Media coverage of climate change mitigation in the spanish press

This article analyzes how the Spanish press covers the mitigation of climate change. We have used the search engine MyNews to study in El País and El Mundo, the newspapers with the largest circulation in Spain during the years 2016 and 2017, the news that includes the words "mitigacion" o "reducción de emisiones", y "cambio climatico” o “calentamiento global" in the most circulation newspapers in Spain in 2016 and 2017: El País and El Mundo. To explain how mitigation is covered by the Spanish press, we have used a series of categories and variables. As a result, we find an important difference between the urgency expressed by the scientific community and the reduced presence of this topic in the Spanish press

Firm Failure and Relationship Lending:New Evidence from Small Businesses

We study the effect of relationship lending on small firms failure probability using a uniquely rich data set comprised of information on individual loans of a large number of small firms in Colombia. We control for firm-specific variables and find that small firms involved in long-term liaisons with commercial banks have a significantly lower probability of becoming bankrupt than otherwise identical firms not involved in a long-term credit relationship. We also find that small firms with multiple banking relationships face a lower failure hazard than otherwise identical firms involved in a unique long-term relationship.Firms, bank relationships, survival analysis. Classification JEL: G20, G21, C40.

Los textos en los gráficos de los artículos médicos: aproximación pragmática

The aim of this paper is to present a linguistic analysis of scientific discourse from a pragmatic point of view. The study will focus on texts complementing graphs and diagrams in English medical research articles. A corpus of 25 texts was randomly drawn from 25 medical research papers and studied according to Brown and Levinson‘s linguistic politeness theory (1978, 1987), though only a few illustrative examples are included due to space limitations. The findings of the study point out that these texts are vital ingredients of academic discourse since they have a clear communicative purpose: namely, to help the reader understand the meaning of the visual information included in the graphs. Moreover, the authors' use of politeness strategies indicates that there is an interaction between author and audience since the aim of maintaining social relationships is attached to the transmission of information. Finally, it is suggested that this section of the article, which is often ignored by genre analysts, should be taken into account in the teaching of Language for Academic Purposes due to its important role from a linguistic perspective

Diagnóstico de la operación de la planta de tratamiento de agua residual (PTAR), del municipio de Madrid - Cundinamarca

Trabajo de investigaciónEl principal objetivo de este proyecto fue presentar un diagnóstico de la PTAR para lo cual, inicialmente se recopiló la información necesaria para entender el modo de operación de la PTAR y las especificaciones de cada una de las estructuras; posterior a esto, se realizó la verificación de cumplimiento de los parámetros de diseño de cada una de las estructuras de la PTAR.INTRODUCCIÓN 1. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA 2. OBJETIVOS 3. MARCO DE REFERENCIA 4. ESTADO DEL ARTE 5. METODOLOGÍA 6. ANÁLISIS DE ESTUDIOS Y DISEÑOS 7. CONCLUSIONES 8. RECOMENDACIONES 9. BIBLIOGRAFÍA ANEXOSPregradoIngeniero Civi

La visión zoque del Inframundo

Este trabajo es una aproximación al pensamiento y explicación que dan los zoques del noroeste chiapaneco en relación con el Inframundo. En síntesis podemos decir que existen cuatro espacios alternos o mundos paralelos donde se desarrolla la vida. Cada mundo está identificado con una fase del ciclo solar. Así, la vida terrena es la que se desarrolla sobre la faz de la tierra, es el aquí y el ahora; el tiempo es fugaz, corresponde al Sol rojo. El mundo del encanto o Tsu’an es donde van a vivir los atrapados por los dueños de los cerros, y viven la felicidad eterna, el tiempo y el espacio están atrapados; corresponde al Sol amarillo. El Gran Laberinto o I’ps töjk es el mundo donde son juzgadas todas y cada una de las acciones de la vida terrena, y dependiendo del veredicto del Gran Tribunal, se reciben merecidos premios o castigos; el tiempo y el espacio están detenidos, corresponde al Sol blanco. Finalmente, el mundo de Pajujk tsu es el territorio de la gran oscuridad, lugar donde van a vivir los suicidas. El tiempo y el espacio están atrapados; corresponde al Sol negro.This paper is an approach to the thoughts and explanation that the Zoques from the northeast of Chiapas understand in relation to the underworld. In short we can say there are, in their conception, four parallel worlds where life is developed. Each one of these worlds is identified with one of the solar cycle phase. Then the terrenal life is developed over the Earth and this is here and now for them; life time is short and belongs to the red Sun stage. The world of the enchantment or Tsu’an is where the men are caught and taken to live inside of the mountains and they live with eternal happiness; time and space are catchet, and this phase belongs to the yellow Sun. The world great labyrinth or I’ps töjk is the world where every behavior on the Earth is judged, and depending on the Great Tribunal verdict, people receive prizes or punishments according to their behavior in their life; time and space are frozen, and this correspond to the white Sun cycle. Finally, the Pagujk tsu’ world is the deep darkness territory, the place when those who committed suicide go to live; time and space are trapped in this stage. This belongs to the black Sun phase

Generalized modified slash Birnbaum–Saunders distribution

In this paper, a generalization of the modified slash Birnbaum-Saunders (BS) distribution is introduced. The model is defined by using the stochastic representation of the BS distribution, where the standard normal distribution is replaced by a symmetric distribution proposed by Reyes et al. It is proved that this new distribution is able to model more kurtosis than other extensions of BS previously proposed in the literature. Closed expressions are given for the pdf (probability density functio), along with their moments, skewness and kurtosis coefficients. Inference carried out is based on modified moments method and maximum likelihood (ML). To obtain ML estimates, two approaches are considered: Newton-Raphson and EM-algorithm. Applications reveal that it has potential for doing well in real problems

Segovia y los orígenes de la imprenta española

Segovia es la primera localidad española que tuvo imprenta, traída por su obispo, Juan Arias Dávila, con el fin de editar textos para la formación del clero en el Estudio General de la ciudad. Estuvo a cargo del taller el alemán, procedente de Roma, Juan Párix, que realizó al menos ocho ediciones entre 472 y 1474 ó 1475, antes de trasladarse a Toulouse. Uno de sus trabajos, el Sinodal de Aguilafuente, es considerado el primer libro español. Aunque son conocidos por la mayoría de los especialistas, en este artículo se presentan los últimos datos del origen de la imprenta en Segovia, que avalan aún más la presencia de Párix en la ciudad, para su divulgación en el vasto ámbito de la Biblioteconomía y la documentación.Segovia is the first town which possessed a press, brought by bishop Juan Arias Dávila in order to print texts to serve the clergy of the General Stodium. In charge was the German Printer Juan Párix, who worked out at least eight editions between 1472 an 1474/5, date in which he settled in Toulouse: One of his works, the Sinodal de Aguilafuente, in sonsiderd to be the first Spanish printed book. Althought most of this is well known to the scholars, this item presents some new data of the beginning of the press in Segovia backing the presence here of Juan Párix, destined to the wide world of librazianship and Information Sciences

From manual to mechanical printing: first attempts of change in Spain

El paso de la imprenta manual a la mecánica fue gradual y se produjo desde finales del siglo XVIII hasta las primeras décadas del siglo XIX, siendo estas últimas las que marcan la transición. Se conocen las principales innovaciones técnicas realizadas en otros países, que llegaron a España a través de publicaciones o por el espionaje industrial, no así que en nuestro país hubiera diversos intentos de mejora de las prensas, de la tipografía e incluso de la composición, inspiradas por particulares o por las instituciones. En este artículo se muestran varias propuestas que se realizaron con descripciones e incluso con imágenes de los artilugios. Por razones varias no salieron adelante, pero alguna pudo ser pionera en la imprenta europea.The change from manual to mechanical printing was gradual and took place between the end of the eighteenth century and the first decades of the nineteenth century, being the latter the years that marked the transition. We know the main technical innovations made in other countries which arrived to Spain through publications or industrial espionage, but we are not aware that, in our country, there were several private and official attempts to improve the printing press, typography and typesetting. In this article, I show several of these attempts, their descriptions and even pictures of their devices. For several reasons they did not succeed, but some could have pioneered European mechanical printing

Gonzalo Sánchez-Molero, José Luis. La Epístola a Mateo Vázquez: historia de una polémica literaria en torno a Cervantes. Alcalá de Henares: Centro de Estudios Cervantinos, 2010

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