Słownik cerkiewnosłowiańsko-polski, навуковая рэдакцыя i ўступ Лiлii Цiтка, Беласток 2012, сс. 130

recenzja552352

Temporary Work Agencies and Unemployment in Poland

During the last several years most European countries have noted a rapid increase in the share of temporary employment in the total number of employees. Among the forms of temporary employment have dominated: fixed-term employment contracts and temporary work agencies employment. [OECD]. Poland was located among the top of the countries with rapidly growing temporary employment and high unemployment. In 2003, Poland introduced regulations regarding the employment of temporary workers. There was a sharp increase in demand for the services of temporary work agencies. The number of temporary workers rose from 0.23% of total employment in 2003 to 3.27% in 2012. Using empirical data, the author analyses the impact of temporary work agencies on the number of the unemployed. The results show that with the increase in the number of temporary work agencies, the number of the unemployed fell. Each agency employed an average of 795 unemployed. The largest group of temporary workers were those unemployed for 6 to 24 [email protected] of Economics and Management, University of Bialystok5(71)13915

Energy Efficient Execution of POMDP Policies

Recent advances in planning techniques for partially observable Markov decision processes have focused on online search techniques and offline point-based value iteration. While these techniques allow practitioners to obtain policies for fairly large problems, they assume that a non-negligible amount of computation can be done between each decision point. In contrast, the recent proliferation of mobile and embedded devices has lead to a surge of applications that could benefit from state of the art planning techniques if they can operate under severe constraints on computational resources. To that effect, we describe two techniques to compile policies into controllers that can be executed by a mere table lookup at each decision point. The first approach compiles policies induced by a set of alpha vectors (such as those obtained by point-based techniques) into approximately equivalent controllers, while the second approach performs a simulation to compile arbitrary policies into approximately equivalent controllers. We also describe an approach to compress controllers by removing redundant and dominated nodes, often yielding smaller and yet better controllers. Further compression and higher value can sometimes be obtained by considering stochastic controllers. The compilation and compression techniques are demonstrated on benchmark problems as well as a mobile application to help persons with Alzheimer's to way-find. The battery consumption of several POMDP policies is compared against finite-state controllers learned using methods introduced in this paper. Experiments performed on the Nexus 4 phone show that finite-state controllers are the least battery consuming POMDP policies

Unidimensional Analysis of Oil Velocity Fields in Lubricant Film in Effective Lubrication of a Sliding Journal Bearing

In order to provide effective lubrication in a sliding journal bearing unidimensional analysis was conducted to investigate oil flow velocity in the lubricant film formed in the gap between the shaft journal and the sleeve. An original equation was developed using FEM to determine fluid velocity depending on the angular velocity of journal ω and the width of gap h, which in turn is determined by the value of transverse journal load and the displacement of its geometrical centre in relation to the sleeve centre e. Mathematical models were developed, which were subjected to simulation studies in order to verify their logical accuracy. Results facilitate a more precise and rapid selection of work parameters for transversely loaded sliding bearings. Moreover, these results may be used in further multi-criterion analyses of lubrication parameters for sliding bearings during their operation

The 2014 International Planning Competition: Progress and Trends

We review the 2014 International Planning Competition (IPC-2014), the eighth in a series of competitions starting in 1998. IPC-2014 was held in three separate parts to assess state-of-the-art in three prominent areas of planning research: the deterministic (classical) part (IPCD), the learning part (IPCL), and the probabilistic part (IPPC). Each part evaluated planning systems in ways that pushed the edge of existing planner performance by introducing new challenges, novel tasks, or both. The competition surpassed again the number of competitors than its predecessor, highlighting the competition’s central role in shaping the landscape of ongoing developments in evaluating planning systems

Branching Time Active Inference: empirical study and complexity class analysis

Active inference is a state-of-the-art framework for modelling the brain that explains a wide range of mechanisms such as habit formation, dopaminergic discharge and curiosity. However, recent implementations suffer from an exponential complexity class when computing the prior over all the possible policies up to the time horizon. Fountas et al (2020) used Monte Carlo tree search to address this problem, leading to very good results in two different tasks. Additionally, Champion et al (2021a) proposed a tree search approach based on (temporal) structure learning. This was enabled by the development of a variational message passing approach to active inference, which enables compositional construction of Bayesian networks for active inference. However, this message passing tree search approach, which we call branching-time active inference (BTAI), has never been tested empirically. In this paper, we present an experimental study of BTAI in the context of a maze solving agent. In this context, we show that both improved prior preferences and deeper search help mitigate the vulnerability to local minima. Then, we compare BTAI to standard active inference (AcI) on a graph navigation task. We show that for small graphs, both BTAI and AcI successfully solve the task. For larger graphs, AcI exhibits an exponential (space) complexity class, making the approach intractable. However, BTAI explores the space of policies more efficiently, successfully scaling to larger graphs. Then, BTAI was compared to the POMCP algorithm on the frozen lake environment. The experiments suggest that BTAI and the POMCP algorithm accumulate a similar amount of reward. Also, we describe when BTAI receives more rewards than the POMCP agent, and when the opposite is true. Finally, we compared BTAI to the approach of Fountas et al (2020) on the dSprites dataset, and we discussed the pros and cons of each approach.Comment: 39 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in Neural Network

Body Size of the Monomorphic Ant Lasius niger

Metal pollution may cause the decrease in the individual body size. In ants, the morphological diversity within and between colonies may be much higher than that considered before, even in monomorphic ants. In this study we measured the body size, expressed as head width, of Lasius niger workers collected from 44 young colonies in their ergonomic stage along a well-known gradient exhibiting chronic metal pollution. We calculated statistics describing the body size distribution curve, namely, average, median, data range, skewness, and kurtosis. None of these statistics correlated with the pollution level. Contrary to our previous study performed on mature colonies, workers from young colonies do not display pollution-related morphological changes. The results stress the importance of developmental stage of colony on diversifying body size of the worker cast, in monomorphic ants living in metal-polluted areas

"Słownik cerkiewnosłowiańsko-polski", redakcja naukowa i wstęp Lilia Citko, Białystok 2012, ss. 130.

Anna Grześ, Białysto

Gantt chart and Critical Path Method

O sprawności i skuteczności każdej organizacji decyduje umiejętność zarządzania szeregiem rutynowych oraz nowych procesów i zadań. Stąd grupa nowych lub zmodyfikowanych przedsięwzięć wymaga przede wszystkim zastosowania metod ułatwiających zarządzanie nimi i umożliwiających zakończenie ich realizacji w wyznaczonym terminie. W zarządzaniu niezbyt dużymi i niezbyt czasochłonnymi projektami, w szczególności na etapach planowania struktury, planowania przebiegu oraz planowania zasobów, często są wykorzystywane klasyczne wykresy Gantta umożliwiające zaplanowanie, a następnie kontrolowanie przebiegu realizacji danego przedsięwzięcia. Podobne wyniki dostarcza metoda ścieżki krytycznej (Critical Path Method – CPM), która jest mniej popularna w praktyce gospodarczej polskich podmiotów. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie wspólnych elementów wykresów Gantta i CPM oraz ocena ich ograniczeń i korzyści w zarządzaniu przedsięwzięciami. Analiza przykładowego zestawu czynności składających się na dane przedsięwzięcie pokazała, że wykres Gantta i metoda ścieżki krytycznej (CPM) wzajemnie się uzupełniają i jest uzasadnione stosowanie w praktyce tych obu metod jednocześnie. Dodatkowo zauważa się, że w wyznaczaniu ścieżki krytycznej przedsięwzięcia, w którym kilka czynności jest realizowanych w tym samym czasie, przewagę zyskuje CPM.The efficiency of each organisation is determined by its ability to manage a range of both traditional and new processes and tasks. Therefore, especially new or modified projects require the use of methods that aid management and allow for a timely completion. In the management of not very large and not very time-consuming projects, particularly in the stages involving the planning of the structure, course planning and resource planning, classic Gantt charts are often used since they facilitate the planning and monitoring of project implementation. Similar results can be received by means of the Critical Path Method (CPM), which is less common in the practice of Polish business entities. The aim of this paper is to present the elements that the two methods have in common, and to assess their limitations and benefits for project management. Analysis of a sample set of actions comprising the project shows that the Gantt chart and the CPM are complementary and it is recommended that these two methods are used simultaneously. In addition, it is noted that when several activities are carried out at the same time, the CPM is capable of defining the critical path in a more precise way than Gantt [email protected]ł Ekonomii i Zarządzania, Uniwersytet w Białymstoku6(72)19521

Integracja małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw handlowych jako kierunek ich rozwoju

Zdigitalizowano i udostępniono w ramach projektu pn. Rozbudowa otwartych zasobów naukowych Repozytorium Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku, dofinansowanego z programu „Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki” Ministra Edukacji i Nauki na podstawie umowy SONB/SP/512497/2021.Uniwersytet w BiałymstokuGierszewska G., Romanowska M., Analiza strategiczna przedsiębiorstwa, PWE, Warszawa 1996.Haffer M., Popławski W., Strategie innowacyjne w kontekście podstawowych kierunków rozwoju przedsiębiorstw, [w:] Pierścionek Z., Poznańska K. (red.), Strategie rozwoju współczesnych przedsiębiorstw, SGH, Warszawa 2000.Kłosiewicz U., Integracja - szansa rozwoju małych firm handlowych, "Handel Wewnętrzny" 1999, nr 6.Kłosiewicz U., Strużycki M., Europejskie prawidłowości rozwoju handlu w Polsce, "Handel Wewnętrzny" 1997, nr 1.Kucharska B., Integracja w handlu w świetle badań bezpośrednich, "Handel Wewnętrzny" 1998, nr 3.Kucharska B., Powiązania przedsiębiorstw handlowych w kanałach dystrybucji na przykładzie polskich firm handlowych, "Handel Wewnętrzny" 2000, nr 2.Maleszyk E., Sieci jako przejaw koncentracji w handlu wewnętrznym, "Handel Wewnętrzny" 2000, nr 1.Poznańska K., Schulte-Zurhausen M., Kryteria klasyfikacji małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw, "Przegląd Organizacji" 1994, nr 2.Rocznik statystyczny 2000, GUS, Warszawa 2000.Sławińska M., Podstawy ekonomiki przedsiębiorstwa handlowego, AE, Poznań 1998.SzuIce H., Struktury i strategie w handlu, PWE, Warszawa 1998.869