A relação entre o uso de substâncias psicoativas na infância e o uso abusivo de álcool e outras drogas na vida adulta: a percepção dos usuários de um CAPSad de Florianópolis

Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Mental e Atenção Psicossocial, Florianópolis, 2016.O uso abusivo de drogas e a medicalização da vida - principalmente no que tange à infância através do uso de psicotrópicos - são dois fenômenos de grande relevância na contemporaneidade. O primeiro, entendido como um problema de saúde pública e contemplado aqui sob uma lógica multidimensional de leituras e entendimentos, numa postura ética de entender o uso problemático de substância de forma multifacetada, sem a culpabilização ou patologização do usuário; o segundo também se refere à uma posição ética diante do sujeito e sua existência, entendendo a medicalização da vida como uma ameaça aos processos de subjetivação salutares e ainda mais preocupante quando focada sobre a criança. Na articulação destes dois marcos teóricos - uso abusivo de drogas e medicalização da vida - este estudo teve como objetivos discutir a relação entre o uso de substâncias psicoativas na infância e o uso abusivo de drogas na vida adulta; entender a percepção que o usuário de álcool e outras drogas tem sobre o uso de substâncias psicoativas na sua infância e os efeitos/impactos sobre a sua vida; e Identificar qual estratégia foi construída pelos usuários que utilizaram medicação psicotrópica na sua infância, após a interrupção do uso de psicofármaco, para lidar com suas dificuldades e limitações supostamente antes "tratadas" pela medicação. Participaram do estudo oito usuários de um CAPSad de um município de Santa Catarina que fizeram uso de substâncias psicoativas na infância e uso abusivo de drogas na vida adulta. Como instrumento foi utilizado uma entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo e geraram cinco categorias. Os resultados demonstram que os usuários têm uma trajetória de vida marcada por situações de vulnerabilidade desde a infância até o momento atual, revelando que práticas medicalizantes na infância não oferecem subsídios capazes de construir estratégias de enfrentamento aos problemas de ordens psíquica, social, econômica e cultural. Revelou-se que o uso de substâncias psicoativas na infância não tratou os problemas ora enfrentados e que, muitos deles, permanecem até o momento de vida atual dos usuários. A maioria dos usuários avaliou que o uso de medicação psicotrópica na infância foi positivo, porém, ao ser interrompido, o uso abusivo de drogas eclodiu como uma das estratégias para lidar com as dificuldades e limitações próprias de suas histórias de vida.Abstract : The abusive use of drugs and the medicalization of life - especially with regard to childhood through the use of psychotropic drugs - are two phenomena of great relevance in the contemporary world. The first, understood as a public health problem and contemplated here under a multidimensional logic of readings and understandings, in an ethical posture to understand the problematic use of substance in a multifaceted way, without the accuse or pathologization of the user; The second also refers to an ethical position before the subject and life, understanding the medicalization of life as a threat to healthy subjectivation processes and even more worrying when focused on the child. In the articulation of these two theoretical frameworks - abusive drug use and medicalization of life - this study aimed to discuss the relationship between the use of psychoactive substances in childhood and drug abuse in adult life; Understand the user's perception of alcohol and other drugs on the use of psychoactive substances in their childhood and the effects / impacts on their life; And Identify which strategy was built by users who used psychotropic medication in their childhood after stopping their use of psychoactive drugs to deal with their difficulties and limitations supposedly "treated" by medication. Eight users of a CAPSad from a municipality of Santa Catarina who used psychoactive substances in childhood and drug abuse in adult life participated in the study. A semi-structured interview was used as instrument. The data were submitted to content analysis and generated five categories. The results show that the users have a life trajectory marked by situations of vulnerability from childhood to the present moment revealing that medical practices in childhood do not offer subsidies able to build coping strategies to the problems of psychic, social, economic and cultural orders. It was revealed that the use of psychoactive substances in childhood did not deal with the problems that are being dealt with and that many of them remain until the current life of the users. Most users evaluated that the use of psychotropic medication in childhood was positive, but when interrupted, drug abuse broke out as a strategy to deal with the difficulties and limitations inherent in their life histories

Topological Objects in Two-component Bose-Einstein Condensates

We study the topological objects in two-component Bose-Einstein condensates. We compare two competing theories of two-component Bose-Einstein condensate, the popular Gross-Pitaevskii theory and the recently proposed gauge theory of two-component Bose-Einstein condensate which has an induced vorticity interaction. We show that two theories produce very similar topological objects, in spite of the obvious differences in dynamics. Furthermore we show that the gauge theory of two-component Bose-Einstein condensate, with the U(1) gauge symmetry, is remarkably similar to the Skyrme theory. Just like the Skyrme theory the theory admits the non-Abelian vortex, the helical vortex, and the vorticity knot. We construct the lightest knot solution in two-component Bose-Einstein condensate numerically, and discuss how the knot can be constructed in the spin-1/2 condensate of $^{87}{\rm Rb}$ atoms.Comment: 18 pages, 15 figures, Phys. Rev. A in pres

Microbiota changes associated with ADNP deficiencies: rapid indicators for NAP (CP201) treatment of the ADNP syndrome and beyond

Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) and its protein snippet NAP (drug candidate CP201) regulate synapse formation and cognitive as well as behavioral functions, in part, through microtubule interaction. Given potential interactions between the microbiome and brain function, we now investigated the potential effects of the ADNP-deficient genotype, mimicking the ADNP syndrome on microbiota composition in the Adnp+/- mouse model. We have discovered a surprising robust sexually dichotomized Adnp genotype effect and correction by NAP (CP201) as follows. Most of the commensal bacterial microbiota tested were affected by the Adnp genotype and corrected by NAP treatment in a male sex-dependent manner. The following list includes all the bacterial groups tested-labeled in bold are male Adnp-genotype increased and corrected (decreased) by NAP. (1) Eubacteriaceae (EubV3), (2) Enterobacteriaceae (Entero), (3) Enterococcus genus (gEncocc), (4) Lactobacillus group (Lacto), (5) Bifidobacterium genus (BIF), (6) Bacteroides/Prevotella species (Bac), (7) Clostridium coccoides group (Coer), (8) Clostridium leptum group (Cluster IV, sgClep), and (9) Mouse intestinal Bacteroides (MIB). No similarities were found between males and females regarding sex- and genotype-dependent microbiota distributions. Furthermore, a female Adnp+/- genotype associated decrease (contrasting male increase) was observed in the Lactobacillus group (Lacto). Significant correlations were discovered between specific bacterial group loads and open-field behavior as well as social recognition behaviors. In summary, we discovered ADNP deficiency associated changes in commensal gut microbiota compositions, a sex-dependent biomarker for the ADNP syndrome and beyond. Strikingly, we discovered rapidly detected NAP (CP201) treatment-dependent biomarkers within the gut microbiota

Chromoelectric Knot in QCD

We argue that the Skyrme theory describes the chromomagnetic (not chromoelectric) dynamics of QCD. This shows that the Skyrme theory could more properly be interpreted as an effective theory which is dual to QCD, rather than an effective theory of QCD itself. This leads us to predict the existence of a new type of topological knot, a twisted chromoelectric flux ring, in QCD which is dual to the chromomagnetic Faddeev-Niemi knot in Skyrme theory. We estimate the mass and the decay width of the lightest chromoelectric knot to be around $50 GeV$ and $117 MeV$.Comment: 4 page

On a low energy bound in a class of chiral field theories with solitons

A low energy bound in a class of chiral solitonic field theories related the infrared physics of the SU(N) Yang-Mills theory is established.Comment: Plain Latex, 8 pages, no figure

Cellular and animal models of skin alterations in the autism-related ADNP syndrome

Mutations in ADNP have been recently associated with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. However, the clinical features of patients with this syndrome are not fully identified, and no treatment currently exists for these patients. Here, we extended the ADNP syndrome phenotype describing skin abnormalities in both a patient with ADNP syndrome and an Adnp haploinsufficient mice. The patient displayed thin dermis, hyperkeratotic lesions in periarticular areas and delayed wound healing. Patient-derived skin keratinocytes showed reduced proliferation and increased differentiation. Additionally, detection of cell cycle markers indicated that mutant cells exhibited impaired cell cycle progression. Treatment of ADNP-deficient keratinocytes with the ADNP-derived NAP peptide significantly reduced the expression of differentiation markers. Sonography and immunofluorescence staining of epidermal layers revealed that the dermis was thinner in the patient than in a healthy control. Adnp haploinsufficient mice (Adnp+/-) mimicked the human condition showing reduced dermal thickness. Intranasal administration of NAP significantly increased dermal thickness and normalized the levels of cell cycle and differentiation markers. Our observations provide a novel activity of the autism-linked ADNP in the skin that may serve to define the clinical phenotype of patients with ADNP syndrome and provide an attractive therapeutic option for skin alterations in these patients.This work was supported by grant CI14/09 from Fundacion Instituto de Investigacion Valdecilla to J.L.F.-L., PI14/00900 from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) to A.G., and AMN Foundation and ERA-NET Neuron to I.G. We are grateful to Ana Freije and Laura Ceballos for technical assistance at isolating skin cells, and to Profs. Carmit Levi and Chen Luxenburg and the student Chen Slonimsky for their help in the in vivo experiments. We thank Prof. Joseph Levine for his help with the analysis of the Facebook answers regarding the skin conditions in ADNP children. We also thank Isabel Garcia for her constant support and help to obtain phenotypic information of the skin of patients with ADNP syndrome

Infrared Yang-Mills theory as a spin system. A lattice approach

To verify the conjecture that Yang-Mills theory in the infrared limit is equivalent to a spin system whose excitations are knot solitons, a numerical algorithm based on the inverse Monte Carlo method is proposed. To investigate the stability of the effective spin field action, numerical studies of the renormalization group flow for the coupling constants are suggested. A universality of the effective spin field action is also discussed.Comment: Latex 12 pages, no figures, references added, some comments added, to appear in Phys.Lett.