Urisol That Conveys Musical Meaning in the Purananuru

In the middle of this century, Tamil isai Renaissance was achieved and tamil isai sangathar brought in a number of musical instruments. Tamil people are innisai of their pandai Yazh. Music in Tamil isai Sangam is the music of Pandai Yazh. Music research was conducted at the Tamil isai Sangam and music tamil scholars and composers gathered. From the grammars they had learned, they spoke of the handkerchief, the sleep, and the sound. Tamil is composed by all tamil people and tamil is played by tamil artist nall isai. The aim is not to tell the passionate history of the Tamil isai Renaissance. There is a feeling that the word music is given in the sense of music. But the history of the word music is remarkable. It provides not one thing but many things. Its appearance is also delicious and the aim here is to explain them

The Seven Great Philanthropists in the view of Ki.Va. Jagannathan

Mannan is distinguished in war and valour. The king may be a Vendan, a petty king or a Philanthropist. Such persons are distinguished by their gifts rather than by war and valor. In this way people like Velbari, Began, Kari, Ai, Nalli, Atiyan, Ori etc. are mentioned. Ki.Va. Jagannathan has written a book called 'Eluperu Vallals' about these philanthropists. Awards and prizes are given from time to time by organizations such as the government to encourage creators. Especially nowadays, awards such as Sahitya Academy Award, Jnan Peetha Award, Tamil Nadu Government Award etc. are given. In this way in order to analyze the book 'Eluperu Vallals' among their various nationalized books, this review is based on the news about Kadayelu Vallals found in the Sangam literature. This article examines the status of creations and awards, nationalized books, works of Ki.Va. Jagannathan, Vallams and Kodaim, Velbari, Bagan, Bhakti, Kari, Ori, Ai, Nalli and Vallams

Impact of Grazing Systems on Rodent and Cottontail Rabbit Populations in South Texas

Study sites were established at Rob and Bessie Welder Refuge and Encino Division of the King Ranch in south Texas to monitor the impact of Short-duration cell grazing (SDG) and Continuous grazing on small mammal and cottontail rabbit populations. Small mammals were live trapped (With occasional snap trapping) and cottontails were spotlighted. Vertical and horizontal components of vegetative structure were measured in terms of percent cover. There was paucity of rodents on the Welder Refuge – 8 captures for 9705 trap nights. In 1984 127 cottontails/km) and in 1985-1986 64 cottontails were seen along 436.8 km of road transects (.14 cottontails/km). Small mammal and cottontail numbers were small to measure the impact of grazing treatments on small mammals and cottontails. At the Encino study site a total of 9,600 trap nights yielded 1211 unique captures of small mammals in 1985-1986. Nine species of small mammals were captured. There was a significant difference (p\u3c.05) between grazing treatments and most of the small mammal species were capture in greater numbers in SDG treatment. There was no observed deleterious impact due to Short-duration grazing on small mammals, cottontails and vegetative cover on the Welder Refuge, and the Short-duration grazing treatment appeared to positively impact rodents and vegetation at the Encino study site

Characterization of exhaust emissions from catalyzed trap-equipped non-road heavy-duty diesel engines

An emissions and engine performance study was conducted to explore the effects of ultra low sulfur fuels on an off-road, heavy-duty engine retrofitted with catalyzed traps. The study was conducted, on an 8 cylinder, mechanically controlled Caterpillar 3408, rear engine of a Scraper. An in-field transient duty cycle was determined by logging the engine speed and torque using an Electronic Control Unit (ECU) communication adapter on the Scraper. The test fuels included California Air Resources Board (CARB) off-road diesel fuel, Fischer-Tropsch and Emission Control Diesel-1 (ECD1) diesel fuels. The engine was retrofit with two different types of diesel particulate filters (DPF) (Johnson-Matthey CRT and Engelhard DPX). (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

A study of cattle-lifting and it's modalities in Puranaanuru

Grammar or Grammatical syntax forms the crux of the language. Grammar is an essential one not only in Tamil but also for all the world languages. Tamil language is one of the oldest surviving languages in the world. Any language can be refined language provided that language will be spoken by a large group of people and also it should heaviest own literariness. Among the languages spoken in India Tamil, Telugu, Konda, Tulu and Coorg forms the Dravidian linguistic family group. They are identified as the refined languages from the Dravidian group. Both the language and the literatures contributes languages. There are lot of literary works and linguistic works and linguistic works are published during the various time periods. There are various literary works are published after the Publication of Tholkappiam. These literary marvels Portrays the lifestyle, culture, tradition and socioeconomic setup of the people. Those literary works distinguishes the lifestyle and social practices of that people as ‘Agam’ and ‘Puram. Though this we can easily identify that the people follow both ‘Agam’ and ‘Puram’ form of lifestyle. Events containing private affairs are confrains as ‘Agam and War, Valour, Pride and charity forms the ‘Puram’. Tamil Grammar is divided into Agapporul and Purapporul. Literary works based on Purapporal focused on the events based on outer lifestyle of the people. Purapporul can be identified as Seven and Twelve. Vetchithinai is defined as the capturing of cows and cattle breeds. The formation or the beginning of the Vetchithinai is because of the competition between the other two thinais like ‘Palai’ and ‘Mullai’. We can assumed that Vetchithinai is formed based on this competition. This research article clearly shows the difference between the Vetchithinai which is portrayed in Tholkappiam and the Vetchithinai which is portrayed in Purapporal Venbamalai and its developments in that thinai

SATELLITE TRACKING OF A GREATER SANDHILL CRANE

The first satellite transmitter (PTT) to be used on a wild crane was deployed on an isolation-reared greater sandhill crane (Grus canadensis tabida) colt in south Texas on 6 November 1988. The 160-g transmitter required more than 8 hours of direct sunlight for the solar cells to recharge the NiCad battery power supply. Signal repetition rate was once every 60 seconds. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency satellites in polar orbits, equipped with Argos instruments, received PIT signals via a doppler shift mechanism. Information included location of PTT (bird), long-term activity, short-term activity, and ambient temperature. The crane colt died on 10 December 1988. The PTT was subsequently deployed on a second year subadult male greater sandhill crane at Paynes Prairie, Florida, on 5 March 1989. This crane was also equipped with a 20-g standard radio transmitter. The crane migrated approximately 1,642 km before PTT transmission failure occurred. The last location was transmitted from near Reed City, Michigan, on 4 April 1989. The last signal was on 7 April, but location had not changed since 4 April. Overcast conditions could have prevented the PTT from recharging, the antenna could have broken and thus cut off transmission, or the bird could have died. Subsequently, we also failed to locate the bird by standard radio telemetry. This study helped identify shortcomings in the design of the PTT; however, based on the encouraging results, PTT\u27s were deployed on common cranes (G. grus) in Siberia in 1990 and may be deployed on Siberian cranes (G. leucogeranus), whose migration routes are as yet unknown

Social workers' workload survey: messages from the frontline: findings from the 2009 survey and interviews with senior managers

"The research findings which have been reported emerged from work commissioned to inform the Social Work Task Force but they also make a contribution to issues discussed in this section and to other social work debates. It is important to recognise that this was the most comprehensive diary exercise conducted with social workers in this country. The findings generated from the analysis of the diaries have provided the first systematic examination of how social workers use their time. Yet for the reasons examined in the report there are provisos regarding the representativeness of data which leads to the recommendation that the exercise should be repeated with an instrument which is redesigned to reflect lessons from this survey and with a larger negotiated sample, along the lines of the Teachers’ Workload Survey." - Page 138

ASURVEY ON CLUSTER BASED LOAD BALANCINGAPPROACHESFOR WIRELESSSENSOR NETWORK

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is becoming a very interesting field of research in recent days. It has wide area of research due to various issues caused by the hardware capabilities of sensing nodes such as memory, power, and computing capabilities. One of the major issues is to concentrate on the energy consumption of the sensing node which determines the lifetime of the network. One of such problem is called Hot-spot problem, in which the best channel to the sink are overloaded with traffic and thus causing the nodes to deplete their energy quicker than the energy of other nodes in the network. Clustering algorithms along with sink mobility widely support for equal distribution of the load in the network. In order to overcome this problem various load balancing algorithms are discussed for improving the lifetime of the network

Indentation response of polymer films and aircraft wiring with polymer insulation.

The airline regulatory communities are interested in methods that can access degradation in the polymer insulation of aging aircraft wiring. This study investigates the response of bulk polymer films and aircraft wiring under indentation; changes in the behavior of the material may provide an indication of degradation. For this study, indentation tests are performed using a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), which provides excellent force and displacement sensitivity and can test materials at a wide range of temperatures. Each indentation test consists of two test phases: loading and relaxation. During loading, the indenter is displaced into the material at a constant rate. During relaxation, the indenter is maintained at the final position of the loading phase for a period of time. The force is monitored throughout the test, increasing during the loading phase and decreasing during the relaxation phase. Pristine and aged specimens were considered to assess the changes occurring in the force response of the material in question. Tests were performed on bulk polymer films and a limited number of wire samples. The findings were as expected, with the wires and the polymer film specimens stiffening with aging. The findings from the study will be used to assist in the ongoing development of methods to assess wire degradation in a field environment