The SST Fully-Synchronous Multi-GHz Analog Waveform Recorder with Nyquist-Rate Bandwidth and Flexible Trigger Capabilities

The design and performance of a fully-synchronous multi-GHz analog transient waveform recorder I.C. ("SST") with fast and flexible trigger capabilities is presented. The SST's objective is to provide multi-GHz sample rates with intrinsically-stable timing, Nyquist-rate sampling and high trigger bandwidth, wide dynamic range and simple operation. Containing 4 channels of 256 samples per channel, the SST is fabricated in an inexpensive 0.25 micrometer CMOS process and uses a high-performance package that is 8 mm on a side. It has a 1.9V input range on a 2.5V supply, exceeds 12 bits of dynamic range, and uses ~128 mW while operating at 2 G-samples/s and full trigger rates. With a standard 50 Ohm input source, the SST exceeds ~1.5 GHz -3 dB bandwidth. The SST's internal sample clocks are generated synchronously via a shift register driven by an external LVDS oscillator running at half the sample rate (e.g., a 1 GHz oscillator yields 2 G-samples/s). Because of its purely-digital synchronous nature, the SST has ps-level timing uniformity that is independent of sample frequencies spanning over 6 orders of magnitude: from under 2 kHz to over 2 GHz. Only three active control lines are necessary for operation: Reset, Start/Stop and Read-Clock. When operating as common-stop device, the time of the stop, modulo 256 relative to the start, is read out along with the sampled signal values. Each of the four channels integrates dual-threshold trigger circuitry with windowed coincidence features. Channels can discriminate signals with ~1mV RMS resolution at >600 MHz bandwidth.Comment: 3 pages, 6 figures, 1 table, submitted for publication in the Conference Record of the 2014 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Seattle, WA, November 201

A Readout System for the STAR Time Projection Chamber

We describe the readout electronics for the STAR Time Projection Chamber. The system is made up of 136,608 channels of waveform digitizer, each sampling 512 time samples at 6-12 Mega-samples per second. The noise level is about 1000 electrons, and the dynamic range is 800:1, allowing for good energy loss ($dE/dx$) measurement for particles with energy losses up to 40 times minimum ionizing. The system is functioning well, with more than 99% of the channels working within specifications.Comment: 22 pages + 8 separate figures; 2 figures are .jpg photos to appear in Nuclear Instruments and Method

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening condition caused by damage in the lungs leading to persistent hypoxemia. The alveoli in the lungs become filled with fluid from damage to the pulmonary capillaries due to inflammatory mediators. The buildup of fluid in the lungs ultimately result in intubation of the patient and mechanical ventilation (Senapathi et al., 2020). ARDS has become more prevalent today with the 2020 Covid-19 pandemic affecting 200 countries resulting is 1.1 million deaths so far (Weiss et al., 2021). Multiple therapies exist for the management of ARDS including prone positioning, deep sedation, and mechanical ventilation with the usage of PEEP and high oxygen concentration. Understanding the pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, and risk factors for ARDS is crucial due to the high mortality rate of 35-46% (Weiss et al., 2021). This poster should be used as an education tool for health care professionals to learn more about ARDS

Evidence-Based Practice Guidelines: Anesthesia for Total Knee and Hip Arthroplasty

Abstract Total knee and hip arthroplasty are the two most common orthopedic surgeries in the United States. Traditional perioperative practice is multidisciplinary, with each professional, including anesthesia, making decisions based on their current knowledge or past experience. Postoperative complications pose a threat to any patient undergoing a surgical procedure. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols were developed to streamline best practice guidelines during the perioperative period. ERAS pathways aim to decrease postoperative complications, accelerate recovery after surgery, decrease narcotic use and promote early mobilization and discharge from the hospital. The aim of this project is the development of evidence-based practice (EBP) guidelines using recommendations from ERAS protocols. The EBP guidelines include preoperative education, patient optimization and euvolemic fluid management. During the intraoperative period, the EBP guideline includes opioid-sparing anesthetic, spinal anesthesia, and/or intraarticular block. The EBP guideline recommends scheduled medications preoperatively and postoperatively. In the postoperative period, the EBP guideline recommends early mobilization. Project managers will implement the EBP guideline at an urban mid-western level one hospital. Progress of implementation and staff adherence to guidelines will be tracked electronically. Data will be collected in excel spreadsheets and evaluated. Keywords: ERAS, TKA/THA, Evidence-based practice guideline

How to Restructure and Optimize a Mid-Market IT Department for Aqilitv

Mid-market IT departments must operate in a lean manner while providing top-notch support and administration to the business units, all while being agile to keep up with new technologies. Too often, these IT departments are under-staffed or staffed in a manner that is mis-aligned with business needs. Therefore, customer service suffers in the form of lengthy wait times, a loss of trust and respect for the IT organization and the emergence of shadow IT. This paper will detail how one mid-size enterprise restructured its IT department to provide better service and alignment to business units, while keeping staffing levels the same. It will show how moving people to positions that rely on their strengths, and streamlining like tasks under one department results in better customer service and transitions the IT department from reactive role to a proactive solution provider for the business units. It will also show how a restructuring can open up career paths and growth opportunities to staff members. Surveys will illustrate the increase in employee engagement since the restructuring has taken place

Guidelines for the Optimal Assessment of Airway to Predict Difficult Intubation

Managing the airway is the cornerstone of anesthesia care. However, difficult airway or intubation is not clearly defined. A major complication with a difficult airway is a cannot intubate, cannot ventilate (CICV) situation, which is reported to be as high as 10%. In addition, according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Closed Claim Study, Adverse respiratory events are the most common type of injury, with difficult intubation [DI] and ventilation contributing to most of the cases. Twenty-eight percent of all anesthesia deaths are related to a CICV situation. As anesthesia evolves, basic airway assessments were developed and include mallampati (MP), thyromental distance (TMD), upper lip bite test (ULBT), and interincisor distance (IID). However, not one basic airway assessment accurately predicts a DI. The problem is inappropriate or inadequate airway management because a difficult airway can lead to an emergency, such as an anoxic brain injury, respiratory compromise, or even cardiac arrest. The DNP project aims to implement a standardized guideline for the preoperative assessment tool, the LEMON law, as the standard of care for preoperative airway assessment in patients undergoing surgical operations requiring endotracheal tube (ETT) intubation. Theoretical implementation plan at a medical center in the Midwest utilizing a direct supervision anesthesia model to enact the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) model to evaluate the effectiveness and outcomes relating to the prediction of difficult airway, the prevalence of hypoxia, and effect on patients. Keywords: anesthesia, airway assessment, LEMON law, difficult airwa

Early Mobilization in Cardiac Surgery Patients

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a buildup of plaque in the heart\u27s arteries, which can lead to a heart attack and decrease the pumping ability of the heart muscle (American Heart Association, 2015). Because CAD is a cause major cause of mortality worldwide, it is essential to understand the risk factors, signs and symptoms, and pathophysiology behind the disease (Kanejima, 2020). To further investigate CAD, this poster was created as an educational tool. The poster discusses treatment options for heart attacks and CAD as well as preventative measures. This poster should be used as a tool to educate the public and health care professionals about CAD

The Effects of Climate Control on the Visitor Experience in Charleston House Museums

This thesis will describe how Colonial and Antebellum buildings were constructed in the south to respond to their environments and whether the experience of those who now visit these buildings is affected by the addition or absence of climate control. The study will focus on house museums in Charleston, South Carolina. Charleston house museums have a wide range of types of climate control, from none at Drayton Hall, to partial systems as in the forced air heating system at the Aiken-Rhett House and limited heating and air conditioning in the Joseph Manigault House. Charleston also provides a unique climate in which methods of European and vernacular architecture were blended together to create the distinct housing styles of the South Carolina Low Country. The climate is classified as Sub-Tropical and is generally hot and humid. Temperatures rarely drop below freezing in the winter, a feature that attracts visitors to the area year round. The question is how do the interior climates of Charleston\u27s house museums affect the visitors who tour these sites? Do visitors select the house museums they visit based on physical comfort, or do they seek an authentic experience and put their needs aside

A Multi-Gigahertz Analog Transient Recorder Integrated Circuit

A monolithic multi-channel analog transient recorder, implemented using switched capacitor sample-and-hold circuits and a high-speed analogically-adjustable delay-line-based write clock, has been designed, fabricated and tested. The 2.1 by 6.9 mm layout, in 1.2 micron CMOS, includes over 31,000 transistors and 2048 double polysilicon capacitors. The circuit contains four parallel channels, each with a 512 deep switched-capacitor sample-and-hold system. A 512 deep edge sensitive tapped active delay line uses look-ahead and 16 way interleaving to develop the 512 sample and hold clocks, each as little as 3.2 ns wide and 200 ps apart. Measurements of the device have demonstrated 5 GHz maximum sample rate, at least 350 MHz bandwidth, an extrapolated rms aperture uncertainty per sample of 0.7 ps, and a signal to rms noise ratio of 2000:1.Comment: 64 pages, 17 figures. Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 199