galicia; 0474_BLUEBIOLAB_1_EXunta de Galicia; GRC2018/039Xunta de Galicia; ED431E 2018/03Xunta de Galicia; IN607A 2016/22Xunta de Galicia; IN606A-2019/02

Furanoditerpenes from Spongia (Spongia) tubulifera Display Mitochondrial-Mediated Neuroprotective Effects by Targeting Cyclophilin D

Neuroprotective properties of five previously described furanoditerpenes 1–5, isolated from Spongia (Spongia) tubulifera, were evaluated in an in vitro oxidative stress model in SH-SY5Y cells. Dose–response treatments revealed that 1–5 improved cell survival at nanomolar concentrations through the restoration of mitochondrial membrane potential and the reduction of reactive oxygen species. Their ability to prevent the mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening was also assessed, finding that 4 and 5 inhibited the channel at 0.001 μM. This inhibition was accompanied by a decrease in the expression of cyclophilin D, the main regulator of the pore, which was also reduced by 1 and 2. However, the activation of ERK and GSK3β, upstream modulators of the channel, was not affected by compounds. Therefore, their ability to bind cyclophilin D was evaluated by surface plasmon resonance, observing that 2–5 presented equilibrium dissociation constants in the micromolar range. All compounds also showed affinity for cyclophilin A, being 1 selective toward this isoform, while 2 and 5 exhibited selectivity for cyclophilin D. When the effects on the intracellular expression of cyclophilins A–C were determined, it was found that only 1 decreased cyclophilin A, while cyclophilins B and C were diminished by most compounds, displaying enhanced effects under oxidative stress conditions. Results indicate that furanoditerpenes 1–5 have mitochondrial-mediated neuroprotective properties through direct interaction with cyclophilin D. Due to the important role of this protein in oxidative stress and inflammation, compounds are promising drugs for new therapeutic strategies against neurodegenerationThe research leading to these results has received funding from the following FEDER cofunded grants: from Conselleria de Cultura, Educacion e Ordenación Universitaria, Xunta de Galicia, GRC (ED431C 2021/01), and GRC2018/039; from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación IISCIII/PI19/001248 and PID 2020-11262RB-C21; from European Union Interreg AlertoxNet EAPA-317-2016 and Interreg Agritox EAPA-998-2018 and H2020 778069-EMERTOX; and from BLUEBIOLAB (0474_BLUEBIOLAB_1_E), Programme INTERREG V A of Spain-Portugal (POCTEP). R.A. was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from Xunta de Galicia (ED481B-2021-038), Spain. D.P-P. received a postdoctoral fellowship from the National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT) of MexicoS

Dermacozine N, the First Natural Linear Pentacyclic Oxazinophenazine with UV–Vis Absorption Maxima in the Near Infrared Region, Along with Dermacozines O and P Isolated from the Mariana Trench Sediment Strain Dermacoccus abyssi MT 1.1T

Three dermacozines, dermacozines N–P (1–3), were isolated from the piezotolerant Actinomycete strain Dermacoccus abyssi MT 1.1T, which was isolated from a Mariana Trench sediment in 2006. Herein, we report the elucidation of their structures using a combination of 1D/2D NMR, LC-HRESI-MSn, UV–Visible, and IR spectroscopy. Further confirmation of the structures was achieved through the analysis of data from density functional theory (DFT)–UV–Visible spectral calculations and statistical analysis such as two tailed t-test, linear regression-, and multiple linear regression analysis applied to either solely experimental or to experimental and calculated 13C-NMR chemical shift data. Dermacozine N (1) bears a novel linear pentacyclic phenoxazine framework that has never been reported as a natural product. Dermacozine O (2) is a constitutional isomer of the known dermacozine F while dermacozine P (3) is 8-benzoyl-6-carbamoylphenazine-1-carboxylic acid. Dermacozine N (1) is unique among phenoxazines due to its near infrared (NIR) absorption maxima, which would make this compound an excellent candidate for research in biosensing chemistry, photodynamic therapy (PDT), opto-electronic applications, and metabolic mapping at the cellular level. Furthermore, dermacozine N (1) possesses weak cytotoxic activity against melanoma (A2058) and hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) with IC50 values of 51 and 38 μM, respectively

Whole Genome Sequence of Dermacoccus abyssi MT1.1 Isolated from the Challenger Deep of the Mariana Trench Reveals Phenazine Biosynthesis Locus and Environmental Adaptation Factors

Dermacoccus abyssi strain MT1.1T is a piezotolerant actinobacterium that was isolated from Mariana Trench sediment collected at a depth of 10898 m. The organism was found to produce ten dermacozines (A‒J) that belonged to a new phenazine family and which displayed various biological activities such as radical scavenging and cytotoxicity. Here, we report on the isolation and identification of a new dermacozine compound, dermacozine M, the chemical structure of which was determined using 1D and 2D-NMR, and high resolution MS. A whole genome sequence of the strain contained six secondary metabolite-biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), including one responsible for the biosynthesis of a family of phenazine compounds. A pathway leading to the biosynthesis of dermacozines is proposed. Bioinformatic analyses of key stress-related genes provide an insight into how the organism adapted to the environmental conditions that prevail in the deep-sea