Defining “Different”–How Distinctive Methods of Textual Interpretation Led to the Abduction Enhancement Circuit Split

This note examines the federal circuit courts’ differing approaches to interpreting the robbery abduction enhancement in the United States Sentencing Guidelines. Specifically, this note sets forth how the Sixth Circuit’s strict method of textual interpretation in United States v. Hill led to the erroneous holding that the term “different location” refers to “a place different from the store that is being robbed.” This note argues the court should have taken a more holistic interpretative approach, taking the underlying purpose of the Guidelines into account

Prediction of Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Beams by Finite Element Method

This work is concerned with the prediction using nonlinear finite element program, of the ultimate strength of reinforced concrete beams failing in shear. Nearly one hundred rectangular beams and a few T-beams were analysed. The beams analysed have been tested by various investigators covering the important variables such as : -a) Shear-span to depth ratio av/d. -b) Amount of shear reinforcement. -c) Amount of tensile reinforcement. -d) Effective depth and width of the beam. -e) Type of loading. The work can be divided into two main parts: 1) Parametric study involving the following parameters: Shear retention factor B. Concrete uniaxial compressive strength fc. Concrete tensile strength ft. Concrete crushing factor Cf. 2) Statistical study involving concrete crushing factor Cf as parameter. The following results were obtained: i) The shear retention factor and concrete tensile strength have little effect on the ultimate load ii) Concrte uniaxial compressive strength and crushing factor both have a great effect on the ultimate load and mode of failure of reinforced concrete beams. From the statistical study it was found that : 1) Generally, smaller the value of Cf, lower the predicted failure load. 2) Better result were obtained for beams with shear reinforcement and for beams with uniformly distributed loads. 3) Concrete crushing factor Cf effect decrease as concrete strength fc' increases. 4) Best results were obtained for Cf = 0. 60

Detection of Denial of Service (DoS) Attacks in Local Area Networks Based on Outgoing Packets

Denial of Service (DoS) is a security threat which compromises the confidentiality of information stored in Local Area Networks (LANs) due to unauthorized access by spoofed IP addresses. DoS is harmful to LANs as the flooding of packets may delay other users from accessing the server and in severe cases, the server may need to be shut down, wasting valuable resources, especially in critical real-time services such as in e-commerce and the medical field. The objective of this project is to propose a new DoS detection system to protect organizations from unauthenticated access to important information which may jeopardize the confidentiality, privacy and integrity of information in Local Area Networks. The new DoS detection system monitors the traffic flow of packets and filters the packets based on their IP addresses to determine whether they are genuine requests for network services or DoS attacks. Results obtained demonstrate that the detection accuracy of the new DoS detection system was in good agreement with the detection accuracy from the network protocol analyzer, Wireshark. For high-rate DoS attacks, the accuracy was 100% whereas for low-rate DoS attacks, the accuracy was 67%

Universities’ Governance to Reduce Students’ Violence Phenomenon ‎Against Teachers from a Professors’ Point of View ‎ ‎“Case Study: Professors of Economics Faculties in Algerian University‎‏”‏

هدفت الدراسة إلى إبراز دور حاكمية الجامعات في إرساء الأمن والحد من ظاهرة العنف الطلابي ضد الهيئة التدريسية من وجهة نظر أساتذة كليات الاقتصاد بالجامعات الجزائرية  خلال الثلاثي الثالث من سنة 2020، باعتماد المنهج الوصفي التحليلي ومنهج دراسة الحالة وكانت عينة الدراسة عشوائية. كما تم استخدام الاستبيان الإلكتروني وأدوات التحليل المناسب والاستعانة ببرنامج SPSS إصدار 22. توصلت الدراسة إلى وجود مستوى مرتفع من العنف الطلابي ضد الهيئة التدريسية مع تعدد مظاهره، أسبابه ومواقفه.يقابله غياب للحاكمية الرشيدة مع وجود ارتباط عكسي ضعيف جدا وذو دلالة إحصائية بين العنف والحاكمية. وقدّمت توصيات أهمها إعادة النظر في سياسة القبول الجامعي، التطبيق الصارم لقوانين إرساء الأمن التعليمي القائمة على الجزاء والعقاب. اعتماد الخبرة والكفاءة في تعيين مسؤولي الجامعات على اختلاف مناصبهم، تكثيف الأمن وتوفير أطباء نفسانيين استشاريين لمتابعة الطلبة ذوي السلوك العنيف.This study aims to highlight and confirm the role of university governance in establishing security and curbing the phenomenon of students' violence against the teaching staff from the viewpoint of professors of faculties of economics in the Algerian university as a study community During the third trio of 2020. The descriptive analytical approach and the case study method are adopted where a random probability sample. The electronic questionnaire according to Likert's five-point scale was also used as a data collection instrument and the SPSS program is used for data analysis. The study reaches many results which are: The presence of a high level of student violence against teachers, with its many manifestations and causes, the absence of good governance, there is a weak inversely correlation between violence and governance

Drag On Non-Spherical Particles In Non-Newtonian Fluids

The drag coefficient (CD ) was determined for three different non-spherical particles (cubes, rectangles and cylinders) of different sizes falling in two different non-Newtonian fluids (glycerol and polymer - paraffin oil mixture) using the terminal velocity technique. The variation of the drag coefficient with the variation of non-spherical particle size was explained. Also the relation between CD and Reo (0.25-5) is graphically compared with those previously published in the literature for discs and cylinders with infinite length. Moreover some mathematical relations, previously published in the literature, are verified for the three tested non-spherical particles

Fisheries Sustainability in Oman

Overfishing is a consequence of changes in the absolute and relative abundance of many important commercial species in Omani waters. To adjust to this change more rigorous management of this fishery is required. This paper examines the Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY), Economic Sustainable Yield (ESY), Maximum Carrying Capacity (MCC) and the Economic Rent of all six coastal states in Oman. The Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) and Economic Sustainable Yield (ESY) catch and effort that were estimated for some states like Albatinah and Dhofar show higher than the actual figures (according to MOFW, 2007 statistics). The MSY and ESY in Albatinah state were (46,608.1 mt, 1883 vessels) and (34,636.6 mt, 1,428 vessels) respectively. While, the actual estimated quantities were (21,853 mt, 4,347 vessels). This point is situated beyond MSY, showing that the catch is declining and the number of vessel increasing. On the other hand, MSY and ESY in Dhofar state were (20,696.9 mt, 1566 vessels) and (11,754.2 mt, 1,176 vessels) respectively. However, the actual estimated quantities were (17,823 mt and 1,939 vessels). Also, this point is situated behind MSY point showing that the catch is declining and the number of vessel increasing. The analyses of data for all coastal states indicate over fishing, especially in Albatinah and Dhofar states. However, the other states shows normal fishing levels like Muscat, Alsharquiah, Musandam and Alwusta. Keywords: Fisheries Management; Maximum Sustainable Yield; Economic Sustainable Yield; Overfishin

Genetic evaluation and selection correlated response of growth traits in Japanese quail

Objectives of the current study were to i) investigate effects of selection for bodyweight at four weeks old on bodyweight (BW) and bodyweight gain (BWG) across four generations; ii) estimate correlated response to selection for BW and BWG at different ages; and iii) document best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) of genetic trends for BW and BWG across four generations of selection. A total of 3540 chicks from 444 sires and 885 dams were used to estimate heritabilities, and genetic and phenotypic correlations for growth traits, including BW at 0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks, and BWG between 0 and 2, 2 and 4, 4 and 6, and 0 and 6 weeks. The selection effects, correlated responses and genetic trend for BW and BWG across generations were quantified by applying the animal model. Estimates of heritability for BW and BWG ranged from 0.22 to 0.42 and from 0.18 to 0.23, respectively. Ranges of genetic and phenotypic correlations for BW varied from 0.31 to 0.92 and 0.05 to 0.65, respectively. Moreover, estimates of genetic and phenotypic correlations for BWG at different ages were from 0.12 to 0.72 and 0.17 to 0.60, respectively. Bodyweight and BWG estimates after four generations of selection were significantly higher than those of the base generation. Moreover, contrasts of generation means were significant across the four generations. The genetic trends across the generations clarified that BLUP estimates for BW and BWG gradually increased with the advance of generations until the fourth generation. Keywords: best linear unbiased prediction, bodyweight, heritability, selection, genetic tren

Nouvelle approche dans l’enseignement des langues étrangères : Le Passage d'une langue à l’autre Pourquoi Traduire ? Que Traduire ? Comment Traduire?

En mettant en évidence la spécificité même de chaque langue, la traduction peut être un vecteur de médiation entre les langues et les cultures. Elle peut contribuer en effet, quand elle reste concentrée sur le sens plus que sur la forme, à ce que le natif d’une langue apprenant d’une langue seconde prenne mieux conscience du fonctionnement et de l’originalité de chacune des deux langues

Efficient cryptography techniques for image encryption in cloud storage

In recent years and with the great progress of the use of cloud computing and their uses that covered most aspects of modern life as well as provide a variety of services, such as the formation of computing resources, cost control, sustainability, mobility and service flexibility. However, there are challenges to cloud computing, the most important of which is data security and transmission. Cryptographic is the science of protecting data by converting data (plain text) into an incomprehensible format (cipher text) for unauthorized individuals through the use of mathematical techniques. This paper provides work for the most common encryption algorithms that are utilized to encryption of data in cloud computing and presented some of papers that based on the most common cryptographic techniques such as DES, 3DES, Blowfish, AES, RSA, D-H, ECC And others. This way paves the way for finding the suitable encryption algorithm to protect the data in the cloud environment. The AES outperforms the other algorithms in term of encryption time

Changing God’s Creation through Plastic Surgeries

أهداف البحث: يهدف هذا البحث إلى معرفة مدى اعتبار التغيير للحسن والجمال وصفًا يصلح للتعليل؛ ليُقاس عليه كل ما هو جديد في المسألة. منهج الدراسة: اتبع الباحثان المنهج الاستقرائي والتحليلي والنقدي المقارن؛ لإنجاز أهداف الدراسة والإجابة عن مشكلتها. النتائج: توصلنا إلى عدة نتائج من أهمها: أن التزين والتجمل يعد من العادات والمعاملات، وهو مما يلتفت فيه إلى المعاني والتعليل والقياس، وليس في وصف "تغيير خلق الله" نص يدل عليه صراحة أو دلالة، أو إجماع، كما لا يصلح عِلَّة يُبنى عليها حكم عمليات التجميل التحسينية، فلا بد من البحث عن علة أخرى تصلح لبناء الحكم عليها. أصالة البحث: امتاز هذا البحث بتناوله مسألة التعليل بوصف تغيير خلق الله من ناحية أصولية، واختبار هذا الوصف وعرضه على مسالك العلة؛ لمعرفة مدى صلوحه لأن يكون عِلَّة ابتداء، قبل البحث في ضابطه وتحديد معناه.Purpose: This study aims to examine the extent to which change for the good and beautiful could be considered a description fit for explanation to measure all that is novel in this issue. Methodology: The researcher relies on the comparative inductive, analytical and critical methodology to accomplish the objectives of the study and answer its problem. Findings: The study reaches several conclusions, the most important of which: that adornment and beautification are habits and social transactions, in which meanings, explanation and measurement are turned to. There is nothing that refers to that issue explicitly or implicitly in the explanation of "changing God's creation". Neither is there any consensus. This is not fit also to be a reason on which Fiqhi opinion of aesthetic cosmetic operations could be based. It is then necessary to search for another reason suitable for building the opinion on. Originality: This study is characterized by its handling of the issue of reasoning by using the description of “changing God's creation” from a fundamental perspective. The study also tests this description and looks in to it where the modes of reasoning is concerned to determine the extent to which it could be considered as a reason in the first place, before studying its controls and defining its meaning