62 research outputs found
VLA Polarimetry of Two Extended Radio Galaxies
Multi-wavelength VLA observations of two extended radio galaxies, 0235-197
and 1203+043 are presented. There is some evidence from earlier studies that
these two sources exhibit low frequency (<1 GHz) variability. This work shows
that both sources have linear polarizations, if any, below the detection limits
at 320 MHz, so we cannot explain the variability as being due to instrumental
polarization effects as has been suggested for 3C159. Refractive scintillation
may be the cause of the variability in 0235-197. This would require the
existence of a bright, compact component in one of the hot spots seen in these
observations. This is not implausible but the resolution of this observational
program is insufficent to address that question. The radio source 1203+043
lacks any bright compact component thereby ruling out a refractive
scintillation mechanism for its variability. Consequently, it is possible that
claims of variability in this source are spurious. However, the 320 MHz VLA
observations show that 1203+043 has an `X'-shaped radio structure. This is a
rare morphology for the brightness distribution of a radio galaxy; the
implications of this are examined.Comment: 8 pages, plain tex, accepted by Astronomy and Astrophysics,
Supplement Serie
Flux density measurements of a complete sample of faint blazars
We performed observations with the Effelsberg 100-m radio telescope to
measure flux densities and polarised emission of sources selected from the
"Deep X-ray Radio Blazar Survey" (DXRBS) to better define their spectral index
behaviour in the radio band, with the aim to construct a homogeneous sample of
blazars. Sources were observed at four different frequencies with the
Effelsberg 100-m telescope. We complemented these measurements with flux
density data at 1.4GHz derived from the NRAO VLA Sky Survey.The spectral
indices of a sample of faint blazars were computed making use of almost
simultaneous measurements. Sixty-six percent of the sources can be classified
as "bona fide" blazars. Seven objects show a clearly inverted spectral index.
Seventeen sources previously classified as flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs)
are actually steep spectrum radio quasars (SSRQs). The flux densities obtained
with the Effelsberg 100-m telescope at 5GHz are compared with the flux
densities listed in the Green Bank GB6 survey and in the Parkes-MIT-NRAO PMN
catalogue. About 43% of the sources in our sample exhibit flux density
variations on temporal scales of 19 or 22 years. We confirm that 75 out of 103
sources of the DXRBS are indeed FSRQs. Twenty-seven sources show a spectral
index steeper than -0.5 and should be classified as SSRQs. Polarised emission
was detected for 36 sources at 4.85GHz. The median value of the percentage of
polarised emission is (5.8+-0.9$)%. Five sources show rotation measure (RM)
values >200 rad m^-2.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic
A project for polarimetric observations in single dish with Medicina and Noto 32 m antennas
A project with multidisciplinary characteristics, aimed to implement the possibility of polarimetric measurements in single dish at the VLBI stations of Medicina and Noto, is presented. The project will open a new window on many
astrophysical items that may be approached using the already existing instrumentation and facilities of the two Italian radioastronomical stations. We report here some scientific backgrounds, together with some technical evaluations, on which the feasibility of the project is based
A possible jet precession in the periodic quasar B0605-085
The quasar B0605-085 (OH 010) shows a hint for probable periodical
variability in the radio total flux-density light curves. We study the possible
periodicity of B0605-085 in the total flux-density, spectra and opacity changes
in order to compare it with jet kinematics on parsec scales. We have analyzed
archival total flux-density variability at ten frequencies (408 MHz, 4.8 GHz,
6.7 GHz, 8 GHz, 10.7 GHz, 14.5 GHz, 22 GHz, 37 GHz, 90 GHz, and 230 GHz)
together with the archival high-resolution very long baseline interferometry
data at 15 GHz from the MOJAVE monitoring campaign. Using the Fourier transform
and discrete autocorrelation methods we have searched for periods in the total
flux-density light curves. In addition, spectral evolution and changes of the
opacity have been analyzed. We found a period in multi-frequency total
flux-density light curves of 7.9+-0.5 yrs. Moreover, a quasi-stationary jet
component C1 follows a prominent helical path on a similar time scale of 8
years. We have also found that the average instantaneous speeds of the jet
components show a clear helical pattern along the jet with a characteristic
scale of 3 mas. Taking into account average speeds of jet components, this
scale corresponds to a time scale of about 7.7 years. Jet precession can
explain the helical path of the quasi-stationary jet component C1 and the
periodical modulation of the total flux-density light curves. We have fitted a
precession model to the trajectory of the jet component C1, with a viewing
angle phi=2.6+-2.2 degrees, aperture angle of the precession cone
Omega=23.9+-1.9 degrees and fixed precession period (in the observers frame) P
= 7.9 yrs.Comment: 14 pages, 16 figures, 5 tables, accepted for publication in A&
Cm-Wavelength Total Flux and Linear Polarization Properties of Radio-Loud BL Lacertae Objects
Results from a long-term program to quantify the range of behavior of the
cm-wavelength total flux and linear polarization variability properties of a
sample of 41 radio-loud BL Lac objects using weekly to tri-monthly observations
with the University of Michigan 26-m telescope operating at 14.5, 8.0, and 4.8
GHz are presented; these observations are used to identify class-dependent
differences between these BL Lacs and QSOs in the Pearson-Readhead sample. The
BL Lacs are found to be more highly variable in total flux density than the
QSOs, exhibiting changes that are often nearly-simultaneous and of comparable
amplitude at 14.5 and 4.8 GHz in contrast to the behavior in the QSOs and
supporting the existence of class-dependent differences in opacity within the
parsec-scale jet flows. Structure function analyses of the flux observations
quantify that a characteristic timescale is identifiable in only 1/3 of the BL
Lacs. The time-averaged fractional linear polarizations are only on the order
of a few percent and are consistent with the presence of tangled magnetic
fields within the emitting regions. In many sources a preferred long-term
orientation of the EVPA is present; when compared with the VLBI structural
axis, no preferred position angle difference is identified. The polarized flux
typically exhibits variability with timescales of months to a few years and
shows the signature of a propagating shock during several resolved outbursts.
The observations indicate that the source emission is predominately due to
evolving source components and support the occurrence of more frequent shock
formation in BL Lac parsec-scale flows than in QSO jets. The differences in
variability behavior and polarization between BL Lacs and QSOs can be explained
by differences in jet stability.Comment: 1 LaTex (aastex) file, 21 postscript figure files, 2 external LaTex
table files. To appear in the Astrophysical Journa
Extended radio emission in MOJAVE Blazars: Challenges to Unification
We present the results of a study on the 1.4 GHz kpc-scale radio emission in
the complete flux density limited MOJAVE sample, comprising 135 radio-loud
AGNs. While extended emission is detected in the majority of the sources, about
7% of the sources exhibit only radio core emission. Many BL Lacs exhibit
extended radio power and kpc-scale morphology typical of powerful FRII jets,
while a substantial number of quasars possess radio powers intermediate between
FRIs and FRIIs. This poses challenges to the simple radio-loud unified scheme,
which links BL Lacs to FRIs and quasars to FRIIs. We find a significant
correlation between extended radio emission and pc-scale jet speeds: the more
radio powerful sources possess faster jets. This indicates that the 1.4 GHz (or
low frequency) radio emission is indeed related to jet kinetic power. Various
properties such as extended radio power and apparent pc-scale jet speeds vary
smoothly between different blazar subclasses, suggesting that, at least in
terms of radio jet properties, the distinction between quasars and BL Lac
objects, at an emission-line equivalent width of 5 Angstrom is essentially an
arbitrary one. Based on the assumption that the extended radio luminosity is
affected by the kpc-scale environment, we define the ratio of extended radio
power to absolute optical magnitude as a proxy for environmental effects.
Trends with this parameter suggest that the pc-scale jet speeds and the
pc-to-kpc jet misalignments are not affected by the large-scale environment,
but are more likely to depend upon factors intrinsic to the AGN, or its local
pc-scale environment. We suggest that some of the extremely misaligned MOJAVE
blazar jets could be "hybrid" morphology sources, with an FRI jet on one side
and an FRII jet on the other. (Abridged)Comment: 40 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
Geodetic VLBI Observations of EGRET Blazars
We present VLBI observations of the EGRET quasars 0202+149, CTA 26, and
1606+106, as well as additional analysis of VLBI observations of 1156+295
presented in Piner & Kingham (1997b). We have produced 8 and 2 GHz VLBI images
at 11 epochs, 8 epochs, and 12 epochs, spanning the years 1989 to 1996, of
0202+149, CTA 26, and 1606+106 respectively. The VLBI data have been taken from
the Washington VLBI correlator's geodetic database. We have measured the
apparent velocities of the jet components and find that CTA 26 and 1606+106 are
superluminal sources, with average apparent speeds of 8.9 and 2.9 h^{-1}c
respectively (H_{0}=100h km s^{-1} Mpc^{-1}, q_{0}=0.5). The components in
0202+149 are stationary, and we identify this source as a compact F double.
These sources all have apparently bent jets, and we detected non-radial motion
of components in CTA 26 and 1156+295. We have not yet detected any components
emerging subsequent to the gamma-ray flares in CTA 26, 1156+295, and 1606+106,
and we derive lower limits on the ejection times of any such components. The
misalignment angle distribution of the EGRET sources is compared to the
distribution for blazars as a whole, and we find that EGRET sources belong
preferentially to neither the aligned nor the misaligned population. We also
compare the average values for the apparent velocities and Doppler beaming
factors for the EGRET and non-EGRET blazars, and find no significant
differences. We thus find no indication, within the measurement errors, that
EGRET blazars are any more strongly beamed than their counterparts which have
not been detected in gamma-rays.Comment: 47 pages, including 13 figures; accepted for publication in the
Astrophysical Journa
CSSs in a sample of B2 radio sources of intermediate strength
We present radio observations of 19 candidate compact steep-spectrum (CSS)
objects selected from a well-defined, complete sample of 52 B2 radio sources of
intermediate strength. These observations were made with the VLA A-array at
4.835 GHz. The radio structures of the entire sample are summarised and the
brightness asymmetries within the compact sources are compared with those of
the more extended ones, as well as with those in the 3CRR sample and the CSSs
from the B3-VLA sample. About 25 per cent of the CSS sources exhibit large
brightness asymmetries, with a flux density ratio for the opposing lobes of
5, possibly due to interaction of the jets with infalling material. The
corresponding percentage for the larger-sized objects is only about 5 per cent.
We also investigate possible dependence of the flux density asymmetry of the
lobes on redshift, since this might be affected by more interactions and
mergers in the past. No such dependence is found. A few individual objects of
interest are discussed in the paper.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables; accepted for publication in Astronomy
and Astrophysic
The structure function of variable 1.4 GHz radio sources based on NVSS and FIRST observations
We augment the two widest/deepest 1.4 GHz radio surveys: the NRAO VLA Sky
Survey (NVSS) and the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-Centimeters
(FIRST), with the mean epoch in which each source was observed. We use these
catalogs to search for unresolved sources which vary between the FIRST and NVSS
epochs. We find 43 variable sources (0.1% of the sources) which vary by more
than 4 sigma, and we construct the mean structure function of these objects.
This enables us to explore radio variability on time scales between several
months and about five years. We find that on these time scales, the mean
structure function of the variable sources is consistent with a flat structure
function. A plausible explanation to these observations is that a large
fraction of the variability at 1.4 GHz is induced by scintillations in the
interstellar medium, rather than by intrinsic variability. Finally, for a sub
sample of the variables for which the redshift is available, we do not find
strong evidence for a correlation between the variability amplitude and the
source redshift.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures, ApJ in pres
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