810 research outputs found
On the definition of temperature using time--averages
This paper is a natural continuation of a previous one by the author, which
was concerned with the foundations of statistical thermodynamics far from
equilibrium. One of the problems left open in that paper was the correct
definition of temperature. In the literature, temperature is in general defined
through the mean kinetic energy of the particles of a given system. In this
paper, instead, temperature is defined "a la Caratheodory", the system being
coupled to a heat bath, and temperature being singled out as the ``right''
integrating factor of the exchanged heat. As a byproduct, the ``right''
expression for the entropy is also obtained. In particular, in the case of a
q-distributions the entropy turns out to be that of Tsallis, which we however
show to be additive, at variance with what is usually maintained
Comment on "Typicality for Generalized Microcanonical Ensemble"
The validity of the so-called "typicality" argument for a generalised
microcanonical ensemble proposed recently is examined.Comment: Version to appear in PR
Thermodynamics and time-average
For a dynamical system far from equilibrium, one has to deal with empirical
probabilities defined through time-averages, and the main problem is then how
to formulate an appropriate statistical thermodynamics. The common answer is
that the standard functional expression of Boltzmann-Gibbs for the entropy
should be used, the empirical probabilities being substituted for the Gibbs
measure. Other functional expressions have been suggested, but apparently with
no clear mechanical foundation. Here it is shown how a natural extension of the
original procedure employed by Gibbs and Khinchin in defining entropy, with the
only proviso of using the empirical probabilities, leads for the entropy to a
functional expression which is in general different from that of
Boltzmann--Gibbs. In particular, the Gibbs entropy is recovered for empirical
probabilities of Poisson type, while the Tsallis entropies are recovered for a
deformation of the Poisson distribution.Comment: 8 pages, LaTex source. Corrected some misprint
Axioms and uniqueness theorem for Tsallis entropy
The Shannon-Khinchin axioms for the ordinary information entropy are
generalized in a natural way to the nonextensive systems based on the concept
of nonextensive conditional entropy, and a complete proof of the uniqueness
theorem for the Tsallis entropy is presented.Comment: 14 pages. To appear in Physics Letters
On and Off-diagonal Sturmian operator: dynamic and spectral dimension
We study two versions of quasicrystal model, both subcases of Jacobi
matrices. For Off-diagonal model, we show an upper bound of dynamical exponent
and the norm of the transfer matrix. We apply this result to the Off-diagonal
Fibonacci Hamiltonian and obtain a sub-ballistic bound for coupling large
enough. In diagonal case, we improve previous lower bounds on the fractal
box-counting dimension of the spectrum.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:math-ph/0502044 and
arXiv:0807.3024 by other author
Simple observations concerning black holes and probability
It is argued that black holes and the limit distributions of probability
theory share several properties when their entropy and information content are
compared. In particular the no-hair theorem, the entropy maximization and
holographic bound, and the quantization of entropy of black holes have their
respective analogues for stable limit distributions. This observation suggests
that the central limit theorem can play a fundamental role in black hole
statistical mechanics and in a possibly emergent nature of gravity.Comment: 6 pages Latex, final version. Essay awarded "Honorable Mention" in
the Gravity Research Foundation 2009 Essay Competitio
On the Limiting Cases of Nonextensive Thermostatistics
We investigate the limiting cases of Tsallis statistics. The viewpoint
adopted is not the standard information-theoretic one, where one derives the
distribution from a given measure of information. Instead the mechanical
approach recently proposed in [M. Campisi, G.B. Bagci, Phys. Lett. A (2006),
doi:10.1016/j.physleta.2006.09.081], is adopted, where the distribution is
given and one looks for the associated physical entropy. We show that, not only
the canonical ensemble is recovered in the limit of tending to one, as one
expects, but also the microcanonical ensemble is recovered in the limit of
tending to minus infinity. The physical entropy associated with Tsallis
ensemble recovers the microcanonical entropy as well and we note that the
microcanonical equipartition theorem is recovered too. We are so led to
interpret the extensivity parameter q as a measure of the thermal bath heat
capacity: (i.e. canonical) corresponds to an infinite bath (thermalised
case, temperature is fixed), (microcanonical) corresponds to a bath
with null heat capacity (isolated case, energy is fixed), intermediate
(i.e. Tsallis) correspond to the realistic cases of finite heat capacity (both
temperature and energy fluctuate).Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure
Central limit behavior of deterministic dynamical systems
We investigate the probability density of rescaled sums of iterates of
deterministic dynamical systems, a problem relevant for many complex physical
systems consisting of dependent random variables. A Central Limit Theorem (CLT)
is only valid if the dynamical system under consideration is sufficiently
mixing. For the fully developed logistic map and a cubic map we analytically
calculate the leading-order corrections to the CLT if only a finite number of
iterates is added and rescaled, and find excellent agreement with numerical
experiments. At the critical point of period doubling accumulation, a CLT is
not valid anymore due to strong temporal correlations between the iterates.
Nevertheless, we provide numerical evidence that in this case the probability
density converges to a -Gaussian, thus leading to a power-law generalization
of the CLT. The above behavior is universal and independent of the order of the
maximum of the map considered, i.e. relevant for large classes of critical
dynamical systems.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
Fairness Is an Emergent Self-Organized Property of the Free Market for Labor
The excessive compensation packages of CEOs of U.S. corporations in recent
years have brought to the foreground the issue of fairness in economics. The
conventional wisdom is that the free market for labor, which determines the pay
packages, cares only about efficiency and not fairness. We present an
alternative theory that shows that an ideal free market environment also
promotes fairness, as an emergent property resulting from the self-organizing
market dynamics. Even though an individual employee may care only about his or
her salary and no one else's, the collective actions of all the employees,
combined with the profit maximizing actions of all the companies, in a free
market environment under budgetary constraints, lead towards a more fair
allocation of wages, guided by Adam Smith's invisible hand of
self-organization. By exploring deep connections with statistical
thermodynamics, we show that entropy is the appropriate measure of fairness in
a free market environment which is maximized at equilibrium to yield the
lognormal distribution of salaries as the fairest inequality of pay in an
organization under ideal conditions
Thermodynamics with generalized ensembles: The class of dual orthodes
We address the problem of the foundation of generalized ensembles in
statistical physics. The approach is based on Boltzmann's concept of orthodes.
These are the statistical ensembles that satisfy the heat theorem, according to
which the heat exchanged divided by the temperature is an exact differential.
This approach can be seen as a mechanical approach alternative to the well
established information-theoretic one based on the maximization of generalized
information entropy. Our starting point are the Tsallis ensembles which have
been previously proved to be orthodes, and have been proved to interpolate
between canonical and microcanonical ensembles. Here we shall see that the
Tsallis ensembles belong to a wider class of orthodes that include the most
diverse types of ensembles. All such ensembles admit both a microcanonical-like
parametrization (via the energy), and a canonical-like one (via the parameter
). For this reason we name them ``dual''. One central result used to
build the theory is a generalized equipartition theorem. The theory is
illustrated with a few examples and the equivalence of all the dual orthodes is
discussed.Comment: 20 pages, 4 figures. Minor improvement
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