A Study to Determine the Influences Guidance Counselors Have on Students Enrolling in Marketing Education at Frank W. Cox High School

Through the analysis of the results of a survey administered to the guidance counselors and the secondary students enrolled in Marketing Education courses, the following questions were used as guidelines to provide insight on the influences counselors has on the selection of courses: 1. How do high school guidance counselors perceive the Marketing Education courses? 2. What were the students reasons for enrolling in Marketing Education? 3. Who had the most influence on student\u27s decision to enroll in Marketing Education

Cultura de tecidos de Cecropia glaziovii Sneth (Urticaceae): micropropagação vegetativa e regeneração de plantas via calos

Cecropia glaziovii is a tree with used in Brazilian popular medicine. Methods allowing the clonal propagation of this species are of great interest for superior genotype multiplication and perpetuation. For this reason, we examined the effect of different culture media and different types of explants on adventitious shoot regeneration from callus and buds of C. glaziovii. Leaves, petioles and stipules obtained from aseptically grown seedlings or from pre-sterilized plants were used to initiate cultures. Adventitious shoot regeneration was achieved when apical and axillary buds were inoculated on gelled Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine alone (BAP) (1.0, 5.0 or 10.0 mg L-1) or combined with -naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (1.0 or 2.0 mg L-1), after 40 days of culture. Best callus production was obtained after 30 days of petioles' culture on gelled MS medium with 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (5.0 mg L-1) combined with BAP (1.0 mg L-1). Successful shoot regeneration from callus was achieved when MS medium supplemented with zeatin (ZEA) (0.1 mg L-1) alone or combined with 2,4-D (1.0 or 5.0 mg L-1) was inoculated with friable callus obtained from petioles. All shoots were rooted by inoculation on MS medium supplemented with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (1.0 mg L-1). Rooted plants transferred to potting soil were successfully established. All in vitro regenerated plantlets showed to be normal, without morphological variations, being also identical to the source plant. Our study has shown that C. glaziovii can be propagated by tissue culture methods, allowing large scale multiplication of superior plants for pharmacological purposes.Cecropia glaziovii é uma planta lenhosa, popularmente usada no Brasil como medicinal. Métodos que visem a sua propagação clonal podem ser de grande utilidade na preservação de seus genótipos de elite. Foram examinados efeitos de diferentes reguladores de crescimento e explantes na formação de brotações múltiplas a partir de calos e a partir de brotos apicais. Folhas, pecíolos e estípulas obtidas de plântulas assépticas e da esterilização de sementes ou através da esterilização direta dos explantes foram utilizados para iniciar os cultivos. Brotações múltiplas foram obtidas quando brotos apicais ou axilares foram inoculados em meios compostos de sais de Murashige & Skoog (MS), suplementado com apenas 6-benzilaminopurine (BAP) (1,0, 5,0 ou 10,0 mg L-1) ou combinado com ácido -naftaleno acético (ANA) (1,0 ou 2,0 mg L-1), depois de 40 dias. A produção de calos foi obtida após 30 dias, quando pecíolos foram inoculados em meio MS acrescido de acido 2,4 diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D) (5,0 mg L-1) combinado com BAP (1,0 mg L-1). A regeneração de brotos a partir de calos foi obtida quando meio MS acrescido de apenas zeatina (ZEA) (0,1 mg L-1) ou combinado com 2,4-D (1,0 ou 5,0 mg L-1) foi inoculado com calos friáveis obtidos de pecíolos. As plântulas foram enraizadas em MS suplementado com ácido 3-indol acético (AIA) (1.0 mg L-1). A aclimatação das plântulas enraizadas foi estabelecida pela transferência para vasos contendo substrato orgânico e vermiculita sob umidade relativa 100%. As plântulas regeneradas in vitro apresentaram aparência normal e idênticas à planta-mãe. Nosso estudo concluiu que genótipos de elite de C. glaziovii podem ser propagados em larga escala através de métodos in vitro, proporcionando uma fonte confiável de matéria prima para estudos farmacológicos.1245125

Advocacy Coalitions, Policy Learning and Change in the ambulant sector of the German public health care system

In dieser Dissertation wird die Frage untersucht, unter welchen Umständen Akteure im Advocacy Coalition Framework Policy Core Beliefs erwerben, verändern oder löschen beziehungsweise ihre Policy Core Beliefs unverändert beibehalten. Die Antwort darauf wird im Zusammenspiel zweier Faktoren gesehen: Zum einen der Lern-fördernden oder -hemmenden Wirkung der sogenannten ego-, alter- und Objekt-zentrierten Variablen. Darunter werden verschiedene Effekte verstanden, beispielsweise geteilte wissenschaftliche Vorstellungen oder das Ausmaß an sozialem Druck hin zu einem bestimmten Belief. Zum anderen der Intentionen, das heißt der Summe der Beliefs eines Akteurs, welche er zu einem bestimmten Subsystem entwickelt. Diese umfassen nicht nur die an das Subsystem gebundenen Policy Core Beliefs und Secondary Aspects, sondern auch Beliefs, die von außerhalb in das Subsystem hineinwirken. Ein Akteur wird einen Policy Core Belief nur dann verändern, seinem Belief-System hinzufügen oder löschen, wenn sowohl die ego-, alter- und Objekt-zentrierten Variablen als auch die Intentionen für einen solchen Lernprozess sprechen. Umgekehrt wird er seine Policy Core Beliefs nur dann aufrechterhalten, wenn die Beharrungskräfte stärker ausgeprägt sind als die herausfordernden Phänomene und er seine Intentionen mit ihnen weiterhin optimal umsetzen kann. Die individuelle Bedeutung der Policy Core Beliefs für den Akteur macht sich auch an der Annahme fest, dass sie aus unterschiedlichen Deep Core Beliefs oder den Beliefs übergeordneter Subsysteme abgeleitet werden können. Diese Gedanken bilden zusammen das Variablen-Intentionen-Modell für grundlegendes Policy-Lernen und Policy-Beharren im Advocacy Coalition Framework (VIM). Um die Variablen messen und die Intentionen von zehn Beispiel-Akteuren bestimmen zu können, wurden Beliefs aus Schriftquellen kodiert und in einer Datenbank abgelegt. Auf diese Weise zeigte sich, welche Beliefs die Beispiel-Akteure und die übrigen Subsystem-Mitglieder ignorierten, vertraten oder ablehnten und in welchem Ausmaß Lernen auf der Ebene der Policy Core Beliefs stattfand. Bei sechs der zehn Beispiel-Akteure konnten Veränderungen auf der Ebene der Policy Core Beliefs erfasst werden. Dabei war die Verfeinerung der Belief-Systeme durch die Aufnahme neuer Policy Core Beliefs das vorherrschende Phänomen gegenüber Löschung und Veränderung. Als Konsequenz sollten Policy Core Beliefs vom Attribut unbedingter Stabilität befreit werden.This dissertation examines the question of what circumstances drive the acquisition, change or deletion of actor’s policy core beliefs in the scope of the Advocacy Coalition Framework and vice versa the reasons to keep up policy core beliefs unchanged. The interaction of two factors is the key to answer this question: On the one hand we have the so-called ego-, alter- and object-centred variables that stimulate or impede policy learning. These variables comprise different effects, for example shared scientific conceptions or the extent of social pressure towards a certain belief. On the other hand, we have the intentions, that is the sum of all beliefs an actor develops concerning a certain subsystem. They comprise not only the policy core beliefs and secondary aspects bound to the subsystem, but also beliefs that have an impact on the subsystem from outside. An actor will only delete, change or add a policy core belief to his belief system, if both the ego-, alter and object-centred variables and the intentions favour such a learning process. Vice versa, he will only upkeep his policy core beliefs if the forces of persistence are developed stronger than the challenging phenomena and if he can realize his intentions with them in an optimal way. The individual importance of policy core beliefs for an actor is also a consequence of the assumption that they can be deduced from different deep core beliefs or the beliefs of higher-ranking subsystems. Together, these thoughts constitute the variables intentions model for fundamental policy learning and policy persistence within the Advocacy Coalition Framework (VIM). To measure the variables and to ascertain the intentions of ten sample actors, beliefs from written sources were coded in the empiric part and stored in a database. In this way, it became clear which beliefs were ignored, supported or rejected by the sample actors as well as the other subsystem members and to which degree learning on the level of the policy core beliefs took place. For six out of the ten sample actors, changes on the level of the policy core beliefs could be measured. In these learning processes, the amelioration of the belief systems by acceptance of new policy core beliefs was the prevalent phenomenon compared to belief deletion and change. As a consequence, policy core beliefs should be relieved from the attribute of absolute stability

Gains in the Life-Cycle of Adaptable, Self-Organizing Material Handling Systems

Compared to conventional material flow controls, self-organized material handling systems and the Internet of Things in facility logistics promise several advantages during the life-cycle. Most important is the increased adaptability in case of expansions or modifications due to a consistent modular design; this also promotes an increased robustness due to clearly defined interfaces and a decreased complexity of each module. The use of RFID technology increases the availability of real-time data about the system and the transported units. However, the introduction of self-organized material handling systems also causes costs, e.g. for necessary RFID tags and readers. Against this background, it is unsatisfactory that the increased adaptability as the main advantage of these systems is hard to grasp. This paper proposes a methodology to analyze the advantages of adaptability in facility logistics during the life-cycle of a material handling system and illustrates its usage. The proposed methodology is based on a dynamic optimization of payoffs during the life-cycle; thereby, all payoffs which are influenced by the adaptability of the material-handling system are included; therefore, the methodology allows to consider the adaptability of all material handling systems

“Bringing Our Small, Imperfect Stones to the Pile”: The Everyday Work of Building a More Just World

In this conversation between Brittany Pearl Battle and Tamara K. Nopper (facilitated by Antonia Randolph), two sociologists who have been involved in a variety of social justice struggles (e.g. prison abolition, worker’s rights, Asian American rights), describe the everyday practices that make up struggles for social justice. They identify a spectrum of practices that individuals can do to bring about a more just world, while arguing that all practices towards justice do not constitute organizing or activism. Moreover, they describe the salience of their status as workers and women of color as structuring the ways they have pursued social change at different points in their lives. In so doing, they identify academia as a workplace rather than being an academic as a status as the salient force that shapes how they work to build a more just world. Ultimately, the article questions the usefulness of the designation scholar-activist, opting to recognize the unique role of activists in social change while affirming that we all bring what we can to struggles for justice

Comparison of reconfigurable structures for flexible word-length multiplication

Binary multiplication continues to be one of the essential arithmetic operations in digital circuits. Even though field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are becoming more and more powerful these days, the vendors cannot avoid implementing multiplications with high word-lengths using embedded blocks instead of configurable logic. But on the other hand, the circuit's efficiency decreases if the provided word-length of the hard-wired multipliers exceeds the precision requirements of the algorithm mapped into the FPGA. Thus it is beneficial to use multiplier blocks with configurable word-length, optimized for area, speed and power dissipation, e.g. regarding digital signal processing (DSP) applications. <br><br> In this contribution, we present different approaches and structures for the realization of a multiplication with variable precision and perform an objective comparison. This includes one approach based on a modified Baugh and Wooley algorithm and three structures using Booth's arithmetic operand recoding with different array structures. All modules have the option to compute signed two's complement fix-point numbers either as an individual computing unit or interconnected to a superior array. Therefore, a high throughput at low precision through parallelism, or a high precision through concatenation can be achieved

Simplifying Contract-Violating Traces

Contract conformance is hard to determine statically, prior to the deployment of large pieces of software. A scalable alternative is to monitor for contract violations post-deployment: once a violation is detected, the trace characterising the offending execution is analysed to pinpoint the source of the offence. A major drawback with this technique is that, often, contract violations take time to surface, resulting in long traces that are hard to analyse. This paper proposes a methodology together with an accompanying tool for simplifying traces and assisting contract-violation debugging.Comment: In Proceedings FLACOS 2012, arXiv:1209.169

Stevia rebaudiana germplasm characterization using microsatellite markers and steviol glycosides quantification by HPLC

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, Asteraceae, is an herbaceous perennial plant native to Paraguay. This species is considered since ancient times a medicinal plant with important bioactive compounds and pharmacologic and food properties, namely diterpenes glycosides. The high natural sweetener potential stevioside and rebaudioside A produced by S. rebaudiana plants are suitable sucrose substitutes, and their obtention is influenced by environmental, phytosociological, and genetic factors. The plants' genetic profile and sweet potential depiction are needed for suitable plant selection for improvement and deployment. Thirty-one S. rebaudiana accessions grown in the same plot where leaves samples were collected in early 2019, were genotyped using six microsatellite markers, including two steviol glycosides biosynthesis functionally involved markers. Additionally, an aqueous extract of each sample was obtained in a water bath and purified by SPE for stevioside and rebaudioside A quantification by normal phase HPLC. Stevioside and rebaudioside A contents varied between 0.53-7.36% (w w-1) and 0.37-3.60% (w w-1), respectively. Two genotypes displayed interesting ratios of rebaudioside A/stevioside (number 3 and 33). The level of genetic similarity between genotypes was tested through a pairwise similarity coefficient, and two groups of individuals had the same fingerprinting. Strong relatedness was found within genotypes, possibly due to cloning, thus, influx of new germplasm ought to be made to prevent mating between relatives, and for further selection and genetic improvement.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Diagnosis and Management of Infantile Hemangioma

Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are the most common tumors of childhood. Unlike other tumors, they have the unique ability to involute after proliferation, often leading primary care providers to assume they will resolve without intervention or consequence. Unfortunately, a subset of IHs rapidly develop complications, resulting in pain, functional impairment, or permanent disfigurement. As a result, the primary clinician has the task of determining which lesions require early consultation with a specialist. Although several recent reviews have been published, this clinical report is the first based on input from individuals representing the many specialties involved in the treatment of IH. Its purpose is to update the pediatric community regarding recent discoveries in IH pathogenesis, treatment, and clinical associations and to provide a basis for clinical decision-making in the management of IH