Trade openness and volatility

The objective of this presentation is to test whether trade openness leads to economic volatility, keeping other relevant things constant. This theme has been investigated in various studies, as we shall show in the literature review. However this particular study place the analysis within the vulnerability/ resilience framework, proposed by Briguglio et al. (2009). One would expect that if a country depends highly on economic conditions in other countries, its economic situation will also be highly exposed to external shocks, possibly leading to GDP growth volatility in the country in question. Likewise, a high dependence on imports is likely to lead to a high degree of exposure to economic conditions in the rest of the world. There are other reasons why trade openness leads to GDP growth volatility - these will be discussed in the section on the literature on this matter. The hypothesis to be tested in this paper is that GDP growth volatility depends on trade openness, on economic governance and on political governance of a given economy, the latter variable possibly proxying GDP per capita (the stage of development) and social governance in the country concerned. The approach used to test this relationship is the regression method, using panel data.peer-reviewe

Resource Land Loss and Forest Vulnerability in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed

The contemporary pattern of urban development in industrialized countries is increasingly taking the form of low density, decentralized residential and commercial development. In the Chesapeake Bay watershed, which is located within the mid-Atlantic region of the United States, dispersed development patterns have been linked to habitat fragmentation and declining water quality. Our objectives were to document how this urbanization process has expanded throughout the watershed and to explore how lands comprising the natural resource base, particularly forests, have been replaced by a matrix of the built environment

Oceanographic Controls on the Variability of Ice-Shelf Basal Melting and Circulation of Glacial Meltwater in the Amundsen Sea Embayment, Antarctica

Ice shelves in the Amundsen Sea Embayment have thinned, accelerating the seaward flow of ice sheets upstream over recent decades. This imbalance is caused by an increase in the ocean-driven melting of the ice shelves. Observations and models show that the ocean heat content reaching the ice shelves is sensitive to the depth of thermocline, which separates the cool, fresh surface waters from warm, salty waters. Yet the processes controlling the variability of thermocline depth remain poorly constrained. Here we quantify the oceanic conditions and ocean-driven melting of Cosgrove, Pine Island Glacier (PIG), Thwaites, Crosson, and Dotson ice shelves in the Amundsen Sea Embayment from 1991 to 2014 using a general circulation model. Ice-shelf melting is coupled to variability in the wind field and the sea-ice motions over the continental shelf break and associated onshore advection of warm waters in deep troughs. The layer of warm, salty waters at the calving front of PIG and Thwaites is thicker in austral spring (June–October) than in austral summer (December–March), whereas the seasonal cycle at the calving front of Dotson is reversed. Furthermore, the ocean-driven melting in PIG is enhanced by an asymmetric response to changes in ocean heat transport anomalies at the continental shelf break: melting responds more rapidly to increases in ocean heat transport than to decreases. This asymmetry is caused by the inland deepening of bathymetry and the glacial meltwater circulation around the ice shelf

Move Your Body: Engaging Museum Visitors with Human-Data Interaction

Museums have embraced embodied interaction: its novelty generates buzz and excitement among their patrons, and it has enormous educational potential. Human-Data Interaction (HDI) is a class of embodied interactions that enables people to explore large sets of data using interactive visualizations that users control with gestures and body movements. In museums, however, HDI installations have no utility if visitors do not engage with them. In this paper, we present a quasi-experimental study that investigates how different ways of representing the user ("mode type") next-to a data visualization alters the way in which people engage with a HDI system. We consider four mode types: avatar, skeleton, camera overlay, and control. Our findings indicate that the mode type impacts the number of visitors that interact with the installation, the gestures that people do, and the amount of time that visitors spend observing the data on display and interacting with the system

The Case Law of the European Court of Justice and Nationals of Non-European Community Member States

This essay endeavors to identify, in light of the European Court of Justice ( ECJ ) case law, the key concepts of the legal protection which European Community( EC ) law, as it stands, affords to nationals of non-member countries. This Essay distinguishes between the rights deriving from internal EC law, forming the first part of this Essay, and those ensuing from external agreements concluded by the European Community with non-member countries, constituting the second part of this Essay

Brass recital for brass sextet with ad lib, parts for brass choirs, brass classes, and brass section Full score

A day of joy!nAndante and allegronCanciones mexicanasnCanzone no. 4nCordobanEarle of oxford's marche, th

SUMO Modification

Small ubiquitin related modifier, SUMO-1, and its homologues are 10–12 kDa eukaryotic proteins that serve to regulate protein function. Like their relative ubiquitin, they are covalently coupled to many different target proteins in the cell. Specific enzymes required for the formation or cleavage ofisopeptide bonds between SUMO and its targets ensurespecificity and dynamics of this posttranslational modification. Functional consequences reach from changes in protein-protein or protein–DNA interactions, alteration in subcellularlocalization, or enhanced stability, to changes in biological activity

Description du pays armorique à pres Bretaigne.

Scale ca. 1:1,100,000.Relief shown pictorially

Unravelling the genomic structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae : a thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand

Content removed due to copyright restrictions: Rodley, C.D.M, Bertels, F., Jones, B. & O'Sullivan, J.M. (2009). Global identification of yeast chromosome interactions using Genome conformation capture. Fungal Genetics and Biology. 46(11), 879-886. doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2009.07.006. Also the following computer programmes: Manipulation program (v3) ; Milchreis: Operations on big genomes (version 1.21) ; DNA topography tool (version GerdlsChanges 1.19)Advances in high-throughput sequencing technology have enabled the sequencing of genomes for many organisms. But the ability to describe the linear arrangement of genetic elements on the chromosomes does not tell us much about how all of these elements work in concert to form and maintain a functional cell. To get some way towards a more holistic understanding of how this is achieved requires the elucidation of three-dimensional genome organisation. The association of chromosomes with each other and other nuclear components plays a critical role in nuclear organisation and genome function. Interactions, which can be structural or functional in nature, form between different parts of the genome. Chromosomal interactions can be broadly divided into two groups, inter- and intra- chromosomal interactions, depending upon whether the interaction forms between different chromosomes or within a single chromosome, respectively. Here I describe a methodology capable of capturing these interactions on a global scale, Genome Conformation Capture (GCC), and reveal the interaction network for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The inter- and intra- chromosomal interactions detected by GCC are non-random and include contacts between the nuclear chromosomes, 2-micron plasmid, and the mitochondrial genome. These results formed the first global map of chromosomal interactions in a eukaryotic nucleus and demonstrated the highly connected nature of the yeast genome. I subsequently performed GCC on S. cerevisiae cells grown on glucose, galactose, and glycerol lactate to investigate how genome organisation alters depending upon the metabolic regime being employed. I describe the difference in the numbers and types of interactions that form in the three conditions and investigate interactions involving transfer RNAs in detail. Interactions between the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes undergo significant changes depending upon the carbon source on which the yeast is grown. The nuclear and mitochondrial organelles must maintain a communication system in order to respond effectively to environmental conditions. Previous studies have identified mitochondrial DNA inside the nucleus and interacting with the nuclear chromosomes. How this transfer occurs and what the function of the mitochondrial III DNA is once inside the nucleus remains unclear. Here I isolate interactions between the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes and demonstrate dependence upon mitochondrial encoded reverse transcriptase machinery. Furthermore, the nuclear gene transcript level is altered when the interaction frequency between the mitochondrial and nuclear genome is reduced. I conclude that mitochondrial DNA interactions with the nuclear genome are biologically relevant and that the results argue for a role for reverse transcription in inter-organelle DNA mediated communication. The results presented in this thesis have significant implications for our understanding of eukaryotic genome organization