Stratégies incitatives à la pratique de l'élevage des cobayes (Cavia porcellus L.) en Côte d’Ivoire

La caviaculture contribue à la résilience des systèmes agricoles, en période de post conflit. Bien que présent en Côte d’Ivoire, elle ne fait pas encore partie des solutions promues par les gouvernants. L'objectif de cette étude est d’assurer une meilleure connaissance des systèmes de production et des performances du  cobaye dans les conditions locales avant de proposer une stratégie incitative à la pratique de cet élevage. A cet effet, une enquête technico-socio-économique  transversale et  rétrospective basée sur une méthode non probabiliste dite en « boule-de-neige » a été menée dans six départements. La caviaculture présente en  zones urbaine et rurale sous forme traditionnelle souffre d’un manque de suivi et de technicité, car menée essentiellement par les enfants et les adolescents sans  formation préalable. La pratique durable de cet élevage nécessitera un réel changement au niveau de la sensibilisation des populations, du système d’élevage, de  l’amélioration génétique ainsi que de la commercialisation des produits. Parmi les stratégies incitatives, figurent, entre autres, des activités scolaires éduquant  les enfants, et influençant leurs parents (éducation ascendante) et des activités visant l’amélioration de la représentativité des ménagères au sein des éleveurs afin que cet animal entre entièrement dans les habitudes alimentaires.Mots clés: Caviaculture, diagnostic, sociologie rurale, urbaine, durabilité

Essai préliminaire de production d’oeufs des poules pondeuses (ISA Warren) enrichis en acides gras polyinsaturés oméga 3 avec les graines de Euphorbia heterophylla L.

 En Afrique, la notion de qualité nutritionnelle des oeufs de poules pondeuses semble être  abstraite. Afin d’y remédier, cette étude vise à déterminer l'impact d'un régime supplémenté en graines de Euphorbia heterophylla sur la qualité nutritionnelle d'oeufs de poules pondeuses. A cet effet, vingt-quatre poules (ISA Warren) de 1,4 kg ont reçu durant 28 jours soit un régime contrôle (RC) (100% d'aliment commercial), soit un régime expérimental (R15) (80% de RC, 5% de complément minéral vitaminé et 15% de graines de Euphorbia heterophylla). Les dosages effectués ont montré que le régime R15 a conduit à une baisse significative des proportions d’acides gras saturés, monoinsaturés, polyinsaturés n-6 et a induit à une augmentation significative de la proportion en acides gras polyinsaturés n-3. Les proportions des acides gras C18:3 n-3, C20:5 n-3, C22:5 n-3 et C22:5 n-3 des jaunes des oeufs issus de R15 ont été multipliées respectivement par 31, 10, 4 et 3. Une réduction significative de 18% du taux de cholestérol total a été observée avec le régime expérimental R15. La consommation de ce type d'oeuf permettrait d'améliorer la prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires, principales causes de mortalité dans les pays africains à revenu faible ou intermédiaire.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés: Oeufs, acides gras, cholestérol, nutrition, santéEnglish AbstractIn Africa, notion of nutritional quality of layers’ eggs seems to be abstract. To remedy it, this  study aims to determining the effect of a diet supplemented with seeds of Euphorbia heterophylla on the nutritional quality of layers’ eggs. For this purpose, twenty-four hens (ISA Warren) 1,4 kg for 28 days received either a control diet (RC) (100% food marketed) or an experimental diet (R15) (80% RC, 5% vitamin and mineral supplement 15% seeds of Euphorbia heterophylla). The analysis showed that R15 diet has significantly led to adecline in proportions saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, omega-6 PUFA and induced an significantly increase of the proportion of n-3 PUFA. The proportions of fatty acids C18:3 n-3, C20:5 n-3, C22:5 n-3 and C22:5 n-3 of yellow eggs from R15 have increased respectively by 31, 10, 4 and 3. A significantly reduction of 18% to cholesterol the egg yolk was observed with the experimental diet R15. The consumption of this type of egg will allow improve prevention of cardiovascular disease, leading cause of death in low- and middle-income.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Eggs, fatty acid, cholesterol, nutrition, healt

Newborn calf intestinal absorption of immunoglobulins extracted from bovine colostrum.

O objetivo desta pesquisa consistiu em estudar a absorção de imunoglobulinas G (IgG) extraídas do colostro por ultrafiltração e recolocadas em solução salina (IECRSS). Cinqüenta bezerros holandeses Holstein Frisian (ME) recém-nascidos (41 machos e 9 fêmeas) foram distribuídos ao acaso em cinco tratamentos (dez animais em cada tratamento) com a seguinte composição: a. colostro; b. IECRSS + caseino-macropeptídeo (CMP), c. IECRSS + ácido isobutírico; d. IECRSS + extrato liofilizado de colostro, e e. IECRSS pura. O colostro e as IECRSS (à base de 44 g/l de IgG) foram distribuídos à razão de 25 g/kg FV. Os complementos (CMP, ácido isobutírico e extrato liofilizado de colostro) foram incorporados na proporção de: 100, 125, 250 mg/kg PV, respectivamente. Os animais foram alimentados com colostro ou IECRSS + complemento, duas, dez e dezoito horas após o nascimento. As coletas de sangue foram efetuadas antes da ingestão do colostro ou IECRSS, bem como às 26 horas de vida. A temperatura corporal foi medida antes de cada coleta de sangue. A seguir, determinou-se a taxa de hematócrito. Os níveis de IgG foram dosados a partir do plasma, por nefelometija. As IECRSS foram absorvidas em proporções menores em comparação ao colostro in natura, independentemente da natureza do complemento adicionado (PC 0,01). Os níveis de IgG alcançados a 26 horas de vida foram (média ± erro padrão da média): 5,12 ± 0,79; 6,74 ± 0,82; 7,61 ± 1,18; 7,58 ± 0,85 e 14,9 ± 1,39 (g/l), para os tratamentos C, B, E, D e A, respectivamente. A taxa de hematrócrito e a temperatura corporal não foram influenciadas (P >0,05) pelos tratamentos, independentemente da ordem de coleta (entre 0 e 26 h). Conclui-se que as IECRSS, independentemente da natureza do complemento adicionado, não são absorvidas eficazmente como as imunoglobulinas 6 do colostro in natura.The aim of the present work is to study the absorption of immunoglobulins G extracted from colostrum and administered in a saline solution (IECRSS). Fifty (41 male and 9 female) newborn Holstein calves were randomly divided into five groups of ten animals each. Calves were guiven ether a. colostrum; b. IECRSS + CMP; c. IECRSS + isobutyric acid; d. IECRSS + freeze-dried colostrum extract, and e- pure IECRS5. Colostrum and IECRSS, each of them containing 44 g/l of IgG, were given at a level of 25 g/kg body weight. The complements (CMP, isobutyric acid and colostrumextract) were added at the levels of 100. 125 and 250 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Blood samples were taken just before the meals as well as 26 h after birth. The animals were fed on colostrum or IECRSS + + compliement two, ten and eighteen hours after birth. Blood was sampled before ingestion of colostrum or IECRSS and 26 hoursafter birth. Body temperature was measured betore each blood sampling and therafter the hematocrit level was determined. The IgG levels were dosed up from plasma by nephelometry. Compared with that of colostrum IgG in nature, IECRSS absorption was reduced independently of the added complement (P C 0.01). The plasma levels of IgG at 26 hours after birth were 5.12 ± 0.79; 6.74 ±0.82:7.61 ± 1.18; 7.58 ± 0.85 and 14.9 ± 139 (g/l) in calves of groups A, B, C, D, E respectively. The hematocrit level and the body temperature were not influenced (P >0.05) by the treatments, independently of the blood collection (between 0 and 26 hours). It was concluded that the IECRSS, independently of the nature of the added complement, are less efficiently absorted than the IgG of colostrum in natura

Neonatal levels of plasma thyroxine in male and female calves feel a colostrum or immunoglobulin diet or fasted for the 28 hours of life.Effets des premiers pas sur l'evolution du taux plasmatique de thyroxine chez le veau nouveau-ne.

International audienc

Metabolic consequences of induced hypoxica in newborn lambs.

International audienc

Consequences metaboliques de l'hypoxie chez le veau et l'agneau nouveaux nes.

National audienc

Typifying guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) farmers in urban and peri-urban areas in central and southern Côte d’Ivoire

Guinea pig production is practised by all strata of society in Côte d'Ivoire, without regard to gender, age, religion, instruction level or community. It is essentially a source of income, but socioeconomic and cultural background significantly influence the approach to guinea pig production. Adult owners use animals as a source of income. Children eat a significant part of the production themselves. Adolescents progress from consumption to marketing. This preliminary study opens the way for future work that could measure changes over time in the socioeconomic profile of guinea pig farmers and the attitude of the population towards guinea pig breeding

Newborn calf intestinal absorption of immunoglobulins extracted from colostrum.

National audienc

Perinatal expression of heat-shock protein 90 in different regions of the brain and in non-neural tissues of the piglet

International audienc